高中英语语法容易失分的介词.docx

1、高中英语语法容易失分的介词第8讲容易失分的介词1Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.(2019全国)答案on解析考查介词的用法。句意为：很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。固定短语be focused on“专心于，集中于”。2In India，for example，most people traditionally eat _ their hands.(2019全国)答案with解析考查介词。固定短语：with ones hands用某人的手。3Th

2、e mother continued to care for the young panda _ more than two years.(2019四川)答案for解析考查介词。“for时间段”表示持续一段时间。句意为：熊猫妈妈对孩子的照顾会持续两年多。4Many young people，most _ whom were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2019江苏)答案of解析考查介词。句意为：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想，他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。分析句子结构可知，本句为非限制性定语从

3、句，为“介词关系代词”引导，根据句意可知表示所属关系，故填of。5The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _ influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.(2019浙江)答案in解析考查介词。句意为：该项研究表明，我们成长的文化环境会影响我们看我们周围的世界的基本过程。in the cultures在的文化中，为固定搭配。6A common memory they all have _ their school days is the school unifo

4、rm.(2019福建)答案of解析考查介词。句意为：他们对校园岁月的共同记忆就是校服。本句使用了have a memory of这一固定搭配，意为“对的记忆”。7Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea？(2019浙江)答案to解析考查介词。句意为：你听说过这样的树吗？它们既是陆地上动物的栖息地，又是海洋动物的栖息地。be homes to意为“是的所在地/栖息地，是的家”，为固定搭配。8This meeting room is a nonsmoking area.I would

5、 like to warn you _ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2019湖北)答案in解析考查介词。句意为：这个会议室是一个无烟区。我想事先提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，就会被罚款。in advance意为“提前；事先”，为固定搭配。9The little pupil took his grandma _ the arm and walked her across the street.(2019陕西)答案by解析考查介词。句意为：这个小学生挽着他奶奶的胳膊，扶她过了马路。take sb.by the arm为固定搭配

6、，意为“挽(抓)着某人的胳膊”。10Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68 _ the average.(2019重庆)答案above解析考查介词。句意为：去年是有记录以来最温暖的一年，全球的气温比平均高0.68摄氏度。above the average意为“超过一般水平；在平均数以上”。11She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went _ the road.(2019重庆)答案off解析考查介词。句意为：在拐弯处她开得太快，车差一

7、点从路上冲出去。off意为“偏离，从离开”，符合语境。 12The Scottish girl _ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.(2019陕西)答案with解析考查介词。句意为：这个蓝眼睛的苏格兰女孩在第五届汉语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。with意为“具有；带有”，符合题意。 一、常见介词(一)表示时间的介词1at表示某个时间点、时刻等，如：at 2：00 oclock在两点；at noon在中午；at dawn/daybreak在拂晓/黎明；at dusk在黄昏等；2on表示具体的时间或具体

8、某一天的上午、下午、晚上等，如：on a rainy day；on National Day；on Christmas Eve等；3in表示在某段较长的时间内(朝代、世纪、年代、月份)，泛指上午、下午和晚上等，如：in the afternoon；in the 1980s等。(二)表示方位的介词1at表示相对较小的地点；2in表示相对较大的或较大范围的地点；3on表示相邻或接壤的两个地域；4to表示在某个范围外不接壤的地域，两者关系为并列；5off表示离开或距离某个地域；(三)表示方向的介词1across表示“从的表面穿过”；2through表示“从的内部穿过”；3over表示“从上面跨过”。

9、(四)表示交通方式的介词1表示交通工具的名词或在海、路、空等的名词前用by，并且名词前不用任何冠词或限定语，如：by air；by sea；by land；by water；by bus；by bike；by taxi；by plane；by ship/boat/train等；2当表示交通工具等意义的词前有冠词等限定语修饰时，用介词on或in，如：on his bike；in a car等。(五)表示使用工具的介词1by意为“靠的手段；用方法；凭借”，后跟名词、代词或动名词；2in多用于表示语言、材料的名词；3with多用于表示有形的工具或身体器官的名词前。二、其他情况的介词(一)常考介词1w

10、ith的用法(1)(表示状态)具有；带有(2)(表示伴随)随着(3)(表示原因)由于；因为(4)(表示关系)和起(5)(表示用途)用2against的用法(1)(表示态度)反对(2)(表示对比)以为背景(3)(表示方位)依靠着3beyond的用法(1)(表示位置)在另一边；在更远处(2)(表示时间)晚于(3)(表示程度)超出；非所能及4over的用法(1)(表示方位)越过(2)(表示等级或数目)高于；在之上；超过(3)(表示时间或过程)在期间5to的用法(1)(表示方向)朝；向(2)(表示程度)到；达到(3)某些名词后常跟介词to，如：key；answer；visit；apology；solu

11、tion；attitude；devotion；entrance等。(二)固定搭配中的介词(1)介词名词(2)介词形容词/形容词介词(3)动词介词1You have put your family _ a lot recently.答案through解析考查介词与动词搭配。句意为：最近你让你的家人受了很多苦。put through在此处意为“使经受(磨炼，痛苦)，折磨”，符合题意。2Gerry，come and take a look at this information pack for our trip _ London.答案to解析句意为：格里，来看一下我们去伦敦的信息包。trip to

12、.意为“到的旅途”。3When I took the money from her grandparents，I looked back _ the girl，who was giving me the most optimistic，largest smile I had ever seen.答案at解析考查介词。look back at sb.回头看某人。4He believes theyll happen first in gaming，then extend _ other areas including medicine and education.答案to解析考查介词。extend

13、 to.向延伸。5You neednt enter a fitting room and put the clothes _ by yourself.答案on解析put on是固定搭配，意为“穿上”。6At first，they went on a day trip，taking advantage _ special trip tickets on the railways.答案of解析考查介词。take advantage of意为“利用”，为固定搭配。7This depends partly _ how many clouds are in the sky.答案on解析考查介词。depe

14、nd on意为“依靠”，为固定搭配。8William Campbell，Staoshi Omura and Tu Youyou jointly won the prize _ their work against diseases，the awardgiving body said on Monday.答案for解析考查介词。此处赢得奖励与后面的工作为前果后因，故用介词for表示原因。9It just shows that they feel cut off _ the adults world，and they have not yet been accepted into their wo

15、rld.答案from解析考查介词。cut off from意为“切断，断绝”，为固定搭配。10Millions _ words have been said about young people in the United States.答案of解析考查介词。millions of数以万计的，是个概数。故填of。11. I really appreciate their efforts and thank them _ looking after me throughout my stay！答案for解析考查介词。thank.for意为“因而感谢”，为固定搭配。12Sometimes canc

16、er can be caused by radiation found in sunlight and Xrays，in addition _ other places.答案to解析考查介词。in addition to意为“除之外还有”，为固定搭配。13After considering this phenomenon，I decided I was going to change the way I got on _ others.答案with解析考查介词。get on with sb.为固定搭配，意为“与某人相处”。故填介词with。14It says Brighton resident

17、s live _ an average age of 78 years old.答案to解析考查介词。句意为：据说布赖顿的居民平均活到78岁。live to.意为“活到”。15It is _ me how you and Oscar can share an apartment for so long.Youre tidy while hes so messy.答案beyond解析考查介词。句意为：你很爱干净而奥斯卡很邋遢。我真搞不懂你怎么能和他共用公寓这么长时间。beyond超出；使人无法想象。强化练(十七)1Last year，I met my friend Steve at a part

18、y.He invited me to take part in a teaching project over the winter break in Cambodia.The more he talked about it，the more 1._(interest) I became.I left the party 2._(think) I might actually do it.My immediate excitement gave in to 3._(excuse) as the weeks passed.The trip would be expensive，I 4._(hav

19、e) less time to spend with my family over the winter break，and I hadnt really traveled before.Most of all，I was terrified of taking the risk.On the day I made my decision，I suddenly 5._(feel) as if I had opened my eyes 6._(final) and seen myself clearly.I had moved away from home，almost graduated fr

20、om college 7._ overcome several smallscale fears.I could not let fear get in the way of a onceinalifetime opportunity.So I took the challenge.Before the trip，I hadnt known 8._ I wanted to do after graduation.Now I am planning on teaching English abroad.I am still amazed by my experience and thankful

21、 for everything it has taught 9._(I)Now I am not afraid to take on challenges and have faith 10._ myself.语篇解读本文为记叙文。去年我的朋友史蒂夫邀请我在寒假期间去柬埔寨任教，我欣然接受了。1答案interested解析考查“The more.，the more.”句型。设空处作系动词became的表语，故用形容词形式；因为是修饰人的，故填interested。2答案thinking解析考查非谓语动词作状语。think与主语I之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故答案为thinking。3答案excus

22、es解析考查名词的数。根据下文可推知设空处所表达的“借口”并非一个，故设空处填excuse的复数形式excuses。4答案would have解析考查动词的时态。设空处表示过去将来的事情，故用过去将来时。5答案felt解析考查动词的时态。由上下文语境可知设空处表示过去的情况，故用一般过去时。6答案finally解析考查副词。设空处需用副词作状语。7答案and解析考查连词。三个动词为递进关系，故用and连接。8答案what解析考查宾语从句。“_ I wanted to do”为宾语从句，该从句缺少宾语且表示“事物”，故用what引导。9答案me解析考查代词。设空处作taught的宾语，故用I的宾

23、格me。10答案in解析考查介词。have faith in为固定短语，意为“信任”。2Hongbao seems to be on everyones lips these days.11._(it) origins are rooted in history.Long ago it 12._(see) as a means of protecting children from evil spirits.13._(late)，it developed into more general best wishes and a blessing on 14._ young.In recent y

24、ears，with Hongbao going digital，online giants Tencents Wechat，Baidu and Alibaba are all competing 15._(make) their Hongbao the 16._(popular) in the country.“I got 1.8 yuan；its fun.”“I didnt get any；I am too slow.”The war is on to grab digital cash using your cell phone.But is Hongbao overshadowing t

25、he true 17._(mean) of the holiday？Guo Jing，a 45yearold social worker，gives us her opinion.“When I was young，the elder gave the younger generation a sum of money 18._(wrap) in red paper，to wish them luck in the new year.The amount of money is all about blessings，using round numbers like 50 and 100，no

26、t like the eHongbao on the Wechat platform，19._ you can just pick up a few yuan.”Anyway，please remember：the Chinese New Year holiday is supposed to be a time to relax and enjoy being 20._ your family.11答案Its解析考查代词。设空处用its代替Hongbaos，因位于句首，首字母须大写。12答案was seen解析考查动词的时态和语态。根据Long ago可知本句需用一般过去时；主语it(指代H

27、ongbao)与谓语see为被动关系，故用被动语态。13答案Later解析考查副词。later后来。14答案the解析考查冠词。“the形容词”表示一类人。15答案to make解析考查非谓语动词作状语。compete为不及物动词，此处后面加不定式作目的状语。16答案most popular解析考查形容词的最高级。根据句意及设空处前的the可知设空处应填形容词的最高级形式。17答案meaning解析考查名词。根据设空处前的形容词true可知，设空处需用名词形式。18答案wrapped解析考查非谓语动词作定语。money与wrap之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词形式作定语。19答案where

28、解析考查定语从句。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。20答案with解析考查介词。with在此处意为“和在一起”。3Each year 21._(thousand) of tourists visit the polar regions of the Arctic and Antarctica.These trips provide unique experiences for people to experience nature in remote areas.But the increasing number of people traveling to the ends

29、 of the Earth can have 22._ negative effect on fragile ecosystems(脆弱的生态系统)Should tourists 23._(allow) to visit polar regions?About 40,000 tourists visit Antarctica each year.More than five million travel to the Arctic and subArctic.Transporting tourists to the regions 24._(increase) ship and airplane traffic，and adds to the risk of pollution，oil spills，and other 25._(environment) damage.Because the places where wildlife is accessible 26._(be) few in number，tourist traffic can become concentrated in specific areas,27._(put) at r