高考英语二轮复习高考押题专题06 非谓语动词讲学案.docx

1、高考英语二轮复习高考押题专题06 非谓语动词讲学案非谓语动词是高中英语教学的重点和难点，也是历届高考的重点项目。命题热点多是借助于基本概念，在语境中考查常用动词的各种非谓语形式以及个性动词后的非谓语形式。有时也涉及非谓语动词逻辑主语的一致性问题以及独立主格结构中非谓语的各种变化。其考点主要包括：1考查对谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别，要求明确句子的结构和意义，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。2考查不定式和动名词作宾语的区别，要求掌握一些常见动词后面所接宾语的形式。3考查非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语时的区别，尤其是不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语所表示的不同时间、逻辑关系和意义。现在分词和不定式作结果状

2、语时的区别应引起足够重视。4考查非谓语动词的否定式、完成式、被动式及复合结构，要求掌握其构成形式、所表示的时间以及逻辑关系。一、非谓语动词作状语1不定式作状语不定式作状语通常表示：(1)原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后)；(2)目的(可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首)；(3)结果(常表出乎意料的结果，常为only to do)。We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)To get there on time I got up very early.(目的)He rushed to sc

3、hool only to find there was nobody there.(结果)2现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.由于不知怎么办才好，他去找他父母帮忙。(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。(3)部分过去分

4、词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didnt hear the sound.3独立主格结构作状语如果分词作状语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，须在分词前面加上它自己的主语，这种结构叫独立主格结构，其作用相当于状语从句；有时也用with复合结构(with宾语宾语补足语)作状语。(

5、1)名词/主格代词现在分词名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系。The girl staring at him(As the girl stared at him)，he didnt know what to say.女孩两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。(2)名词/主格代词过去分词名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。The problems solved(As the problems were solved)，the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。(3)名词/主格代词不定式名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动

6、作。He is going to make a model plane，some old parts to help.借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。(4)with复合结构(with宾语宾语补足语)作状语，是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式作宾语补足语，关键是看宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系。With time passing by(time和pass之间为主动关系)，he almost forgot everything in the past.随着时间的流逝，他几乎忘记了过去所有的事情。He sat on the chair，with his hands tied(hands和tie之

7、间为被动关系)behind his back.他坐在椅子上，双手在背后捆着。二、非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语1非谓语动词作主语(1)Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.(动名词作主语)(2)To see is to believe.(不定式作主语)(3)It is important to respect people.(不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语)(4)It is no use crying over spilt milk.(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)2非谓语动词作表语(1

8、)动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质，回答what引导的问句。(2)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作或表示将来的动作。3非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾语的主要是不定式和动名词(1)afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语。(2)appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep

9、，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语。(3)以下动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同。动词接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾语remember记得曾做过某事记得要做某事forget忘记曾做过某事忘记要做某事try尝试做某事努力做某事regret对做过的事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾mean意味着做某事企图(打算)做某事cant help禁不住做某事不能帮助做某事go on继续做未完成的事做完一件事后，接着做另一件事stop中断正在做的事中断正在做的事，去做别的事【特别提醒】1动名词作宾语时，可以带逻辑主语。此时

10、，逻辑主语可以是物主代词、人称代词的宾格或所有格。Do you mind my/me reading your paper?你介意我看你的考卷吗？2作宾语的动名词和不定式除了一般式和主动式，还有完成式、被动式。 完成式表示该动作比谓语动作先发生。否定式在doing/to do前加not。(1)I regret not having taken her advice.(not须放在having前)我感到遗憾，没有听从她的建议。(2)They couldnt stand being treated like that.他们不能忍受被那样对待。(3)He decided to help me but

11、 I pretended to have finished my job.他决定帮我，但我假装已经完成工作了。三、非谓语动词作定语1不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置，它与所修饰的名词或不定式代词存在主谓、动宾或同位关系。You are the third one to enter the room.(主谓关系)I have something important to say.(动宾关系)He has no opportunity to go abroad.(同位关系)2动名词作定语多前置，表示所修饰的事物的性能和用途。a reading room( a room for reading)3现在

12、分词作定语表主动和进行，可转换为定语从句。The question being discussed (which is being discussed) now is important.4过去分词作定语表被动和完成，也可转换为定语从句。The question discussed(which was discussed) yesterday is important.四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语1advise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等动词后面常用不定

13、式作补语。如：Tell the children not to play on the street.The police warned us not to go out at night.2make/let/have等使役动词后面用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动句中则使用带to的不定式。如：They make the students do too much homework every day.The students are made to do too much homework every day.3感官动词后面可用不带to的不定式或分词作补语。从时间上看，不定式表示发生或完成；现

14、在分词强调正在进行；过去分词表示完成。从逻辑关系上看，不定式和现在分词与宾语之间存在着主谓关系；过去分词与宾语之间存在着动宾关系。如：I saw him cross the street.我看到他穿过了大街。I saw him crossing the street.我看到他正在穿过大街。I saw him surrounded by a group of students.我看到一群学生围着他。五、非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式1非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。He pretended not to see me.I regret not following his adv

15、ice.Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam.2不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。当谓语动词表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式动作正在进行，不定式要用进行式。The boy pretended to be working hard.当不定式的动作在谓语动作发生时，不定式要用完成式。I happened to have seen the film.当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。The patient asked to be operated on at once.3动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语

16、的复合结构。We remembered having seen the film.He came to the party without being invited.He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.His not knowing English troubled him a lot.4现在分词的完成式和被动式。当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作发生时，现在分词要用完成式。Having done his homework，he played basketball.当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受

17、者时，现在分词要用被动式。The problem being discussed is very important.Having been told many times，the naughty boy made the same mistake.考点一、非谓语动词作状语例1、(2016新课标，63)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _(create)special designs.【答案】to create【解析】句意：熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。【变式探究】【

18、2015重庆】11. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way_ the sun and the stars.A. used B. having used C. using D. use【答案】C 【解析】句意：象古代的水手，鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到他们的路。Using是伴随状语。考点二、非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语例2、(2016新课标，67)My ambassadorial duties will include _(introduce)British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu a

19、nd others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.【答案】introducing【变式探究】【2015陕西】18. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken 【答案】B【解析】句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，Dr. Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。his

20、 mother和take care of是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语，所以选B。考点三、非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式例3、(2016新课标，63)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _(create)special designs.【答案】to create【解析】句意：熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。【变式探究】【2015浙江】18. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it

21、live is quite another. A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed【答案】D【解析】句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb/sth doing 表听到某人某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。分析4个选项知道，答案所使用的是同一个动词，不同的是时态、语态或者是非谓语形式。 A是动词原形，B是非谓语现在分词形式，C是非谓语的不定式，D是非谓语的现在分词被动形式。分析句子结构以及用法，不难知道音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。1（2017江苏卷）Man

22、y Chinese brands, _ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。brands是逻辑主语，和develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状况；再根据over centuries可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故选A。2（2017江苏卷）21. Many Chinese brands, _

23、 their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing【答案】A3（2017北京）Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _ their valuable time.A. save B. savingC. to save D. saved【答案】C【

24、解析】 句意：许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。此处是动词不定式表目的，故选C。4（2017北京）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _ from butterflies to elephants.A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged【答案】A【解析】句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。5（2017北京）Jim has retired, but he still remember

25、 the happy time _ with his students.A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent【答案】D【解析】句意：Jim已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有了谓语，空格只能填非谓语动词，逻辑主语是time，和spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词spent。6（2017天津）The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _ more patients to be treated.A. being allowed B. allowing

26、C. having allowed D. allowed【答案】B7（2017天津）I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _.A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught【答案】C【解析】句意：在整个会议期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要去敢火车。根据上文判断出as引导原因状语从句，根据have在本句中，词义为“有”，根据固定结构 Sb have sth to do 某人又某事要做（在本句中to do 由主语完成），根据句意判断出本句符合本结构。故选C

27、。1(2016新课标，66).a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter_(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.【答案】permitted【解析】句意：那时我是第一个被允许拍摄一个特殊的关于照料的单元的西方电视台记者。TV reporter和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。2(2016新课标，67)My ambassadorial duties will i

28、nclude _(introduce)British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.【答案】introducing【解析】句意：我的大使职责将包括把英国参观者介绍给成都的120多只大熊猫及其他一些在碧峰峡雾山中一个研究中心里的熊猫们。include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。3(2016新课标，49)If you find something you love doing outside of t

29、he office，youll be less likely _(bring)your work home.【答案】to bring【解析】句意：如果你在办公室外面发现了你喜欢做的事情，你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。4(2016新课标，63)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _(create)special designs.【答案】to create【解析】句意：熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。5(2016新课标，

30、64)People probably cooked their food in large pots，_(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.【答案】using6(2016四川， 64)For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something _(eat)!【答案】to eat【解析】句意：她25天都没有离开过她的孩子，甚至没找吃的东西。修饰不定代词something应用动词不定式作后置定语。7(2016浙江，1)Are you sure youre ready for the test?No problem.Im well _(prepare)for it.【答案】prepared【解析】句意：你确定你准备好考试了吗？没问题。我已经做好准备了。I作主语，be动词后要接动词的ed形式充当表语。8(2016浙江，10)To return to the problem of water pollution，Id like you to look at a study _(conduct)in Australia in 2012.【答案】conducted【解析】句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。这里用过去分词表示被动和完成，充当定语修饰前面的名词study。9