高考英语北京版一轮精练专题一 语法填空.docx

1、高考英语北京版一轮精练专题一 语法填空 第一部分知识运用第一节语法填空专题一语法填空探考情 悟真题【考情探究】卷名体裁主题语境考点2019北京卷记叙文人与自我动词的时态和语态非谓语动词名词代词冠词介词形容词和副词主从复合句说明文人与自然说明文人与社会统计22110112分析解读1.2019年北京高考试卷将过去以句子为核心的单项选择变成以语篇为核心的语法填空。这种命题形式体现了新课改由语法知识到语法技能的语法教学观念的转变,体现了当今高考英语改革的趋势突出语篇,强调在语篇中测试学生的英语语言知识和技能。2.2019年的语法填空由三篇短文组成,通过不同体裁和主题语境内容的文章来突出语篇的多样性。三

2、篇文章一共包含10道试题,覆盖动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、主从复合句、词性转换等主要语法项目,注重考查学生的语法基础知识和基本技能,无偏难怪题。【真题探秘】真题再现阅读点拨阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I 1(voice) my biggest concern to my mother, “How will I make fr

3、iends?” She handed me advice, “Be yourself.” For the past 20 years, I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously 2(face) challenges, I know I will whisper to 3 (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.记叙文中主旨句可以通过人物的语言体现,因此短文中反复出现的“Be yourself.”就是主旨。解题思

4、路1.当设空处后面的括号内给出动词原形,且句子中没有谓语动词(体现时态)时,设空处一般会考查动词的时态或语态。短文中第1个空前一句中stood提示了时态为一般过去时,所以将voice变为voiced。但是,此空对于考生来说有挑战性,因为voice通常以名词词性出现,所以一个单词具有不同词性也是考生需要掌握的基础知识。2.当设空处后面的括号内给出动词原形,但句中已有谓语动词且设空处不是并列谓语时,应考虑该空是否考查非谓语动词。如果设空处在句首,且逗号后面是一个完整句子时,其符合“非谓语动词(短语),句子”的结构。此时,将逗号后面句子中的主语标出,确定主语与所给提示动词之间是主动关系还是被动关系,

5、并确定所给提示动词与句子中的谓语动词发生的先后顺序。第2个空后所给动词face与句子的主语I为主动关系,所以用现在分词形式,face应变为facing。句首的Nervously是副词,可以忽略,同样可以忽略的还有when, before, after等引导词。3.当设空处后面的括号内给出人称代词时,一般根据句意将人称代词进行转换即可,此空表示“对我自己悄悄说”,因此将I改为myself。真题再现阅读点拨Earth Day, 4(mark) on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environm

6、ental protection. First celebrated 51970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区). No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various 6(activity)on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save powerthe possi

7、bilities are endless.说明文通常都是“开门见山”,第一句就会点题,因此从短文的第一句就能找到关键词“Earth Day”。解题思路4.当设空处后面的括号内给出动词原形,但空格位于两个逗号之间为插入语时,空格处为非谓语动词,对前面的名词起到修饰限定作用。Earth Day与mark之间为被动关系,因此将mark变为marked。5.当设空处后面没有提示词时,考虑是否填写介词、冠词、代词或连词。此空后面是1970,显然空格处应填写时间介词in。6.当设空处后面的括号内给出名词时,通常考虑将名词变复数或者变词性。此空前面的various提示活动是多种多样的,因此activity要

8、变成复数activities。真题再现阅读点拨Does the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question 7(suggest) that, for most students, it doesnt. What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8 they go. The students benefitting most from college are those 9are totally engaged (参与) i

9、n academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources (资源). Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10(meaning) college experience.当说明文中出现了res

10、earch,suggest等词时,通常是引出文章主旨,要重点阅读并理解。解题思路7.当设空处后面的括号内给出动词原形,且空格位于主语后面时,设空处一般会考查动词的时态或语态。说明文的语言特点为一般现在时居多,但是此处也可体现出研究“已经”表明,或者“表明”这个动作是发生过的,所以用一般现在时suggests、现在完成时has suggested、一般过去时suggested均可。8.当设空处后面没有提示词,且空格后是句子时,通常考虑填写连词或引导词。句中两者作比较,前者是从句形式,后者应该也是从句形式,根据句意可知空格处缺少“哪里”,应用where引导。9.当设空处后面没有提示词,且空格后是句

11、子时,通常考虑填写连词或引导词。空格处前面是名词或代词时,后面的从句一般为定语从句,those指人,所以用who或that引导定语从句。10.当设空处后面的括号内所给提示词为名词时,通常考虑将名词变复数或者变词性。空格处前面的and表示空格处与healthy并列,healthy是形容词,因此将meaning变成形容词meaningful。【五年高考】A组自主命题北京卷题组Passage(2019北京)AOn the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I1(voice)

12、my biggest concern to my mother,“How will I make friends?” She handed me advice,“Be yourself.” For the past 20 years, I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously2(face)challenges, I know I will whisper to3(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.BEart

13、h Day,4(mark)on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated51970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various6(activity)on Earth Day

14、. You can plant a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save powerthe possibilities are endless.CDoes the name of the college you attend really matter?Research on the question7(suggest)that, for most students, it doesnt. What students do at college seems to matter much more than8they g

15、o. The students benefitting most from college are those9are totally engaged(参与)in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources(资源). Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and its never too early to make nece

16、ssary preparations for a healthy and10(meaning)college experience.答案A1.voiced2.facing3.myselfB4.marked5.in6.activitiesC7.suggests/suggested/has suggested8.where9.who/that10.meaningfulB组统一命题、省(区、市)卷题组Passage 1(2019课标全国)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south

17、 as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88, there is evidence 1 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate tha

18、t there are about 20,00025,000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods 3 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 4 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 5 (report) increases in bear sightings around

19、 human settlements, leading to a 6 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 7 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are 8 (high) than they actually are. Of 9 nineteen recognized polar b

20、ear subpopulations, three are declining, six10 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.答案1.that2.poorly3.of/for4.to perform5.have reported6.belief7.noting8.higher9.the10.arePassage 2(2019课标全国)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 1 (be) Britains oldest full-time em

21、ployeestill working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 2 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 3 (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.Picking up her “Lif

22、etime Achievement” award, proud Irene 4 (declare) she had no plans 5 (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said,“I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6 (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 7 because I want to.”Gr

23、anddaughter Gayle Parks, 31who works alongside her in the family businesssaid it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said,“We dont have any idea who put Grandma forward. When we got a call 8 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 9 joke. But then we got an official l

24、etter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its 10 (wonder).”答案1.being2.which3.finally4.declared5.to retire6.have made7.but8.saying9.a10.wonderfulPassage 3(2019课标全国)On our way to the house, it was raining 1 hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take 2 (get) there. It was in

25、 the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 3 dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 4 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 5 (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. F

26、or breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜) and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 6 (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 7 (tradition) stories

27、 about Hawaii that were 8 (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we 9 (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 10 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.答案1.so2.to get3.of4.who5.recommended6.c-o/mpetition

28、7.traditional8.hugely9.were invited10.listeningPassage 4(2019浙江)There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody 1(have)

29、 to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears 2 same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 3gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or 4(cycle)

30、 to school on dark mornings, car drivers can 5(easy) see them.But can uniforms help improve school standards?The answer 6this question is not clear. One study in America found that students grades 7(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didnt want 8(wear) the unif

31、orm. Other American studies showed no9(connect) between uniforms and school performance.School uniforms are 10(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools dont have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.答案1.has/will have2.the3.that/which4.cycling5.easily6.to7.improved8.to wear9.connect