1、高考英语 语法复习高分巧突破 第1部分 谓语 时态和语态板块二谓语集释 时态和语态 20112013课标区高考考点统计考情解读 年数 量 份考 点201320122011合计从三年高考来看,谓语动词时态的考查已从一般过去时的一枝独秀向考查的更均衡发展。命题角度主要有三:一是直接给出时间状语,学生可以根据所给出的时间状语直接作出选择;二是给出时间状语,但所给的时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性,这时学生要通过分析语境作出正确选择;三是题干中不提供任何时间状语,而是给出一个结构较为复杂的句子,这时学生必须仔细分析语境才能作出正确判断。总之,学生要学会“语境分析”。一般过去时4101125一般现在时6
2、5415现在完成时53311过去进行时42511现在进行时3339一般将来时2338现在完成进行时1225过去完成时1304将来进行时1124将来完成时0112过去将来时0101过去将来完成时0011一般现在时与现在进行时的比较1(2013北京高考)Hurry up! Mark and Carol _ us.Aexpect Bare expectingChave expected Dwill expect解析:选B考查时态。句意:快点!马克和卡罗尔正在等我们。依据逻辑推理可知,说话人之所以催促是因为马克和卡罗尔正在等待他们,所以用现在进行时。2(2013陕西高考)On Monday morni
3、ngs it usually _ me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.Atakes Bis takingCtook Dwill take解析:选A考查动词时态。句意:在星期一的早上,开车上班经常要花费我一个小时,虽然实际的距离仅仅20英里。根据句意可判断出,这里叙述的是一个经常性的情况,所以用一般现在时。3(2012新课标全国卷)“Life is like walking in the snow”, Granny used to say, “because every step _.
4、”Ahas shown Bis showingCshows Dshowed解析:选C考查动词时态。一般现在时表示经常性的动作,空白处所在句的句意:因为每一步都显示/证明出来。show意为“显示,证明,表明”。一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或永久性的状态;现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作,或现阶段一直进行的动作(说话时未必正在做)。Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.青少年正在损害自己的健康,因为他们玩的电脑游戏太多了。Around two oclock every night,
5、 Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat bothers us.(2013湖南高考)每天晚上两点左右,苏就说梦话。这使我们有点烦心。一般现在时与现在完成时的比较1(2013新课标全国卷)When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I _ my mind.Ahave changed BchangeChad changed Dwould change解析:选A考查时态。句意:当我第一次见到布莱恩时,我不喜欢他。但是,我已经改变主意了。根据句意可知,说话人现在已经改变主意了,因此应用现在完成时。2
6、(2013新课标全国卷)If we _ now to protect the environment, well live to regret it.Ahadnt acted Bhavent actedCdont act Dwont act解析:选C考查时态。句意:如果我们现在不行动起来保护环境的话,将来会后悔的。题干含有if引导的条件状语从句,主句为一般将来时,从句应用一般现在时,故选C。3(2013湖南高考)Have you heard about the recent election?Sure, it _ the only thing on the news for the last
7、three days.Awould be BisChas been Dwill be解析:选C考查动词的时态。句意:“你听说有关最近选举的消息了吗?”“当然了,这可是最近三天唯一的新闻事件。”根据时间状语“for the last three days”可知,该句用现在完成时。一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或永久性的状态;现在完成时则强调过去发生的动作到现在已完成,或过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。I do all the cooking for my family, but recently I have been too busy to do it.通常由我给家人做饭,但最近我太忙了,没时间
8、做。一般过去时与现在完成时的比较1(2013江苏高考)What about your selfdrive trip yesterday?Tiring! The road is being widened, and we _ a rough ride.Ahad BhaveCwould have Dhave had解析:选A考查时态。根据问句中的yesterday可知,此处应用一般过去时。2(2011湖南高考)It is the most instructive lecture that I _ since I came to this school. Aattended Bhad attende
9、d Cam attending Dhave attended 解析:选D考查时态。句意:这是我到这所学校以来听过的最有教育意义的演讲。根据后面的状语从句since I came to this school 可知, 此处应用现在完成时态。 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或情况,常与过去时间状语连用。而现在完成时表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或情况,常与一段时间连用;一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或情况,与现在没什么联系;现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与already,ever, never, yet, just等词连用。I felt very tired when
10、I got home, and I went straight to bed.(2013重庆高考)我到家时感到很累,就直接上床睡觉了。Have you seen my dictionary?Yes, I saw it on your bed yesterday.你见过我的词典吗?是的,我昨天看见在你床上。一般过去时与过去完成时的比较1(2013辽宁高考)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all, he _ it for a very long time.Ahas had Bhad had Chas Dhad解析:选B考查时态。根据句中的w
11、as和sold可知,他拥有这把吉他已经很长一段时间了,“拥有”这个动作是截止到过去的,而不是截止到现在,所以不能选择A项或C项。表示过去的过去应该用过去完成时,故选B。2(2013安徽高考)Im calling about the apartment you _ the other day. Could you tell me more about it?Aadvertised Bhad advertisedCare advertising Dwill advertise解析:选A考查时态。根据题干中的Im calling可知,主句的时间定位为现在,空格处为定语从句的谓语动词,根据其中的时间状
12、语the other day可知,此处应用一般过去时,故选A。一般过去时表示动作发生在过去;而过去完成时表示在过去某个动作发生之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态,即“过去的过去”。 I had intended to call on you, but I had an unexpected visitor.我本来打算去看你,但是来了一位不速之客。 Tom and I became friends in 2000, although we had actually met several years before.汤姆和我在2000年成为朋友,尽管在这几年前我们就见过面。一般过去时与过去进行时
13、的比较1(2013江西高考) I to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel. A.come B.came C.am coming D.was coming解析:选D考查时态。句意:那天晚些时候我本来想拜访你,但我不得不打电话取消了。根据题干中的but I had to phone and cancel可知,我并没有去拜访你,只是打算去,故用过去将来时,选D项。2(2012北京高考)Our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed.Ahad developed B
14、was developingCwould develop Ddeveloped解析:选D考查时态。句意:在随后的几周里,我们的友谊迅速发展。根据本句的时间状语over the weeks that followed可知,这里叙述的是过去发生的事情,所以用一般过去时。一般过去时仅说明动作发生在过去,不强调动作的延续性;而过去进行时则强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。After Jack had sent some emails, he started working on his project.(2012山东高考)杰克发了一些电子邮件后,就开始做起他的项目。Did you catch what
15、 I said?Sorry. I was answering a text message just now.(2012四川高考)你听懂我所说的了吗?对不起,我刚刚在回短信。一般将来时与将来进行时的比较1(2013江苏高考)Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure. I _ a report at home.Awill be writing Bwill have writtenChave written Dhave been writing解析:选A根据第一句中出现的时间状语tomorrow morning可知,“在家写报告”是将来正要做的事情,所以
16、用将来进行时。2(2012湖南高考)Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you.Asaw Bhave seenCwill see Dare seeing解析:选C考查特殊句式“祈使句and 陈述句”。句意:关闭了恐惧之门,那么信心之门就会在你面前打开。“祈使句and 陈述句”句式中的陈述句常用将来时。一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态;而将来进行时强调将来某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。I am busy reviewing my lessons because I w
17、ill have an exam tomorrow.我正忙着复习,因为明天要考试。I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I will be flying to Shanghai.(2012辽宁高考)我感觉很兴奋!明早的这个时候我将飞往上海。现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较1(2013山东高考)Oh no! Were too late. The train _.Thats OK. Well catch the next train to London.Awas leaving Bhad leftChas left Dhas been l
18、eaving解析:选C考查动词时态。根据“Were too late.”和“Well catch the next train”可知,火车已经开走了,由于leave这一动作对现在造成了一定的影响,所以用现在完成时。2(2013福建高考)The girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.Atook Bis takingCtakes Dhas been taking解析:选D考查动词的时态。句意:这个女生酷爱运动,在过去的三年里她每周上两次羽毛球
19、课。over the last three years表示“在过去的三年里”,常与现在完成进行时连用,强调反复的不间断动作。现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态到现在已经完成,侧重于结果或影响;而现在完成进行时则表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在,并且还在进行,强调动作的延续性。This disease has dropped considerably in the past few years. 近几年这种病的发病率大大降低了。The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9
20、am.(2012全国卷)自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人如何改善这一方案。be going to与will表将来的比较1(2012北京高考)By the time you have finished this book, your meal_ cold.Agets Bhas gotCwill get Dis getting解析:选C考查时态。句意:到你读完这本书的时候,你的饭就将凉了。根据前半句中的内容可知,这里叙述的是将来的情况,所以用一般将来时。2(2009江苏高考)Ann is in hospital. Oh, really?I _know.I_go and visit her.Adid
21、nt; am going to Bdont; wouldCdont; will Ddidnt; will解析:选D考查动词的时态。从对话内容可知,说话人在说话前不知道Ann在住院,因此第一空应该使用一般过去时。去医院看她是临时做出的决定或安排,因此,第二空使用will。be going to则表示在说话前已经安排好要做某事,这与对话矛盾,故选项A错误。be going to表示按计划或安排将要发生的事情;而will不强调行为的计划性,多指临时的决定或安排。Mary is ill. I am going to visit her.Sorry, I didnt know. I will go wi
22、th you.玛丽病了,我打算去看她。抱歉我不知道,我和你一起去。1(2013济南二模)When are you leaving for Chicago?As soon as I _ the project.Aare completing Bcompleted Cwill complete Dcomplete解析:选D句意:“你什么时候去芝加哥?”“我一做完这项工程就去。”此处as soon as引导时间状语从句,用一般现在时表示将来。2(2013济宁市高三二模)See? The strange man I saw yesterday _ around my house again. Shou
23、ld I call the police?Awalk BwalkedChas walked Dis walking解析:选D句意:看,昨天我看到的那个奇怪的人又一次在我家周围到处走,我应该报警吗?此处表示现在正在进行的动作,用现在进行时。3(2013北京海淀一模)Hi, Lily.Dont forget to watch Im a Singer at 10:00 this Friday night!What a pity! I _ in a plane to Hainan for a meeting then.Awill sit Bwill be sittingCam sitting DSit
24、解析:选B句意:“嗨,莉莉,别忘了看本周五晚的节目我是歌手。”“真遗憾!那时我将正坐在飞往海南的飞机上。”此处表示将来某个时刻正在做某事,应用将来进行时。4(2013青岛二模)They _ to come to the meeting on time, but they were late again.Amean Bhad meantCmeans Dhave meant解析:选B句意:他们本打算按时来开会,但是他们又迟到了。此处mean表示的动作发生在were late之前,即“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。5(2013枣庄一模)Sorry! I _ a letter this morning
25、 and forgot all about the appointment.Awrote Bhave writtenCwas writing Dhad written解析:选C句意:对不起,我今天上午在写信,把约会的事全忘了。此处表示今天上午正在做某事,应用过去进行时。6(2013广西桂林中学模拟)I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _.Awent; was occurringBwent; was occurredCwas going; occurredDwas going; had occurr
26、ed解析:选C句意:我正在街上找地方停车,这时发生了事故。第一空表示过去某个时候正在做某事,用过去进行时;第二空表示某事发生在过去,用一般过去时。7(2013北京石景山区高三二模)Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday?No, but we _ to get in touch with them ever since.Ahave tried Bhad triedChave been trying Dhad been trying解析:选C句意:“你们找到了昨天在山中失踪的那对夫妇了吗?”“没有,但是从他们失踪后我们一直
27、试图与他们取得联系。”此处表示从过去某一刻一直在做某事,应用现在完成进行时。8(2013哈尔滨三中模拟)Wheres our phonebook? I have seen it many times these days, but .OK darling. I _ it for you if you want it at once.Aget Bam gettingCwill get Dam going to get解析:选C句意:“我们的电话本哪去了?这些天我见过很多次,但是。”“好吧,亲爱的,如果你想要,我马上去拿。”此处表示临时做出的决定,用will加动词原形。 通过“时态定义”解题准确理
28、解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。1(2012全国卷)Did you ask Sophia for help?I _ need to I managed perfectly well on my own.Awouldnt BdontCdidnt Dwont解析:选C考查时态。句意:“你让Sophia帮忙了吗?”“我不需要我自己完全能行。”结合问句的时态以及答语后半部分的时态可知,应用一般过去时。故C项正确。 2(2012安徽高考)Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _ some of its store
29、s open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.Akeeps BkeepChave kept Dhad kept解析:选A考查时态和主谓一致。句意:沃尔玛是美国最大的连锁超市之一,部分店从星期一到星期六24小时营业。根据句中的“is”可知,此处应用一般现在时,主语为Walmart,谓语动词要用第三人称单数,故选A。通过“时间标志词”解题做时态题时首先要在题干中寻找时间标志词,不同的时间状语代表动作发生的时间点或时间段的不同。常见时态的标志词有:1一般现在时:always, every time, now and then, occasionally, seldom, sometimes, usually等。2现在完成时:up to now, so far, recently, already, yet, in the pas
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