美国最富和最穷的学区.docx

1、美国最富和最穷的学区天堂和地狱之门，到底开在哪里？对于刚刚来到这个世界上的孩子来说，是不可能知道的。结果，有的人幸运地走进了天堂，有的人不幸的迈入了地狱。迈进地狱门槛的孩子，不仅输在起跑线上，而且，他们之中几乎所有的人，也终身没有翻身走出“地狱”之门的机会。这就是人们常说的命运！投错了胎，你想改变自己的命运和人生，却是机会渺茫。这就是人生的可悲之处。这里列出的是美国最富有和最贫穷的十大学区。如果你不小心掉在这些名单之一，请你谈谈你在这样学校的感觉和领悟，不管是“好的”还是“坏的”。美国的学区经费主要是学区自己支付的，来源第一是地产税，第二恐怕就是收入调节税了。有些学区，还可以靠商业活动相关的税

2、款来补充。不过，富有的学区，通常是不太喜欢有太多的商人在周围晃荡太多的。他们宁愿多付钱，获得多点“寂寞”和安宁。在最富有学区学习的孩子，成绩普遍比较优秀。原因，不仅在于钱多好办事，在于拿钱比较多的老师不得不小心“老老实实”的做好自己的事情，还在于，这些有资格和机会在富有学区学习的孩子，不仅先天的基因有优势（因为他们的父母亲辈也不是靠好吃懒做达到这一步的），而且，小时候的学前教育和来自家庭的言传身教高于普通人一筹，来自家庭的要求和规范，也远高于普通的家庭父母亲所想要达到的。很多人强调金钱投资对于孩子未来成长的巨大影响力，就此想通过行政手段和“再分配”渠道，来为那些比较贫穷的学区多拉点资金。这样做

3、的效果大小，至今还是一个争论不休的话题。话说回来，即使是将最富有学区和最贫穷学区的孩子换一下，我相信，来自最贫穷学区的孩子，也是不可能取得像来自最富有学区孩子同样的业绩的。也就是说，即使国家向所有的学校都投入同样数量的金钱，那些过去贫穷的学区，其孩子能够成就气候的比例和人数，也会远远低于那些过去富有的学区的孩子能够做到的。责任和原因，当然还是出在自己的父母亲和先辈身上。习惯的改变，不是一代人就能够完成的！也就是说，投资对象的改变，投资的回报效果会非常的不同。为什么：有的人天生就是“失败者”，这种失败的必然性，还真的就刻在他们的骨髓里了。而这种雕刻，实际上就是遗传基因和后天家庭言传身教的结果。你

4、添加教育经费，可以换掉老师和设备，但是，你是不可能换掉孩子的父母亲的。而他们给予孩子的影响力，又是学校所不可比的。根据我几十年的所见所闻，对此感触真的很深。同样的工作机会，有的人会兢兢业业，做的像模像样。而有的人就是习惯于吊儿郎当，自己摧毁自己的机会。这不仅是聪明与愚蠢之差，而且，更重要的还在于习惯和态度的差别。更多的，当然还是小时候所生活环境不同所获得影响的差异。这样的人，和这样的人养育的子女，又怎么可能成就气候呢（虽然不是绝对，但是，机会会是微乎其微）。所以，一个社会，保持一定程度的差距，文化的，经济的，教育的，生活水准的，还是非常必要。不然，即使是像希腊这样有着古老文明的国家，不也是会被

5、平均化给摧毁掉吗。注意到，这里的家庭收入（Income）应该是指一个家庭所有收入在支付税款之后的余额，有点像一个家庭这个“企业”的税后价值增加额。而家庭“工作收入”（Earning），则应该是一个家庭在一年之内的薪水方面的收入，基本上是来自当年的因工作而得的收入。有些读者对这两个概念有些误解，就此不能接受为什么中间收入17.7万的地区，居然会有52%的家庭工作进账高于20万的“荒唐事”。我还是觉得，这里附录的英文文章的数据是可信的，而且，应该还是比较新的数据。而通过谷歌查出的很多数据，很可能只是“陈年老账”而已。再者，还需注意到，那些贫穷的学区，多是（我只是抽查了几个，全部是）一些边远的小镇，

6、人口很少，基本上还都是白人为主。也就是一帮被现代经济进步遗忘掉的“老”老美。而那些富裕的学区，基本上又都是大阔佬们居住的地方，他们之中很多人都是大公司的大头，拿着高薪，住的地方也很优美。手机软件开发不过，不论如何，大家讨论和争论时，还是得客客气气，就事论事，以理服人。就此，大家都有进步的机会，交流才会更有乐趣。在这里写博客，主要还是为了一个“乐子”而已。Americas Richest SchoolDistrictsJune 6, 2012 by 247wallstThe average income of Americans differs by state, county, city an

7、d ZIP code, obviously. At each level, the amount residents earn every year impacts available government services, health and overall quality of life. This is especially true when education is examined by school district.24/7 Wall St. analyzed Census data from 2006 through 2010 for each of the more t

8、han 10,000 unified school districts in the United States. Wealth appears to have an outsized effect on education at the local level. Residents that live in wealthy school districts have among the best schools in the nation based on graduation rates, test scores and independent ratings of academic su

9、ccess. Children who attend these schools are more likely to earn a college degree than the national average. To illustrate the influence wealth and poverty have on educational attainment, 24/7 Wall St. examined the wealthiest and poorest school districts in the country.Nearly all of the wealthiest s

10、chool districts are within ashortdistance of one of the richest cities in the country. Other than one suburb of Portland, Ore., all of thewealthiest school districts are commuter towns of New York City, located in either Fairfield County, Conn., or Westchester County, N.Y. The poorest districts are

11、rural communities scattered all over the country, from Ohio and Kentucky to Texas and Mississippi.Compared to the national median income, the families in the most well-off districts are incredibly wealthy. In the 10 richest school districts, median incomes ranged from $175,766 to $238,000. By compar

12、ison, the national median household income from 2006 to 2010 was $51,914. Among the 10 wealthiest districts, between 48% and 64% earned $200,000. Nationally, only 5.4% of households earned more than that.Median income in the poorest school districts was just as extreme. Annual median incomes in thos

13、e districts ranged from $16,607 to $18,980, well below $22,314, the national poverty line for a household of four. In San Perlita Independent School District in Texas, one of the poorest districts in the country, 30% of residents earned less than $10,000 each year.According to the National Center of

14、 Education Statistics, all of thewealthiest school districts spend far more per pupil than the national average. The Darien, Conn., public school district spends $15,433 per student per year, more than 50% above the U.S. average of $10,591. The Edgemont, N.Y., public school spends more than $25,000

15、per student annually. Barbourville, Ky., the poorest school district, spends less than one-third that amount.Not surprisingly, the richest schools are consideredbetter than the poorest schools, based on measures used by the media to rank academic success. All of the richest school districts were inc

16、luded in the 2012U.S. News & World ReportBest High Schools list, except for Bronxville, which was ranked fourth inNewsweeks Top 20 High Schools in the Northeast.U.S. Newsbasedits rankings on state test scores and college readiness, whileNewsweeks methodology included graduation rates, college accept

17、ance and AP exams. The poorest school districts did not fare as well. Only two were included in theU.S. Newsrankings.On a national level, nearly half of all property tax revenue goes to public school funding. As a result, most districts rely heavily on local funding. In the richest school districts,

18、 up to 90% of the school district budget is from residents taxes. Homeowners in these regions pay an average of $18,000 in Weston, Conn. to $43,000 in Bronxville, N.Y. Bronxvilles average property tax bill alone is more than twice the median household income of any of the poorest school districts on

19、 this list. By comparison, as little as 6% of school revenue is generated by local taxes in the poorest school districts, with state and federal funding making up the difference.24/7 Wall St. used the U.S. Census Bureaus American Community Survey from 2006 to 2010 to measure the economic conditions

20、of more than 10,000 unified school districts across the United States. After eliminating the districts with fewer than 10 school-aged children, those that are not unified and those that do not provide a K-12 curriculum,we identified the 10 districts with the highest median incomeamong residentsand t

21、he 10 with the lowest median income. We also considered income distribution, the percentage of children living in poverty, median home values and the percentages of adults holding high school and bachelor degrees in these school districts. From housing information site Trulia, we obtained academic t

22、est scores in all of thedistricts. Information on academic performance for each district also was based on the 2012U.S. NewsBest High Schools, the 2012NewsweekTop High Schools and individual district websites. 24/7 Wall St. contacted assessors offices to obtain average property taxes paid in these a

23、reas and relied on the National Center of Education Statistics for information on school funding.These are the richest school districts in America.The Richest School Districtsin America10) Darien School District, Conn. Median household income:$175,766 Pct. households earning $200,000+:52.5% Pct. hou

24、seholds earning less than $10,000:1.4% Expenditure per student:$18,047 Pct. local funding:86%With a median income of $177,766, the Darien School District is one of the wealthiest in the country. According to an estimate from the Darien Assessors Office, home buyers can expect to pay approximately$15

25、,000 per year in property taxes. According to the NCES, 86% of school funding comes from property taxes and other local revenue sources. This allows the district to spend $18,047 per student,which ismore than $7,000 more than the national average. The districts students regularly performwell on stat

26、e exams. On the 2008-2009 Connecticut Academic Performance Tests, close to 100% of 10th-gradestudents from the district demonstrated proficiencyin reading and writing, while the average Connecticut school had 80% to 90% proficiency.U.S. Newsranked the districts high school seventh in the state of Co

27、nnecticut.9) Bronxville Union Free School District, N.Y. Median household income:$178,465 Pct. households earning $200,000+:55.6% Pct. households earning less than $10,000:1.8% Expenditure per student:$27,980 Pct. local funding:84%Not only is median household income in Bronxville an impressive $178,

28、465, but over half of all households earn more than $200,000 a year. The average homeowner pays $43,000 in property taxes each year, which the district uses to fund 84% of the school budget. This year,Newsweekranked Bronxville High School as the fourth-best public high school in the Northeast, due i

29、n part to the schools 100% graduation and college matriculation rates.8) New Canaan School District, Conn. Median household income:$179,338 Pct. households earning $200,000+:54.5% Pct. households earning less than $10,000:0.7% Expenditure per student:$18,915 Pct. local funding:87%The New Canaan Scho

30、ol District has five schools with a total enrollment of 4,136. The median home sales price in New Canaan has remained above $1 million since 2009, with property taxes of $14,682 to match. Nearly 100% of the students in the district have achieved at least a proficient level on the Connecticut Academi

31、c Performance Test administered to grades 3 through 10. Because of its ample funds, the school district offers a variety of classes not available at most schools, including computer science and journalism. New Canaan is rankedas the 15th-best school in Connecticut byU.S. News.7) Edgemont Union Free

32、School District, N.Y. Median household income:$180,042 Pct. households earning $200,000+:50.2% Pct. households earning less than $10,000:2.2% Expenditure per student:$21,825 Pct. local funding:81%In Edgemont Union Free School District, more than half of all households earn $200,000 a year or more. Accordingly, residents in Scarsdale, in whichthe school district is located, pay quitea bit in property taxes $31,000 a year on average. These high taxes result i