高中英语Unit2Sailingtheoceans单元综合测评人教版.docx

1、高中英语Unit2Sailingtheoceans单元综合测评人教版单元综合测评(二)(时间：100分钟；满分：120分).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)ARobert Ballard was born in 1942. From an early age, he loved the sea. Ballard grew up in Southern California. He spent his free time at the beach near his home. He enjoyed fishing and swimming. He even learned to d

2、ive.When Ballard wasnt at the ocean, he loved reading about it. At age 10, he read TwentyThousandLeaguesUndertheSea, a book which describes the undersea adventures of Captain Nemo. Ballard decided he wanted to be like Captain Nemo when he grew up. His parents helped him follow his dream.Ballard was

3、a hardworking student. He spent many years learning all he could about the ocean. By the age of 28, he was an expert. In 1970，he took a job as a scientist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts. There he studied underwater mountains of the Atlantic Ocean. He came up with ways to pred

4、ict volcanoes under the oceans. Working with other scientists, Ballard also found previously unknown sea animals. These animals lived far below the ocean s surface，where scientists had believed no animals could live. By the 1980s, Ballard s interests changed. He developed unmanned vehicles to explor

5、e the ocean bottom. His first find, the wellknown ship Titanic, made Ballard famous. He was not happy with just one big find, however.He looked forand foundother wellknown ships. One was the German battleship Bismarck. Another was the USS. Yorktown，an aircraft carrier (航空母舰) that sank during World W

6、ar .Today Robert Ballard is still an underwater explorer. He also heads an organization that encourages students to learn about science. Ballard hopes that some of the students will follow in his footsteps. After all, the worlds huge oceans are mostly unknown. Who knows what remains to be discovered

7、 under the sea?【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了Robert Ballard成为水下探险家的经过。1What was Ballards dream when he was young?ATo be a science teacher.BTo be a famous writer.CTo be an animal expert.DTo be an underwater explorer.【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Ballard decided he wanted to be like Captain Nemo when he grew up.”并结合第二段第二句

8、可知，他的梦想是成为水下探险家。【答案】D2When Ballard worked at Woods HoleOceanographic Institute, heAexplored the undersea world by shipBthought of ideas to predictunderwater volcanoesCfound some unknown sea animals aloneDset up an organization to teachstudents science【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第六句“He came up with ways to predic

9、t volcanoes under the oceans.”可知，他想出了预测水下火山爆发的方法。【答案】B3Which is the correct order of the events mentioned in the text about Ballard?aHe found the German battleship Bismarck.bHe read a book about Captain Nemo.cHe found the famous ship Titanic.dHe became an expert in science.Abcda BdbcaCbdca Ddcab【解析】

10、细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，他10岁时读了有关Nemo船长的书，根据第三段内容可知，他1970年时成为一名科学家；根据第四段内容可知，到20世纪80年代，他发现了泰坦尼克号，之后发现了德国俾斯麦号战舰。【答案】C4What can we learn from the text?ABallard was greatly influenced by TwentyThousandLeaguesUndertheSea.BBallard didnt like fishing and swimming in his childhood.CBallards parents felt disappoint

11、ed at his undersea adventures.DHuman beings have explored more than half of the sea.【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Robert Ballard读了海底两万里这本书使他明确了他的理想，并为之努力，最终获得了成功。因此这本书影响了他的一生。【答案】AB【导学号：15680043】Coral reefs(珊瑚礁)are not just beautiful to look at, but also very useful. They shelter nearly 25% of ocean life and

12、provide food for billions of people. However, like many other species, this amazing ecosystem(生态系统)is in danger of dying out!There are two main reasons for the destructionthe rising carbon dioxide levels caused by global warming as well as human influences like bottom operation. While not much can b

13、e done about the former, the loss caused by the latter can be reduced.Bottom operation involves dropping nets to the ocean bed and then dragging them up when filled with fish. This action damaged the ocean floor, causing the coral branches to separate from the reefs. While that is very discouraging,

14、 the good news is that if these branches are found quickly, they can be saved. At present, that work is being performed by volunteer divers. But the method has only limited success because they cannot stay long underwater, nor reach depths of over 200 meters where some of the deepsea coral grows.How

15、ever, this is not the case for Coralbotsthe robots that can constantly seek out broken branches. A team of coralbots， each individually working to simple rules will piece together damaged bits of coral, allowing them to regrow. They are programmed to be able to distinguish between other things and t

16、he coral. The robots work together in groups, similar to bees. If one coralbot is damaged then the others will still be able to complete the task.Dr LeaAnne Henry said: “The project of using coralbots offers us the possibility to restore(修复) the function of reefs. It is in the final stage of testing

17、. Once ready, the researchers hope to build hundreds of them and use them effectively in the waters off Scotland and then hopefully in the oceans across the world.”【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。美丽的珊瑚礁不仅在维系海洋生态平衡方面起着十分重要的作用，它与我们的日常生活也息息相关。对于面临灭绝的珊瑚礁我们能做点什么呢？5Which of the following is a cause of the danger that coral

18、 reefs are facing?AThe appearance of new creatures.BThe seriously polluted sea water.CThe activities of volunteer divers.DHuman activities like bottom operation.【解析】事实细节题。根据第二段首句中的“.as well as human influences like bottom operation.”可知答案为D。【答案】D6Compared with volunteer divers, coralbotsAcan stay lon

19、ger underwaterBmust work as bees doCcan distinguish what is coralDcan never be damaged【解析】推理判断题。由第三段可知，目前修复受损珊瑚礁的工作由潜水志愿者完成。但他们因为不能长时间待在水下而使工作效果大打折扣。再结合第四段首句可知机器人在水下停留的时间会长些。故答案为A。【答案】A7What does the underlined word“them” in the last paragraph refer to?ACoralbots. BBroken branches.CWorking bees. DBi

20、ts of coral.【解析】词义猜测题。由上文可知，修复受损珊瑚礁的机器人目前还处于调试阶段。结合语境可以推断，一旦调试完毕，研究者们希望批量生产这种机器人。因此答案为A。【答案】A8We can infer from the passage thatAbottom operation has affected most underwater creaturesBbroken branches of coral can regrow if saved in timeChundreds of the coralbots have worked well in the oceansDwith

21、the coralbots all damaged coral reefs can be restored【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段首句可知A项没有依据；由最后一段可知这种机器人尚未正式投入使用，故排除C项；由于D项中的all一词过于绝对，此项也不可选。而根据倒数第二段中的“.constantly seek out broken branches”和“.piece together damaged bits of coral，allowing them to grow.”可知答案为B。【答案】BC(2015北京高考)Life in the ClearTransparent animals

22、let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3，300 feet as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a sci

23、entist in biology, says，“These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless theyre eating it, or unless something is eating them.”And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become seethrough? Its trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible beca

24、use they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects arou

25、nd it, so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesnt absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesnt look very different from the surrounding air or water. You dont see it you see the things beh

26、ind it.To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments (色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesnt have pigments, so its tissues wont absorb light. According to Jo

27、hnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different materials skin, fat, and more and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Tra

28、nsparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be seethrough. Others build a large, clear mass of nonliving jellylike (果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it.Larger transpare

29、nt animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how theyre doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear: for these larger animals, staying transparent is an activ

30、e process. When they die, they turn a nontransparent milky white.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了生活在海洋中的透明生物的特点、透明原理以及形成机制。9According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals Astay in groupsBcan be easily damagedCappear only in deep oceanDare beautiful creatures【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的Most of them are extremely delicate an

31、d can be damaged by a simple touch.可知，大部分的透明生物是非常脆弱的，仅碰一碰就会受到损害，故B项“很容易受到损害”正确。A项“集体待在一起”和D项“是美丽的生物”在第一段中没有提到；根据第一段中的between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3，300 feet可知，它们生活在海面与海面以下大约3 300英尺之间的海水中，故C项“只出现在深海中”错误。【答案】B10The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 meansAsilently Bgraduall

32、yCregularly Dcompletely【解析】词义猜测题。由第三段可知，我们能看到物体一类是因为它们减慢了光速和对光进行了散射，使其改变了原来的路线，而另外一类是因为它们对光线的吸收。既然吸收了，那么在光的传播过程中就被完全阻止了，因此这里dead意为“完全地”，故选D。【答案】D11One way for an animal to become transparent is toAchange the direction of light travelBgather materials to scatter lightCavoid the absorption of lightDgrow bigger to stop light【解析】细节理解