形容词副词语法学案.docx

1、形容词副词语法学案形容词与副词（04）一.形容词的比较级和最高级的使用一般情况加er, estsmaller,smallest以e 结尾加r,stlarger,largest以辅音字母+y 结尾的词改y为i，再加er,estbusier,busiest重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写末尾辅音字母，加er,estfatter,fattest多数双音节和多音节的词加more, mostmore beautiful,most important（1）副词的比较级和最高级1大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和most 来构成比较级和最高级。2少数单音节副词，加er,est 构成其比较级和最高

2、级 。几个特殊的形容词和副词原级比较级 最高级good ,wellbetterbestbad, ill, badlyworseworstmany ,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther, furtherfarthest,furtheroldolder, elderoldest, eldest（2）比较级和最高级的常用句型 名称句型 例句相等as 原形 as (as 原形+名词 as )The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.He has not as much money as his friend.不及no

3、t as(so) 原形 as (not asso +名词+原形 as )She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.超越比较级+ than Health is more important than wealth.超越the +比较级+of the two两者中较 的一个He is the taller of the two.用于否定no +比较级+than 和一样不He is no richer than I.他和我一样不富有。用于否定否定词+比较级表达肯定意思His work couldnt be worse.他的工作再糟糕不过了。程度递增er an

4、d er， more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越)higher and higher， more and more important 两种情况同时变化the +比较级，the+比较级（越，越）The quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave.三者或三者以上比较the +最高级+of/in+比较范围（之中最）Of all things in the world, people are the precious.（3）原级、比较级、最高级常见的修饰语1用于原级之前：almost, nearly, just, ex

5、actly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,等John is almost as tall as you.The river is three times as long as that one.We have a third as many students as we had last term.2用于比较级前many, a few (用于more +可数名词前) a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten

6、percent,three times等.It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.Its cold this year, but its even colder last year.We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.3用于最高级前the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/secondThis hat is by far the largest in the world.Gold is the

7、 very most valuable of all materials .二、位置与功能形容词的功能1定语。 在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。县官行令杀国才。这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：限（冠词物主代词、指示代词数词等）观 （描绘） 形（大小、形状等） 龄 （年龄、新旧等） 色 (色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）an interesting English film a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella做后置定语。修饰由不定代词no ,any, some ，every和one,thin

8、g等构成的复合词或形容词短语。2表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。常见系动词有：be 变化系词： become, get ,turn, grow, go保持系词： keep ,remain, stay感观系词： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.3.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。He went to bed , cold and hungry. 4.做宾补。某些以a 开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awak

9、e，alive某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语 well, ill faint某些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, orderly。复合形容词的形式问题。an 800-meter-wide river， an English-speaking country， a middle-aged man副词的位置1）时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现，则地点副词在前。They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.2)表频率的时间副词

10、是高考的热点always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行为动词之前，be词、情态动词和助动词之后。 He is always telling lies,so I will never believe him.3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（但 enough除外）He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.4）有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly 结尾，但它们的含义是不同的。closely-close， nearly-near， freely-fre

11、e， deeply-deep， highly-high， widely-wide 等。以ly 结尾的词表较为抽象的含义，而与形容词同形的副词则表较为具体的概念。1.close与closely close意思是“近”；closely 意思是“仔细地” He is sitting close to me.他坐得离我很近。 Watch him closely.仔细盯着他。2.late 与lately late意思是“晚”；lately 意思是“最近” You have come too late.你来晚了。 What have you been doing lately?最近在忙些什么？3.deep

12、与deeplydeep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。 He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深地插到地里。 Even father was deeply moved by the film.甚至父亲也被这部电影深深的打动了。4.high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。The plane was flying high.飞机正飞得高。 I think highly of your opinion.我对你的观点给以高度评价。5.wide与widely wide表示

13、空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地，在许多地方”。 He opened the door wide.他把门开大。 English is widely used in the world.英语在世界上被广泛使用。6.free与freely free的意思是“免费”；freely 的意思是“无限制地”。 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. 无论什么时候，只要你喜欢，就可以在我的饭馆里免费吃饭。 You may speak freely;say what you like.你可以畅所欲言，喜欢说什么就说什么。 考点解析考点一、倍

14、数表达法表示倍数的句型：(1)A is倍数比较级thanB(2)A is倍数as原级asB(3)A is倍数the名词(size，length，height 等)ofB(4)A is倍数thatofB(5)A is倍数what 引导的名词性从句This building is three times higher than that one.This building is three times as high as that one.This building is three times the height of that one.这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。 The output

15、 of this year is 3 times that of 2012.The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 20012.今年的产量是2012年的三倍。After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many cars in 2012as the year before.自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。1. When you study the local map，youll find this town

16、 is_.Atwice the si ze of that one Btwice as a large town as thatCtwice as larger as that one Dtwice as larger a town as that解析： 句意为：当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这座城镇是那个的两倍大。倍数的表达方式：A is 倍数the名词(如size/length)of B；B项中不定冠词位置错误；C、D项中as后应用形容词原级。答案： A2 Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks，but it cost_his.Aas muc

17、h twice as Btwice as much asCmuch as twice as Das twice much as解析： 倍数表达法是形容词比较等级中一种很常用的比较级结构。不管用哪种比较级结构来表示比较，表示倍数的词总是放在比较级结构的最前面。答案： B3 My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice_ _expensive.Aas Bso Ctoo Dvery解析： 考查倍数表达法。这里的倍数是“twice”，由expensive这一原级可知，这里使用了“as.as.

18、”这一比较结构，在具体的语境中，后面的一个as以及后面的成分可以承前省略，即这里expensive后面省略了as ours。答案： A考点二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级1“as形容词(a/an)名词as”表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。2“as形容词/副词的原级as”与“not as/so形容词/副词的原级as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不

19、同)。The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。3“the比较级of the two 名词”表示“两者中较的那个”。The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。4a形容词比较级n.After two yearsresearch，we have a far better understanding of the disease.研究两年之后，现在我们对这种病有更好的理解。We went to the USA in search of a bette

20、r life.为了寻找更美好的生活我们去了美国。5比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit 等。The students study even harder than before.学生们学习比以前更努力了。A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.汽车比自行车跑得快得多。6最高级(1)最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，

21、not quite，nothing like。The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。Id like to buy the second most expensive camera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。(2)否定词比较级最高级。There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。Are

22、 you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?你对他在会议上说的满意吗？No.It couldnt have been worse.不，不能再差了。1. Believe it or not，swimming is_as any to lose unwanted weight.Aa way as good Bas a good wayCas a way good Das good a way 解析： 考查固定短语。as.as表示“和一样”，固定表达方式有“asadj./adv.as”“asadj.a/ann.as”等。答案： D2 Do you

23、think that the 11th Chinese National Games were a success?Yes，_！It couldnt be _.Arelatively；better Bapproximately；worseCabsolutely；better Dfortunately；worse解析： 本题考查副词和形容词在语境中的运用。relatively 相对地，比较地；approximately 大约；absolutely 当然是，绝对正确；fortunately 幸运地。根据语境知，第十一届全运会绝对是一个成功的盛会，没有比它更好的了，故C项正确。答案： C3 Of t

24、he two cameras，I would prefer _one，which is very easy for me to carry.Aa smaller Bthe smallestCa small Dthe smaller解析： 考查形容词比较级。由of the two cameras 可知，总共有两台相机，其中“小的那台”，应该用比较级smaller，同时又是“确指”的概念，所以用the smaller，选D项。考点三、形容词、副词的基本用法1形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。After the long journey，the three of them went b

25、ack home，hungry and tired.经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。2有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though，(ever)since，in case等He is old.He works hard，though.Though he is old，he works hard.虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。3有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.幸运的是，他没被

26、淹死，被解放军给救了。Happily for her，her stepmother was kind to her.高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。4can not/never 与enough 或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越越好。I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden，a car cut in and knocked me down.我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了。You can never be too careful in the street. 在大街上你越仔细越好。1. _，she i

27、s the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.AShy and cautious BSensitive and thoughtfulCHonest and confident DLighthearted and optimistic解析： 句意为：她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。本题考查形容词作伴随状语。shy and cautious 害羞的、小心的；sensitive and thoughtful 敏感的、多思的；honest and confide nt 诚实的、自信的。答案：

28、D2 Jim went to answer the phone._，Harry started to prepare lunch.AHowever BNeverthelessCBesides DMeanwhile解析： 句意为：Jim 去接电话了。与此同时，Harry 开始做午饭。本题考查副词用法。A.然而；B.虽然如此；C.除此之外；D.与此同时。根据前后句逻辑关系，应选择表示并列关系的D。3 We only had $100 and that was_to buy a new computer.Anowhere near enough Bnear enough nowhereCenough

29、 near nowhere Dnear nowhere enough解析： 句意为：我们只有100美元，离买台新电脑的钱还差得远呢。本题考查修饰 词顺序。not anywhere near 或nowhere near：far from，not at all远非，绝不是，为固定短语。答案： A4 When it was his turn to deliver his speech，_，he walked towards the microphone.Anervously and embarrassingly Bnervous and embarrassedlyCnervously and emb

30、arrassing Dnervous and embarrassed解析： 该题考查形容词作状语。形容词一般作定语，但也可作状语。如：He lay in bed，awake.再如：Her husband came back，drunk. 答案： D A组 2012年全国高考题组1. The research lacks_evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.A. solid B. fierce C. severe D. potential【解析】根据句意：研究缺乏实证（solid evidence），因此所得出的结论还有待考证。fierce激烈的；severe严重的；potential，有潜力的，均不符合语境，故排除。【答案】A2. “Perhaps we need to send for Dr. Smith to see what we can do a