学位英语考试复习语法.docx

1、学位英语考试复习语法1.普通当前时可以代替将来时，用于时间和条件状语从句中。例如：1)Return the book immediately to the library as soon as you _A_ it. A. finish B. are finished C. have finished D. are finishing2)Please be sure to telephone me the next time you _D_. A. will come B. would come C. shall come D. come 2.在“This is the first time”

2、构造中，背面从句用当前完毕时。句子开头也可以用it代替this例：This is the first time that I have met Jane.3.在“It/This is +形容词最高档+名词背面从句中，用当前完毕时。”例：This is one of the best books _A_ on the subject. A. that have ever been written B. which have ever been written C. that has ever been written D. whatever have been written 4.在“It is

3、/has been时间段since后边用过去时。”例：It has been twenty years since I left my hometown.5.在“no soonerthan”和“hardly when”构造中，主句某些用过去完毕时，从句某些用过去时。例如：1)I had no sooner returned than he called.2)We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.6.在“It is (high) time后边从句中用过去时。”例：It is time that we had a rest. 7. 时态与时间状

4、语 ：时态时间状语普通当前时every，sometimes,at，on Sunday等普通过去时yesterday，last week，an hour ago，the other day，in 1982，just now等普通将来时next，tomorrow，in+一段时间，before+时间点等当前完毕时for，since，so far，ever，never，just，yet，till/until，up to now，in past years，always，recently等过去完毕时before，by+过去时间，until，when，after，once等过去进行时this mornin

5、g，the whole morning，all day，yesterday，from nine to ten last evening when，while等将来进行时soon，tomorrow，this evening，on Sunday，by this time，tomorrow，in two days，tomorrow evening语法1. 语态是表达主语与谓语之间关系一种形式。英语有两种语态：积极语态和被动语态。 考查时态与语态题普通结合在一起，特别是被动语态，除了注意它普通时态之外，还要注意它进行时态及完毕时态变化。如：He told me that a highway was b

6、eing built here.她告诉我这里正在建造一条高速公路。2. 此外还需注意有些动词，其形式虽是积极，但具备被动含义。1）当感官动词作系动词时,例如：Good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。This material feels very soft.这种衣料摸起来非常柔软。2）尚有某些及物动词作不及物动词时，也可以表达被动含义，如：This pen doesnt write well.这支笔不好使。此类动词不多，常用有cut，lock，open，peel，read，sell，shut，wash，wear，write 等。练习：1. Last night，on

7、his way home，he was _C_ on the head by something hard.A. striked B. stroke C. struck D. striken2. “Did you say that our neighbor _C_ in the accident?”A. badly hurt B. was badly hurted C. was badly hurt D. had badly hurted3. While I _ my spectacles，I _ a pen. AA. was looking for found B . was looking

8、 for looked forC. was finding found D. was finding looked for4. If she doesnt tell him the truth now，hell simply keep on asking her until she _A_.A. does B. has done C. will do D. would do5. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news，it is unlikely that television _D_ the newspap

9、er completely.A. replaced B. have replaced C. replace D. will replace6. She ought to stop work. She has a headache because she _A_too long.A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. read7. By the end of this month，we surely _A_ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A. will have found B. have

10、found C. will be finding D. are finding8. We _B_ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.A. just have had B. had just had C. just had D. have just had9. Our school _C_ for the summer at the end of June.A. to be closed B. closing C. closes D. to close10. Send for a doctor quickly. The old man

11、_B_.A. will die B. is dying C. dies D. died情态动词1情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。只有ought背面接to do。情态动词后接完毕时用法:情态动词用来表达能力、容许、许诺、也许、必要、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。2must当前完毕时构造：这一构造表达对过去一种动作比较有把握猜测。例：I believe he _D_ an accident，otherwise he would have arrived on time.A. would have had B. could have had C. should have hadD. m

12、ust have had3should (ought to )have done用来表达本来应当做却没有做事情。例：Im sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left，I _C_ him earlier. A. had a telephone B. have phoned C. should have phoned D. should be phoned 答案是C。中文意思是“我很抱歉我没能在她走之前和她联系上，我本应早点儿给她打电话。”4could当前完毕时，表达本来能做事情而没有做。例：Mary _A_ that coat，but

13、 she chose to lend the money to a needy neighbour. A. could have bought B. must have bought C. can buy D. could buy 答案为A。玛丽本来可以买那件大衣，但是她把钱借给一种更急需邻居了。虚拟语调1虚拟条件句中虚拟语调运用：虚拟条件句从时间上又分为与当前事实相反，与过去事实相反，与将来事实也许相反三种状况。表达与当前事实相反，if从句用过去式，主句用would（或could，should，might）加原形动词。与过去事实相反，if从句用过去完毕时，主句用would（或could，sh

14、ould，might）+have done构造。与将来事实也许相反，if 从句用should (或were to)加动词原形，主句用would加动词原形。1）If a better material _A_，the strength of the part would have been increased. A. had been used B. had been using C. being used D. using2）Had the weather been good，the children _B_ out for a walk. A. had gone B. could have

15、gone C. would go D. went答案为B。与过去事实相反。当if从句中具有were，had，should这三个词时，if可以省略，主谓倒装。2某些动词后宾语从句以及某些名词后表语或同位语从句中虚拟语调运用，这些动词或名词涉及：suggest(suggestion),propose(proposal),advise (advice),demand，insist，order，request，require，recommend，desire，ask，decide等表达建议、命令或规定词。在这些从句中，谓语形式为should加动词原形，should可以省略。例：The generals

16、 command was that the soldiers _B_ their fort and carry out more important task.A. would leave B. leave C. left D. have left 3在It is desired(或desirable)，It is important等构造背面主语从句中，动词用原形或should+原形动词。这些构造有： It is suggested，It is requested，It was ordered，It is necessary，It is essential. It is vital，It i

17、s urgent，It is impossible，It is preferable，It is advisable，It was proposed等。例：Its desired that she _C_ to teach us at least twice a week， A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come4在would rather，as if/though以及wish后边that从句中虚拟语调运用。1）I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _C_ next month for

18、 a dinner.A. come B. would come C. came D. have come答案为C。would rather背面从句中，动词形式用过去式。2）He talks as if he _B_ everything in the world. A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have know对的答案为B。在as if/though后边方式状语从句中，表达与当前事实相反或对当前状况有所怀疑，动词用过去式；如果表达是想象中过去动作，用过去完毕时。本句表达对当前状况有所怀疑。3）You look as if you had see

19、n a ghost.此句中as if 后边是说话人想象中过去动作，因此用过去完毕时。4）I wish I knew his address.在wish后边从句中，如果指当前或将来愿望，动词用过去式。这句话告诉咱们说话人并不懂得她地址。5）Peter wishes that he _B_ law instead of literature when he was in college. Acould study B. studied C. had studied D. would study 在wish后边从句中，如果表达过去没有实现愿望，动词用过去完毕时。5在It is (high) time

20、后边that从句中，动词用过去式，表达该做某事了。例：Dont you think it is time you _B_ smoking? A. give up B. gave up C . would give up D. should give up 虚拟语调专项练习：ADBDC ACBBA1. We desire that the tour leader _ us immediately of any change in plans.A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informed2. It was proposed that the ma

21、tter _ discussed at the next meeting.A. will be B. was C. could be D. be3. The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it _ on the way.A. goes wrong B. should go wrong C. went wrong D. would go wrong4. It is essential that these application forms _ back before the deadline.A. must be sent

22、 B. will be sent C. are sent D. be sent5. Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time _?A. we are going home B. we go homeC. we went home D. we can go home6. Id rather you _ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A. didnt B. wouldnt C. dont D. shouldnt7. That tree looked as if

23、it _ for a long time.A. hasnt been watered B. didnt waterC. hadnt been watered D. wasnt watered8. She didnt go to the party，but she does wish she _ there.A. has been B. had been C. would have been D. would be9. _ the whole situation，I wouldnt have said it.A. If I should know B. Had I knownC. If I kn

24、ew D. Were to know10. The traffic was very heavy；otherwise I _ here 30 minutes sooner. A. could have been B. would be C. should be D. had been非谓语动词1英语中有些动词后跟不定式作宾语，有些动词背面则接动名词作宾语，尚有某些动词后边既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，有时意义不变，但有时却在乎义上大不相似，因此必要紧记关于非谓语形式基本知识。1）We shall appreciate _B_ from you soon.A. being heard B. h

25、earing C. to hear D. having been heardappreciate 这个词背面只能接动名词，且应当是其普通式。2）The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the manager of the company. A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told短语动词confess to中to是介词，不是动词不定式符号，因而选项A和B可以排除。选项C是动名词被动式，而动名词后边已有了宾语a lie ,因而动名词不能是被动式，因而对的答案是D。用完毕形式动名词表

26、达这个动作在重要动词之前已经发生。3）We all feel sorry for _B_ for so long after your arrival. A. keep you waiting B. having kept you waiting C. waiting for you D. keep you wait2非谓语动词作宾语补充语时，要弄清哪些动词背面可以跟不定式作宾补，哪些动词背面可以跟分词作宾补。 decorate是及物动词，1）Mr. and Mrs. Smith didnt expect the house _A_ so well。 A. to be decorated B.

27、 to decorate C. be decorated D. decorating 2）There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself _D_. A. hearing B. being heard C. to hear D. heardhear 在本句中是及物动词，据此可以排除A和C，B项选取形式不对，因而D是对的答案。3）The manager has his employees _D_ a business report every week.A. to write B. written C. writing D

28、. write答案为D。have和get背面接宾补时，要用过去分词或无to不定式。4）we are going to have our office _C_ to make room for a new engineer. A. to rearrange B. rearrange C . rearranged D. rearranging3非谓语动词作状语时，特别是分词作状语时，要注意分词逻辑主语必要和句子主语一致。例：Arriving at the bus stop，_A_ waiting there. A. he found a lot of people B. a lot of peop

29、le were C. he found a lot of peoples D. people were found4掌握好非谓语动词形式时态和语态对的使用。如果非谓语动词所示动作发生在重要谓语动词所示动作之后或同步，用普通式，如果非谓语动词表达动作在重要谓语动词所示动作之前，则用完毕式。非谓语动词逻辑主语是动作发出者还是接受者决定了应当用积极式还是被动式。例：The famous novel is said _C_ into Chinese. A. to have translated B. to be translate C. to have been translated D. to tr

30、anslate非谓语动词练习：ABDAB BDDAC1. It is no good _ to come now. He is busy.A. if you ask him B. to ask him C. asking him D. that you ask him2. He was lucky to escape _ to prison.A. sending B. being sent C. to be sent D. sent3. The bedroom needs _.A. clean B. to clean C. cleaned D. cleaning4. His parents _ last week，the child has no one to look after him.A. having died B. died C. dead D. having dead5. _ a teacher in the university，it is necessary to have at least masters degree.A. Become B. To become C. One becomes D. Becoming6. There is a man at the r