1初中英语数词.docx

1、1初中英语数词初中英语数词数词分为基数词和序数词两种。表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词；表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。 一.基数词 1）基数词写法和读法：one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety hundred thousand million billion345t

2、hree hundred and forty-five；2）基数词一般是单数形式，具体数目+单数。如：two thousand, seven thousand 但下列情况，常用复数： a. 表示不确的数目hundred thousand million billion后加s与of 短语连用，如：thousands of ;millions of 表示概数，不能与具体数目连 用，如scores of people 指许多人； b.在一些表示一排或一组的词组里； 如：They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两的到达了。 c. 表示几十岁；30thirties, 5

3、0s-fifties d. 表示年代，用 in +the +数词复数；in the 1990s(1990-1999) e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里，如：3 x 5 = 15 , Three fives is (are) fifteen.1.基数词就注意以下几点： （1）几十几的基数词的十位数与个位数之间要用连字符“-”连接。如： eighty-five85 twenty-six26 （2）三位数的基数词须在百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间用and连接。如： threehundredandsixty-five365 twohundredandsix206 （3）基数词的复数形式。当基数词hu

4、ndred,thousand,million,billion等词前有具体数词或several修饰时，必须用单数。如： severalhundredyearsago几百年前 twothousandstudents两千个学生 2.基数词的特殊用法： （1）表示“几十年代”或“几十岁”时，用逢十的基数词的复数形式。如： inthe1990s20世纪90年代 inonestwenties在某人20多岁时 （2）用在习语中。如： intwosandthrees三三两两地 二.序数词 序数词的缩写形式： first-1stsecond-2third-3rd fourth-4th fifth-5th six

5、th-6th seventh-7th eithth-8th ninth-9th tenth 10th eleventh-11th twelfth-12th thirteenth-13 fourteenth-14th fifteenth-15th sixteenth-16th seventeenth-17th eithteenth-18th nineteenth-19th twentieth 20th thirtieth 30th thirty-first-31st第四到十九基数词后加th构成。十位数的序数词由相应的基数词变y为I 加eth构成。第二十一到九十九等，前面的十位数用基数词，后面的个

6、位数用序数词，中间用连字符“一”连接。第一百 一千 一百万分别在相应的基数词后面加th.序数词之前一般要加定冠词或代词。如：Sunday is the first day of the week. He is my first teacher.有时，序数词前用不定冠词，表示再一，又一“的意思。如：Then he tried a second time.序数词应注意的几点事项： 1.多位数的基数词变成序数词时，只需将末位基数词变成序数词，前边的基数词不变。如： forty-two42forty-second第42 nine-hundred900nine-hundredth第900 2.当序数词用

7、阿拉伯数字表示时，必须在数字后加上序数词的最后两个字母。如： 21st第21 32nd第32 3.序数词前一般要用定冠词the，如果序数词前用a或an时，则表示“又一；再一”（没有具体范围的限制）。如： Thoughhehadfailedtwice,hewantedtotryathirdtime. 尽管他已失败了两次，他还想再试一次。 Thelittlemonkeyhadhadthreeapples,andhewantedtoeatafourthone. 那只小猴子已经吃了3个苹果，他还想再吃一个。 三.分数和百分数 1.分数 （1）分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词。如： onefifth五分

8、之一 onetenth十分之一 （2）当分子大于1时，分母用序数词的复数。如： twothirds三分之二 fiveeighths八分之五 （3）当分子是1时，可以用one也可以用a。如： asecond=onesecond athird=onethird （4）当分母是2和4时，分别可以用half和quarter代替。如： ahalf二分之一 threequarters四分之三 2.百分数 百分数用percent表示。如： fortypercent百分之四十 threepercent百分之三 3.分数、百分数与主谓一致 分数、百分数的考查往往和主谓一致相联系。当分数、百分数修饰可数名词的复数

9、时，谓语动词用复数形式；当分数、百分数修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： EightypercentofthestudentsinourschoolcomefromHenan. 我们学校百分之八十的学生来自河南。 ThreefourthsofthestudentsinmyclassareinterestedinEnglish. 我们班四分之三的学生对英语感兴趣。 Twothirdsofthewaterontheearthisseawater. 地球上三分之二的水是海水。 四.倍数的表示法 1.表示“几倍大小（长短；数量）”，由“倍数+thesize（length,amount.）”结构

10、组成。如： Theearthisforth-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon. 2.表示“比大几倍”，由“倍数+形容词（副词）比较级+than+被比较部分”结构组成。如： Thisboxisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone. 3.表示“是倍”，由“倍数+as+形容词+as+被比较部分”结构组成。如： Ourfactoryistwiceasbigastheirs.倍数表示法 a. 主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。 b. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）

11、+ the size (amount，length) of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。 c. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。 d. 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍 The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 今年粮食产量增

12、加了4倍。基数词：表示数目或数量的词从十三至十九：以teen结尾逢十都以ty结尾二十一至九十九：十位与个位之间加连字符hundred thousand million billion读法：每三位隔开十位与百位之间加and26,256,352序数词：表示顺序或第几用法第一， 第二，第三，其他加基数词后加th注意第五，第八，第九，第十二fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth二十，三十等：y变i +eth多位数时只变个位缩略形式：阿拉伯数字加最后两位字母读法：Lesson 2, the second lesson Page 53, the fifty-third page Roo

13、m 605 Bus 5Telephone number: 2225553分数读法：分子用基数分母用序数1/2a half 1/3 one third 2./4 two quarters 2/5 two fifths 五又四分之五 five and four fifths小数：0.12 0.32百分比：percent sixty percent加减乘除：Five and ten is fifteen. Five plus ten equals fifteen. Five and ten make fifteen. Seven minus one equals six. Seven minus o

14、ne is six. Five times six equals thirty. Ten divided by five equals two.日期表示法：1990年3月14日March 14 1990 ( )9世纪 the nineteenth century In the 1990s .年月日的表达法，先月后日，把年代放在最后，用逗号隔开。1949，10，1读作：October first nineteen fourty-nine时刻的表达法：1，按顺序读，用基数词。如：7：30 seven thirty 8:15 eitht fifteen 12:48 twelve forty-eith

15、t.2.用介词past,past之前为分钟数（须在半小时以内，包括半小时）past之后为钟点数。Eg:6:11: eleven past six 7:15 :fifteen(a quarter) past seven 9:3o: thirty (half) past nine3用介词to,to前为分钟数（须在半小时以上，不包括半小时）to之后为下一个钟点数，表示“差几分到几点”。如：7:45 fifteen(a quarter) to eight 11:36 twenty-four to twelve数词的用法：1、表示年份：2002: twenty thousand and two ; 19

16、76 : nineteen seventy-six.2、表示日期： 12月1日: Dec.1st或the first of December；2002年11月8日: Nov. 8th, 2002.3、表示时刻： 5：15 five fifteen或a quarter past five ; 8：30 eight thirty或half past eight ; 10：45 ten forty-five或a quarter to eleven.4、表示编号：Room 105Room one 0 five; Bus No.13Bus Number Thirteen; P.5Page Five; T

17、el.No.7658659Telephone Number seven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine5、小数的读法：5.7 five point seven, 0.16 zero point one six.6、“半”的表达： 1/2half, 半小时half an hour, 1.5小时one and a half hours或one hour and a half. 7、序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。如：The third lesson is rather difficult.(第三课相当难)/ Shall we read th

18、e text a third time?(我们把课文读第三遍,好吗？)1. It is reported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe. (广西卷)A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much【分析】答案选D。由twice(两倍)和energy后的as可知，此题是考查用“倍数+as+形容词原级+as”来表达倍数的方法。2. The house rent is expensive, Ive got about half the spa

19、ce I had at home and Im paying _ here. (上海卷)A. as three times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much【分析】答案选D。倍数three times要放在as的前面，后面省略as I paid at home。3. With the help of the German experts, the factory produced _ cars in 1993 as the year before. (上海卷) A. as twic

20、e many B. as many as twice C. as twice as many D. twice as many【分析】答案选D。倍数放在as之前。此题与全国卷曾考过的一题几乎一样：After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as (答案选C)4.Paper produced every year

21、is _ the worlds production of vehicles. (上海卷)A. the three times weight of B. three times the weight ofC. as three times as heavier as D. three times as heavier as【分析】答案选B。倍数three times要放在the weight of之前。若选项D中heavier改为heavy也对。数 词(一) 正误辨析 1、误 1107 should be read as a thousand a hundred as seven. 正 110

22、7 should be read as one thousand one hundred and seven. 析 在读数字时，如：and前只有百或千时，用one hundred/ one thousand 还是a hundred /a thousand全是可以的。但如果文有百又有千时，则只能用one不要用a。 如果没有and时，如：1100也只能读作one thousand one hundred 或eleven hundred. 2、误 I drove about half mile. 正 I drove about half a mile. 析 半小时为half an hour, 半天为

23、half a day, 半镑为half a pound, 尽量避免用half a year, half a month, 要用six months, two weeks 或 fifteen days 要注意的是Half of the work is done Half of the books are sold. 当Half 作名词时，其谓语动词要看of后面的名词而定。如名词是不可数名词则用单数谓语动词，如是复数名词时，则要用复数谓语动词。要注意的是一个半的表达法，如：One and a half apples is left on the table.其名词要用复数，但谓语动词则要用单数。

24、3、误 60 students are playing on the ground. 正 Sixty students are playing on the ground. 析 在句首的数字要用文字而不要用阿拉伯数字，如数字过大则应放于句中，用阿拉伯数字。如： There are 166 students playing on the ground. 4、误 He became famous around fifty years old. 正 He became famous in his fifties. 析 in his fifties 50多岁时，而in the fifties 在50年

25、代。 5、误 There are about two thousands workers in our factory. 正 There are about two thousand workers in our factory 析 几千，几百的表达法是基数词加thousand或加hundred,而且均不要加s。这样的单位还有dozen(打)， score (20年)等。 6、误 In the morning there are hundred of old people walking in the park. 正 In the morning there are hundreds of o

26、ld people walking in the park. 析 当表达数百，数千时，要用hundreds of和thousands of 这一结构。 7、误 The class begins at eight a. m. 正 The class begins at 8 a. m. 析 与符号或与缩写的字母连用时一定要用数字，如：43%， 67 , No.2 8、误 Two fifth of the books are sold out. 正 Two fifths of the books are sold out. 析 分数表示法，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，但分子大于1时，分母要在序数词后

27、加s。 9、误 Tom was born on July eighteen. 正 Tom was born on July eighteenth. 析 月日的表达法有美语和英语两种。 美语 July 18 读作 July eighteenth 英语 July 18th 读作 July the eighteenth 10、误 Ill go to school at 7 a. m. in the morning. 正 Ill go to school at 7 a. m/ at 7 in the morning. 析 a. m 即表达在早上之意，不要再用in the morning. 11、误 T

28、he film will begin at three quarters past one. 正 The film will begin at one quarter to two. 析 大于30分钟时不要使用past，而要用差多少不到几点的to来表达。 12、误 Three time three is nine. 正 Three times three is nine. 析 times 此处作为乘讲一定要加s。 英语中乘除法表达式如下： 算法 种类 例 句 加法 一般 Five and six is eleven. 正式 Five plus six is (equals) eleven. 减

29、法 一般 Eight take away four leaves (is) four.Four from Eight leaves (is) four. 正式 Eight minus four equals (is) four. 乘法 一般 Three fours are twelve 34=12 正式 Three times four equals (is) twelve. 一般 Two in to four is two. 正式 Four divided by two equals two. (二) 例题解析 1 - How many students are there in your school, Mike? - There are over students in our school. A. two thousands B. two thousands of C. two thousand D. two thousand of 答案 C. 析 有基数词在前面时thousand， hundred 等词不能加s，也不能加of结构，只有在thousands of时才可以使用。 2 John lives on floor. H