句子结构高三.docx

1、句子结构高三句子结构一、英语中的句子种类(一)按句子的用途可分四种：1陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old. She didnt hear of you before.2疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3祈使句：Be careful, boys.Dont talk in class4感叹句：How clever the boy is! What fine weather (it is t

2、oday)!（2）按句子的结构可分三种：1.简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2. 并列句：由并列连词（and/but/or等）或分号（；）或破折号(-)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future i

3、s bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 Ive never seen anyone run so fast- just watch David go.3.复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。包含：1）名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、*同位语从句）2)定语从句（限制性定从、非限制性定从）3）状语从句（方式、地点、时间、条件、让步、原因、结果、目的、比较）I dont know why he didnt come.That he was late again made the teacher angry.The reason for

4、 his being late was that he was caught in the traffic jam.Theres no doubt that he is a reliable person.This is the factory where his father works.He was admitted to Beijing University, which made us amazed.Though it was raining , the girl still went out.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures wh

5、en they were at the Great Wall.My father promised me that if I passed the exam he would buy me an Ipad 2.Ahthough what he had done made the teacher angry, he still wouldnt change his mind.二、简单句的五种结构1) S+Vi （+状语） They failed (at last)./ It is raining heavily./ HelivesinLondon. 2) S+V(系)+P The boy was

6、 in his room drawing./ Therosesmellssweet./ Her mother seemed to have known the truth.3) S+Vt+O （+状语） Ourteambeatalltheothers. / We visited the farm last week. (Vi+介=Vt) The soldiers arrived at the village in the evening./ I cant agree with you.4) S+Vt+O1+O2 Mr.Litoldusaninterestingstory./ She bough

7、t a wallet for her husband. The teacher showed us some old maps. / He lent his bike to me. 5) S+Vt+O+Oc We often hear him sing in the room. （感官动词） The girl saw the old lady knocked down by a car. （使役动词） He will have his bike repaired this afternoon. You shouldnt leave the water running all the time.

8、 （建议命令类动词） They wanted their daughter to learn the piano. （观点类动词） We find it interesting to learn English.三、并列句标志及考点1定义: 由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。2标志：并列连词；标点符号（分号；破折号）3. 分句之间的关系：并列、递进、选择、转折、因果、其它。4. 并列连词：and; but; or; otherwise; so; for（表推断性原因）;*when (=and at this/that time 这/那时) *while （表对比“而，却”） botha

9、nd; neithernor; eitheror; notbut;not onlybut also; not onlybutas well; 5. 考点：1)倒装：否定词位于句首时，not only but also连接的两个分句，前倒后不倒；neithernor连接的两个分句，均要倒装。 2)与非谓语动词作状语的区分：（观察连词或标点） _(walk) along the street, and you will find the theatre. _(walk) along the street, you will find the theatre. 3)与非限定从的区分：（观察连词或标点

10、或句子是否完整，确定选择关系词或者普通代词/副词）关系代词/副词 普通代词/副词 who he/she/they whom him/her/them which it/that/this whose its/his/her/their when then where there/here (1) She has two sons, both of _ are doctors.She has two sons, and both of _ are doctors.She has two sons; both of _ are doctors. (2) In the meeting room, t

11、here are tables, _ you can sit there reading.In the meeting room, there are tables, _ you can sit reading. (3) She lived in the house _ windows were broken.and _ windows were broken.the windows _ were broken.(4) He has gone to college, _ made us surprised.He has gone to college and _ made us surpris

12、ed. (5) His mother was ill; in _ case he had to ask for a leave. His mother was ill, in _ case he had to ask for a leave. (6) I called him by the wrong name; for _ mistake I apologized.I called him by the wrong name, for _ mistake I apologized.(7)The book was written in 1946;since _ the education sy

13、stem has witnessed great changes.The book was written in 1946,since _ the education system has witnessed great changes. (8)He stood by the window; from _ he could see what was happening outside.He stood by the window, from _ he could see what was happening outside.4)注意身兼并列连词与从属连词功能并且多义的when与while。四、

14、复合句通观1. 从句有引导词引导；(连接词/关系词/从属连词)2.句与句之间为主句和从句关系：从句+主句； 主句+从句；从句镶嵌主句之中3.从句分为三大类：形容词性从句（即：定语从句）、 名词性从句（即：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）、 副词性从句（即：状语从句）。2.所有从句都用陈述语序。练习：划出下列从句并判断其类别：1.When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.2.The comrade with whom I came knows French. 3.Who will go is not

15、important. 4.Make a mark where you have a question. 5.It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.6.She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.7.My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.8.Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night. 9.Chil

16、d as he is, he knows a lot.10.I wonder if it doesnt rain.11.He acted as if nothing had happened. 12.Im interested in what youve said.13.As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 14.As (So) long as you work hard, you can catch up with the other classmates15. I have no

17、idea when he will be back. 5.复合句考点：1.）引导词的选择： 通读全句(看空前)，判断从句类型A.定语从句或名词性从句：再判断从句缺什么成分（看空后）。1) We should do _ we can to protect wildlife.We should do all _ we can to protect wildlife.A. which B. that C. what D. it2) While driving through the city, she showed me the building _ she once worked .A. that

18、 B. which C. in which D. where3) The doctor advised my mother to live _ the air is fresher.A.in where B. in which C. the place where D. where4) Remember to put the book _ it belongs. Remember to put the book at _ it belongs to.Remember to return the book to _ it belongs to.A. in which B. which C. wh

19、at D. where E. WhomB. 状语从句：根据语境判断主从句之间的逻辑关系。(注意一些多义的从属连词如when/while/before/as)My father likes comparing the same products in different shops, _ he could buy better and cheaper products. A. Even though B. not until C. so that D. as ifScientists says it may be five or six years _ it is possible to tes

20、t this medicine on human patients.A. since B. after C. before D. When _ I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. A. As B. Since C. If D. While2.)主从句时态呼应1.I_ ( tell )her the good news when she _(come) back. 2.If it _(not rain), he _(arrive) here on time.3.He asked when they _(go) to the pa

21、rty the next day. 4.Miss Green said she _(be) to Beijing before. 5.Do you know when we_(have) a football match this term? 6.You know he _(go) to Shanghai already. 7.The teacher told us that light _(travel) faster than sound. 8.When I was a student, my teacher often told us that time and tide _(wait)

22、 for no man.9.He _(work) at the factory since he _(come) here. 10.It_(be) a long time since we _(meet) last. 11.When he _(get) there, the train _(leave) 12.He _(say) he _(visit) the school before. 13.She _(tell) me her father _(die) in 1960. 14.He saw the boy whose mother _(be) our teacher. 15.It _(

23、be) not so hot yesterday as it _(be) today. 16.Hardly_we _(go) out when it _(begin) to rain. 17.No sooner_ he _ (get) on the bus than someone _(call) out his name. 18. It/This is the first time that the boy _(win) the first prize in the speech contest. 19.It/That was the best film (that) I _(see) be

24、fore.3.)主从句的语序：A.从句均要用陈述语序：He asked me what I was thinking about.Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.Can you imagine what life will be like without music? （*What will life be like without music?）She looks sad. Could you please tell me _ that prevents her from being as happy as before?A. what it is B. wh

25、at is it C. what it was D. how was itB.含有特定条件状语从句的主句需倒装。Only when he arrived did the meeting began.Hardly had we gone out when the telephone rang.Not until her mother came back did the girl go to bed.No sooner had they settled themselves in their seats than the film began.4.)主谓一致 (主从、连接/关系代词作主语)A.关系

26、代词作主语时，定语从句谓语动词在人称和数方面与先行词保持一致;若非限定从指代整个主句内容时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。I, who _ (be)your teacher, will try my best to help you.To own a computer in families, which we thought _(be) impossible twenty years ago, now becomes true.A true friend will say some words that _(be) nice and warm.The Great Wall is one of th

27、e world-famous buildings that _(draw) lots of visitors.The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that _(be) seen from the moon.Li Dong isnt the only one of the boys who _(be) from the countryside in our class.Britain is one of the only 3members of European Union that _(have) chose

28、n not to replace their own currencies with the euro.He has been admitted to Beijing University, which _(make) his parents quite happy.I still remember the teachers and the school that _(be) talked of yesterday evening. B. 主语从句做主语相当于单三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数; 由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词仍用单数;由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓

29、语动词用复数；而what引导的主语从句，谓语动词要视表语而定。表语是单数名词时，谓语动词用单数；反之则用复数。Whenthemeetingwillbegin_(have)notbeendecidedyet.When and where they will hold the conference _(have) not been decided.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygo_ (have)notbeendecidedyet.What I am afraid of_(be) their taking him to Japan. What they want to

30、get _(be) a number of good books. C.It引导的强调句结构中，无论所强调的是单数还是复数，都应用It is/was。如强调的是主语，that/who后的谓语要与主语一致。Its those students that/who _(have) made so many mistakes.It is the careless driver who _(be) to blame. 5.)从句的省略 1)名词性从句：疑问词+不定式 One must learn how to learn all by oneself. =how he can learn. The question is where to get such a comput