BFT写作资料.docx

1、BFT写作资料一 遣词造句1. 1词的层次从写作风格来讲，英文单词至少包含两个层次：正式的和非正式的。正式的词汇常出现在理论著作，文献档案，正式的演讲当中。非正式的词汇又涉及到“普通用语”和“口头用语（俚语，方言等）”，其中后者在BFT写作考试中极少出现。EXAMPLE 1词的层次The cost may be upwards of a figure rather below $10 million.The cost may be nearly $10 million.It may cost about $10 million.Will you be good enough to advise

2、 him whether he should accept the invitation?Please tell him whether he should accept the invitation.Let him know whether he accepts the invitation or not.We request the honor of your presence.We expect that you will be present.We hope you come.EXAMPLE 21 正式用语National security adviser Condoleezza Ri

3、ce testifies before the 9.11 commission Thursday morning to rebut charges that Bush administration failed to recognize the emerging threat of terrorism and later flubbed its response. (CNN, April 8)EXAMPLE 22 -普通用语Future leaders need to be full of knowledge, energy, patience, and love for getting in

4、volved as well as enjoying helping others get involved.EXAMPLE 31 正式用语Dear Dr. James Wallace: I am a new student from China and this is my first week at Central Illinois University. While I am excited about beginning my academic studies here, and while the one-day orientation was very helpful, I am

5、still feeling lost and need a lot of help. I have experienced difficulties in getting to places, buying textbooks, and finding my classrooms because the campus is too big. I believe that many other students must have experienced the same difficulties.EXAMPLE 32 普通用语Dear Qing: Guess how Ive spent my

6、first week here? Like a headless fly, drifting along aimlessly. Im already homesick. Ah, how I miss the spicy beef soup you used to cook! Still remember the time we spent together climbing to the top of the Fragrant Hill? Now I understand what you mean by “East, west, home is the best.” I really mis

7、s you and our son. Here I dont know how to do the simplest things in the world, like buying textbooks, finding my classrooms.EXAMPLE 33口头用语Ill attend to that myself in th morning. Ill like keer oim. He aint from this country nohow. Ill go down there in th morning and see im. Lettin you leave your bo

8、oks and gallivant all over th hills. What kind of a school is it nohow! Didnt do that, my son, when Is a little shaver in school.辨别正式句子的特定标志1. Participial phrases（分词短语）: Badly defeated in the match, the team returned in low spirits.2. Nominative absolute construction（名词性独立结构）: Africa is the second l

9、argest continent, its size being about three times that of China.3. Adjectival/adverbial phrases placed before the subject（主语前面的形容词性/副词性短语）: A famous professor of biology, Dr. Jones was the new president of the company.4. Parenthetical remarks（插入式说明）: All the people presentChairman Smith, Professor

10、Brown, James and the secretary supported the motion.5. A series of nouns, verbs, or adjectives（名词，动词或形容词的并列连用）: She has experienced low and hate, grief and happiness.练习I 要求大家仔细对比以下各组词汇，并用他们造句，辨别它们的正式性与非正式性。找出更多的例子。AbandonQuitReviewGo overEccentricStrangeDiePass awayTerminateEndConstructSet upIdentic

11、alSameSupportBack upCeaseStopInvestigateLook intoManipulateControlShuttleShoot upMissionJobOrbitMove aroundRemoteFarCancelCall off以下是我们提供给大家的更多例子(大家可以从有英文解释的字典上再找一些)：abandon-give upabdicate-give up, resignabridge- shortenaccompany- go withaccomplish- carry outaccurate- correctacknowledge- admit, exp

12、ress thanks foracquire- gainadjacent - next toalternation - changeanticipate- expectapproximately- aboutassistance- helpattractive- pleasingauthentic- realavailable - readyII 按照第一和第六题的例子，用自己的话改写句子，并与原句作比较。1. The contestants focused less on content than on language (Formal words: contestants, content

13、, language, focus on, less than).The speakers pay more attention to how their speeches were made than to what their speeches are about. (后者没有前者正式)2. Shyness may mean greater disease risk (shyness, mean, disease, risk).3. Earth-bound law is complicated enough; imagine what its like when we venture fa

14、rther our (earth-bound, complicated, imagine, venture).4. American youth, once famed for well-nourished, are shrinking (youth, famed for, well-nourished, shrinking).5. Today, being cool is more multi-faceted, involving everything from spikes on ones shoes to the things on ones mobile phone screen (m

15、ulti-faceted, involving).6. Please let us know if there is one double and two single rooms in your hotel from Monday 1 May through Friday 5 May.Please indicate if you have one double and two single rooms available from Monday 1 May to Friday 5 May inclusive. (后者包含一些更为正式的单词: indicate, available, incl

16、usive)7. Sorry, we dont have rooms viewing the sea as you need.8. Well take part in display at CHINA INDUSTRIAL FAIR and need to book rooms in your hotel for my company members.9. Last time I enjoyed my stay in Lidu Hotel very much, and I like to have the rooms facing quiet lake in the near park.10.

17、 Whatever job you are doing, do things according to unwritten rules in an office.III 根据以下段落的文体选择适当的词。Paragraph 1: On the formal occasion (occasion/conditions) you should _(address / call) the chairman or host first, followed by the names or titles of any VIPs or dignitaries in _ (falling / descendin

18、g) order. For example, “Madam Chairman, Vice-governor Liu, President Li, Vice-President Chen, ladies and gentlemen.”Paragraph 2: While thanking a speaker, on behalf of the _(listeners/audience) for his or her speech, you may _ (start with/say): “I am delighted to _ (thank/been _ (privileged / glad)

19、to hear.”Paragraph 3: When you are to introduce the speaker to the audience, speak for 2 to 4 minutes, and make sure that you have the correct name and information. “_ (It is my great pleasure/Im glad) to welcome Mr. Pan to our university. Mr. Pan comes from Hope University. He is a _ (renowned auth

20、ority / well-known scholar) on Business. We are very _ (privileged/lucky) that he has been able to _ (get/spare) the time to come to speak to us today and we are _ (hoping/looking forward) to hearing what he has to say. Please give Mr. Pan a very warm welcome.” Paragraph 4:As the world grows smaller

21、 with new developments in communication and information technology, leadership education must be _ (emphasized/paid more attention to) and _ (taught/addressed) from a _ (cross-cultural/nation-to-nation) and global _ (point of view/perspective).Paragraph 5:As an IRS worker explained to me, “Almost ev

22、eryone who comes in here is _ (angry/hostile). Instead of _ (taking offense/making them unhappy), weve posted bulletin boards with comic strips that _ (poke fun/make a joke) at the IRS, which we jokingly call the Income Removal Service. When taxpayers see these, their attitudes _ (become better / ch

23、ange for the better).1. 2词的含义正确理解一个词的含义对于在写作中熟练选择和使用这个词是极其重要的。最好要弄懂这个词在英文中的内涵和外延。一个词的内涵是指起表达的情感或概念，也可以通过上下文来理解。因此，正确的区分同义词对于写作非常重要。EXAMPLE 1同义词: mistake, fault, shortcoming, error, defect, blundermistake: A wrong thought or act. It implies carelessness. Anyone can make a mistake.fault: A bad point,

24、but not of a serious moral kind. It refers to behavior and character. His only fault is that he lacks ambition. (find fault with sb. / at fault)shortcoming: Weakness, failing. It refers to failures or deficiencies in things as well as people. In spite of all her shortcomings I still think shes one o

25、f the best teachers in the school.error: A mistake (formal, sometimes literary). It implies deviation from a standard of model. The accident was caused by a human error.defect: sth. Lacking or imperfect. It refers to quality. The radio was returned because of a defect.blunder: A very stupid or unnec

26、essary mistake. It implies ignorance. This is the fatal blunder of his life.EXAMPLE 2同义词: refute, counter, controvertto refute: to prove sth. Wrong with argument or evidence. This word has a formal sense and legal implications. You can refute a person, a theory, or an argument.Condoleezza Rice goes

27、before the national commission investigating the 9.11 attacks on Thursday to refute Clarkes claim that the US president fought a war on terrorism in an ineffective way.Financial Times, April 8to counter: to defend oneself against something. Different from refuteimplying the act of proving something

28、wrong, counter pays more emphasis on physical act of attacking, as clearly shown in the compound adjective: “counter-terrorism activities”. Hazel Blears, a junior minister in Britains Home Office, or interior ministry, has been put in charge of the departments counter-terrorism activities.AFP, April

29、 8to controvert: to deny the truth of something. It is formal and is generally found in written form. It is commonly seen in the negative adjective formincontrovertible, meaning undeniable.Fortunately for him, his wife was able to provide incontrovertible evidence that he was nowhere near the crime

30、scene at the time of the murder.21st Century练习I 研究讨论以下的同义词*periodtime(s)epocheraage*fightstrugglecampaigncombat-battlewar *paintingdrawingsketchdiagramgraphillustrationdraftplanelevation-chart*crush-smashcrackburstshattercrash*shudder-shakequivertrembleshiverquakeII 选择适当的词填空A. occurhappentake place1

31、. Mistakes _ occurs _ on every page in this book.2. It _ occur _ to him that she had no his telephone number.3. The accident _ took place _ on Saturday afternoon.4. I dont expect such thing may _ happen .B. outouteroutside1. The _ of the house is painted white.2. The child is curious about anything in _ space.3. Did anyone call me when I was _ ?C. pleasepleasedpleasant1. Come whenever y