虚拟语气.docx

1、虚拟语气锐思教育学科教师辅导讲义辅导科目:English 学员姓名: 年级: 学科教师:赵兰 课 时 数：3 第 次课授课主题虚拟语气教学目标1.虚拟语气的考查集中在非真实条件句中的运用：错综时间条件句、省略if时用倒装情况、含蓄条件句。2.虚拟语气在as if/ as though引导的从句中的运用。3.虚拟语气在名词性从句、定语从句中的用法。授课日期时段教学内容一、虚拟语气的定义语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的意图或态度。英语中有陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气三种语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的某种愿望、假设、怀疑、推测和建议等，表示的是纯属假设或实现的可能性不大的情况。虚拟语气常用于复合句中，也

2、可用于简单句中。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语的特殊形式表现出来的。 二、虚拟语气的用法1.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的运用(1)基本用法虚拟语气条件状语从句主句与现在事实相反一般过去式(be用were)“would/could/should/might+动词原形”与过去事实相反had+过去分词“would/could/should/might+have+过去分词”与将来事实相反1.一般过去时2.were to+动词原形3.should+动词原形“would/could/should/might+动词原形”1)与现在事实相反If I were you, I would take a small pres

3、ent to her birthday party. 如果我是你的话，我会带份小礼物去她的生日晚会。If we heard the sad news earlier, we would come to comfort him. 如果我们早点听到这个悲伤的消息，我们就过去安慰他了。2)与过去事实相反If you had taken me advice, you would not have failed in the exams. 如果你早听了我的建议，你考试就能通过了。We would have called a taxi yesterday if he hadnt offered us a

4、ride home. 昨天如果他不让我们搭车回家的话，我们就会叫出租车了。3)与将来事实相反:If it should snow tomorrow, they couldnt go out. 如果明天下雪的话，他们就不外出了。If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday. 如果明天他不来，我们就把会议推迟到下周一。【例题】动词填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空If I were to do it, I _ (do) it in a different way.If he _ (warn)

5、, he _ (take)that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(2)特殊句式1)错综时间条件句当条件状语从句中的谓语动词和主句中的谓语动词所表示的行为或动作发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you had taken my advice then, you wouldnt be in trouble now. 如果当时听我的劝告，你现在就不会有麻烦了。【从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设】If I were you, I would have c

6、hosen to take the job. 如果我是你，我当时就选择接受这份工作。【从句是对现在的假设，主句是对过去的假设】【例题】动词填空：用所给词的适当形式填空If he (be born) in Germany, what language he probably (speak) now?If he _ (listen) to the teacher attentively in the past year, he _(know) the answer to the question now. 2)含蓄条件句有时假设情况不用if引导的条件句来表示，而是隐含在某些词、短语或隐含在上下文中

7、，被称为“含蓄条件句”。 表示与现在或将来的事实相反，主句用“would (should, could, might)+动词原形”；表示与过去的事实相反，主句用“would (should, could, might)+have+过去分词”；用with, without, but for, in case of, supposing, otherwise, or等代替条件状语从句。Without /But for your help, I wouldnt have passed the test. = If you hadnt helped me, I wouldnt have passed

8、the test. 没有你的帮助，我不会通过那次考试。He was not present, otherwise, he would have helped us. 他当时不在，否则他会帮我们的。You should take an umbrella with you in case of the rain. 你应该带把雨伞以防下雨。Supposing he does not come, should we go without him? 他若不来，是不是就不带他去？用分词短语代替条件状语从句。Born in better times (= If he had been born in bet

9、ter times ), he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。Failing this time (= If you failed this time ), what would you do? 假如这次失败，那你怎么办？用名词短语代替条件状语从句。A few hours earlier (= If you had come a few hours earlier ), you would have been able to meet the famous writer. 要是你早来几个小时，你就能见到这位著名的作家了。用定语从句代替

10、条件状语从句Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. ( If anyone had seen that painting.) 凡是看过那幅画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。将条件隐含在一定的上下文中。You might stay here forever. (= If you wanted to, you might.) 你可以永远待在这儿。Dont bother to read all these papers. It would take too long. (= If you read all th

11、ese papers, it would take too long.) 不要费事看所有这些文件了，那会花太多时间。将条件隐含在形容词及其比较级中。A more careful person would not make so many mistakes. 一个仔细一点的人不会犯这么多的错误。【例题】动词填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空But for the English examination I _ (go to)the concert last Sunday. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at nigh

12、t _ (be) freezing cold, too cold for us to live. We were stuck at the airport because of the heavy fog, otherwise we _ (arrive) here in time for the conference.3)虚拟条件状语从句中的倒装和省略当If引导的虚拟条件状语从句中的动词含有 had, were, should时，可省略if并把had,were, should提到主语之前。Had we known about it earlier, we could have warned p

13、eople of the danger. 假如早点知道这件事的话，我们就能警告人们有危险了。Were she here, she would come to help us. 如果她在这儿，她就会来帮助我们。Should it rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨，运动会就延期。注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式，此时只把were, had, should提前，not仍放在主语之后。Werent it for the expense, I would go abroad now.()

14、Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.()有时非真实条件状语从句或者主句可以省略，只剩下一个主句或条件状语从句。If I had time.(I would have come to help) 【省略主句】She should have come to the party.(If she had received the invitation)【省略条件状语从句】【例题】动词填空：用所给词的适当形式填空Were I to move to a foreign country, I (give away)all my furnitu

15、re in my house here. it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.2.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用(1)用于宾语从句中1)wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为：虚拟语气wish后宾语从句与现在事实相反过去时（were）与过去事实相反过去完成时或“could+have+过去分词”与将来事实相反would/could/might+动词原形（不用should） I wish I were a doctor. 我希望我是个医生就好了。(现在) I wish

16、that the rain would stop. 我希望雨能停下来。(将来)I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it. 我希望他不要把事情搞大了。(过去)2)在would rather/prefer后的宾语从句中，其宾语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在或将来的事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去的事实相反。I would rather they didnt hear of the news. 我宁愿他们没听到那个消息。(对现在或将来的虚拟)I would rather/prefer I had not told him the ba

17、d news. 我宁愿没告诉他那个坏消息。(对过去的虚拟)3)用于表示建议、愿望、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。常见的动词有：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise, request, urge, command, prefer, desire, recommend等。歌诀巧记： 一坚持: insist 二命令: order, command三建议: advise, suggest, and propose 四要求: desire,demand, req

18、uire, requestThe doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. 医生建议他减。He proposed that we (should) deal with the problem by the view of development. 他建议我们要用发展的眼光来解决这个问题。注意：insist: 坚决宣称，坚持认为，坚持说，固执己见（不虚拟） 坚决要求，坚持（虚拟）suggest: 暗示，表明（不虚拟） 建议，提议（虚拟）The man insisted that he didnt steal the wal

19、let and should be set free now. 这个人坚持说他没有偷别人的钱包，现在应该被释放。Her pale face suggested that she was badly ill, so I suggested that she should go to see a doctor at once. 她苍白的面孔暗示她病得很严重，因此我建议她立刻去看医生。4)在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定式和疑问式后面的宾语从句中也可用虚拟语气形式，表示惊奇、怀疑或不满等。谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或“should+现在完成时”。

20、I never thought that she should be such a brave girl. 我从来没想到她是个如此勇敢的女孩。I never expected that the problem should have been solved that way. 我从来没想到问题会那样得以解决。(2)用于主语从句中 虚拟语气用在主语从句中时，表示惊讶、不相信、惋惜等情绪，主语从句的常见句式为：1)“It is/was+形容词+that+sb.+(should)+动词原形+其他”句式。常见的形容词有：necessary/strange/natural/ important/impo

21、ssible/proper/right/essential/appropriate等。It is strange that he (should) say so. 真奇怪他竟然会那样说。It is important that we (should) think before we decide. 三思而后行是非常重要的。2)“It is/was +名词或名词短语+that+sb.+(should)+动词原形+其他”句式。常见的名词或名词短语有：a pity, a shame, no wonder等。 It is a pity that he should miss such a golden

22、 chance. 真可惜他错过了良机。 It is no wonder that he (should) miss the train. 那竟然错过了那列火车。3)“It is/was+过去分词+that+sb.+(should)+动词原形+其他”句式。常见的过去分词有：suggested /ordered / demanded / proposed等。Its requested that we (should) keep the stability of the society for the peoples peaceful life. 据要求，为了人类的和平生活我们应该维持社会的稳定。I

23、t is suggested that parents (should) spend more time with their children alone. 人们建议父母应该花更多的时间和孩子单独相处。注意：主语从句中若不表示惊讶、不相信、惋惜等情绪，可采用陈述语气。It is wrong that you didnt throw the trash into the bin. 你没有把垃圾扔到垃圾箱里，这种做法是不对的。(3)用于表语和同位语从句中1)在表示命令、建议、要求的名词，如advice, suggestion, order, demand ,idea, plan, decisio

24、n, proposal, request 等的表语从句或同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”结构。另外连接从句的that不能省略。My proposal is that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the plan. 我建议我们应该为何时上交这份计划设立一个期限。Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch? 你知道让你站岗的命令吗？注意：在定语从句中若先行词是表示命令、建议、要求的名词时，不用虚拟语气。This is the suggestion that/

25、which he made at the meeting.在do you suggest/recommend用在特殊疑问句中作插入语时，句子的动词也使用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。What type of computer do you recommend/ suggest we (should) buy? 你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢？2)as if/though引导的表语从句常用虚拟语气。谓语动词的变化形式与wish后的宾语从句的变化相同： 表示与现在事实情况相反，从句用：过去式(did)(be常用 were)； 表示与过去事实情况相反，从句用：过

26、去完成式(had done)； 表示与将来事实情况相反，从句用：would / could / might + do；Itseemsasifitwerespringalready. 似乎早已是春天了。【与现在事实相反】Thismeattastesasifithadgonebad. 肉尝起来已经变味了。【与过去事实相反】It looks as if it might rain. 看起来要下雨。 【与将来事实相反】注意：as if/though后的从句也常用陈述语气，此时从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来

27、要下雨了。【例题】动词填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ (focus)more on its culture. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay_ (raise)by 20 percent.Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they (be)always late

28、.It is recommended that you _ (book)your accommodation in advance in tourist season, as you may find all the best hotels are not accessible. 3.虚拟语气在其他句型中的运用(1)用于状语从句中1)as if/though 引导的从句 as if/though引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。谓语动词的变化形式与wish后的宾语从句的变化相同： 表示与现在事实情况相反，从句用：过去式(did)(be常用 were)； 表示与过去事实情况相反，从句用：过去完成式

29、(had done)； 表示与将来事实情况相反，从句用：would / could / might + do； Ive loved you as if you were my relative. 我爱你就好像你是我的亲人一样。 Dont handle the vase as if it were made of steel. 不要这么拿着这个花瓶，就好像它是钢制成的似的。She talked about the novel as though she had really read it. 她谈论那部小说就好像她确实看过一样。2)even if/though 引导的让步状语从句虚拟语气从句主句

30、与现在事实相反一般过去时 could/would/might/should+动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时 could/would/might/should+have+过去分词Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。Even though I had been very busy then, I would have helped out.即使我当时很忙，我还是会帮助你的。3)in case, for fear that 等引导的目的状语从句在in case, lest, for fe

31、ar that, so that等引导的目的状语从句中，动词“could/should/might/would等+动词原形”，表示虚拟。She called him lest he should go out. 她给他打电话以防他出去。They left early for fear that they would meet again. 他们动身很早以免和他碰面。Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain. 带把伞以防下雨。【例题】动词填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _(break).I wouldnt marry Pat even if she (be)the last woman on earth. (2)用