考研精编考研英语一真题含答案解析.docx

1、考研精编考研英语一真题含答案解析1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section Use of English The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is 1 the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of 2 breakdown is in the communication cycle. To

2、o often, careless use of words _3 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may _4 unfavorable reactions in the listener 5 interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down. 6_, inaccurate or indefinite words may make _7 di

3、fficult for the listener to understand the 8 which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 9 to explain or describe in a 10 that can be understood by his listeners. 1. A of B at C for D on2. A inaccessible B timely C likely D invalid

4、3. A encourages B prevents C destroys D offers4. A pass out B take away C back up D stir up5. A who B as C which D what6. A Moreover B However C Preliminarily D Unexpectedly7. A that B it C so D this8. A speech B sense C message D meaning9. A obscure B difficult C impossible D unable10. A case B mea

5、ns C method D waySection Reading ComprehensionPassage 1The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that th

6、ey want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is

7、 the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the me

8、chanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in

9、 short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the pri

10、ce and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system. The important factor in a private enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property) , and they are permitted to hire labor, gain c

11、ontrol over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free cont

12、ract with another private individual. 11. In Line 11, Para 1, “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means_. A Americans are never satisfied with their incomes B Americans tend to overstate their incomes C Americans want to have their incomes increased D Americans want to increase the

13、 purchasing power of their incomes 12. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that_. A producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production B consumers can express their demands through producers C producers decide the prices of products D supply and demand regulate prices 1

14、3. According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by_. A private property and rights concerned B manpower and natural resources control C ownership of productive resources D free contracts and prices 14. The passage is mainly about_. A how American goods are produced B how A

15、merican consumers buy their goods C how American economic system works D how American businessmen make their profits Passage 2One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, acr

16、oss the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless s

17、ociety” is not on the horizonits already here. While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. Th

18、is information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the m

19、ost efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which t

20、o develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and

21、more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. 15. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to_. A withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes B obtain more convenient services than other people do C enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper D cash money w

22、herever he wishes to 16. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that _. A in the future all the Americans will use credit cards B credit cards are mainly used in the United States today C nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash D it is now more convenient to use credit cards than

23、before 17. The phrase ring up sales (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means “_”. A make an order of goods B record sales on a cash register C call the sales manager D keep track of the goods in stock 18. What is this passage mainly about A Approaches to the commercial use of computers. B Conveniences

24、brought about by computers in business. C Significance of automation in commercial enterprises. D Advantages of credit cards in business. Passage 3Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For these children to develop to their full adult potential, thei

25、r education must be adapted to those differences. Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of t

26、he play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society s understandingthe knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.

27、Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that minor we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong

28、 feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities. “All men are created equal.” Weve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by

29、this countrys founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all childrenthe right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be smal

30、l or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all childrendisabled or notto an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are

31、exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs. 19. In Paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that _.A the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society B exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are C exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society D the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children 20. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that_. A