英语阅读理解 三副.docx

1、英语阅读理解 三副Passage 01Merchant ships are designed to carry cargoSome are also designed to carry passengersThey can operate as linersThese are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetableA list of their arrival and departure dates is published in advance and they sail whether full or notLiners can be

2、 classed as either deep-sea liners or short-sea linersThe former carry mainly containerized cargo across the oceans of the world；the later carry containerized or conventional cargo on shorter routesFerries are also classed as linersThese offer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehicles ac

3、ross channels and narrow seasA few ships are still employed as passenger linersThey not only carry passengers but also some cargo on routes from Europe to North America and to the Far EastNowadays the passenger trade is very small and passenger liners usually operate as cruise ships for part of the

4、yearThe deep-sea liners _Acarry mainly containerized cargoBcarry mainly conventional cargoCoffer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehiclesDsail across channels and narrow seasAThe Liners _Aalways sail fullBsail regularly even not fullCalways sail in ballastDwill not sail if not fullBA li

5、st of the arrival and departure dates of liners _Awill be published weeklyBwill be published when they sail，whether full or not，from Europe to North America and to the Far EastCwill not be published even they sail fully loadedDis published prior to their departureDIt is implied in the passage that _

6、Athe number of passenger ships is smallBall passenger ships will carry some cargo in near futureCit is not necessary for liners to sail in regular timeDcontainer carriers should carry some passengersAPassage 02Nowadays，most merchant ships are built to carry cargoesAnd they mainly operate as trampsTh

7、ese vessels do not sail on regular routes or keep to a fixed timetable，but are employed where there is cargo for them to carryTramps can be classed as deep-sea tramps or short-sea trampsA number are classed as coastersThese ply on coastal routes and up rivers to inland portsThe traditional tramp car

8、goes are dry bulk cargoes，but some are designed to carry general cargoesA large number of merchant ships operate as specialized vesselsThese are designed to carry a particular type of cargoThere are several types of specialized vesselThe most common are oil tankersThey are owned by the major oil com

9、panies or by independent operatorsTwo other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are chemical carriers and liquefied natural gas（LNG）carriersThe deep-sea tramps _Acarry bulk and general cargo across the high seasBare built to carry passengersCare mainly coastersDare specialized vesselA

10、The coasters _Aalways sail across the high seasBcommonly carry oil cargoCare mainly tankersDsail on coastal routes and up rivers to inland portsDThe importance of LNG carriers _Ais growingBis not mentioned in passageCis decreasingDwill be discussed further if necessaryAIt is implied in the passage t

11、hat _Athe number of specialized vessels is not smallBall oil tankers will carry some chemicals in near futureCthe tramps and specialized vessels are the basic type of merchant shipsDcontainer carriers should not be classed as trampsAPassage 03Cargo ships can be divided into two basic typesOne type c

12、arries dry cargo，the other carries liquid cargo；however，an OBO ship is designed to carry bothA traditional dry cargo ship is the multi-deck vesselHer holds are divided horizontally by one or two tween decks，because these make stowage of individual packages easierDry bulk cargo is carried in bulk car

13、riersThese do not have tween decks as cargo is carried looseThe most modern type of dry cargo carrier is the container shipThey carry containers of standard dimensions，consequently stowage is easierFruit，meat and dairy produce are carried in refrigerated shipsOil tankers are the most common type of

14、liquid cargo carrierThey are often very large，because huge quantities of oil need to be transported and one large vessel is more economical to operate than two smaller onesTwo other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are the liquefied natural gas（LNG）carrier and the chemical carrier，

15、although chemical can also be carried in drums in general cargo shipsThere are _ types of liquid bulk carrierA2B3C4D5BA multi-deck vessel has _ tween decksAhas manyBnoConly oneDhas up to twoDFruit，meat and dairy produce are carried in_Acontainers carriersBtraditional shipsCOBO shipsDrefrigerated shi

16、psDThe types of dry cargo carriers mentioned in the passage are _Atween deckers，OBO shipsBtraditional dry cargo ship and multi-deck vesselCOBO ships，oil tankers，chemical tankers and LNG carriersDdry cargo ship，dry bulk cargo carrier，container carriers and refrigerated shipsDPassage 04The axial thrus

17、t of the propeller is the force working in a fore and aft directionThis force causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to go asternBecause of her shape，a ship will move ahead through the water more easily than going asternThe transverse thrust is the sideways force of the propeller as it r

18、otatesThe transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of the water is not strong enough to counteract the opposite effect of the lower bladesFor right-handed propellers this cants the ships stern to starboard and her bow to port，when the ship is going aheadThe effect is sma

19、ll and can be corrected by the rudderWhen the engines are put astern，the effect is the opposite and the stern cants to portThis effect is stronger and cannot easily be correctedVessels with left-handed propellers behave in the opposite wayThe force that causes the ship to move ahead through the wate

20、r or to go astern is known as_Aaxial thrustBtransverse thrustCthe transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of the waterDthe transverse effect of the lower blades of the propeller near the bottom of the waterAA left-handed propellers，when the ship is going ahead，will cant

21、 ships stern to_AstarboardBportCto move aheadDmove asternBThe transverse thrust of the propeller is stronger when the ship is_Agoing a sternBgoing aheadCstoppedDmaking no way through the waterAThe transverse thrust of the propeller can mainly be overcome by _Athe rudderBthe propeller itselfCthe naut

22、ical instrumentDwind and tideAPassage 05The Chief Officer，or First Mate as he is often called，is the Masters chief officer and head of the Deck DepartmentHe is assisted by a Second Officer（Mate），a Third Officer（Mate），and sometimes a Fourth Officer（Mate）Several companies employ a First Officer as wel

23、l as a Chief OfficerThe Deck Department also includes a Boatswain（Bosun）and a Carpenter，both petty officers，and a number of ratingsThese made up of Able Seamen（AB），Ordinary Seamen（OS）and a middle grade known as Efficient Deck Hands（EDH）There are other grades of seamenOn some ships Navigating Cadets

24、are carried for training purposesThe Chief Engineer is head of the Engine DepartmentHe is assisted by a Second，Third，Fourth and sometimes Fifth EngineerAn Electrical Officer may also be carriedThe engine room petty officers are the Storekeeper and DonkeymanOn tankers there is also a PumpmanHe is als

25、o a petty officerThe engine room ratings are Firemen and GreasersThere may also be Engineer CadetsThe Catering Department is under the Chief StewardIt is divided into a saloon and galley sectionThe former is headed by the Second Steward，the latter by the Ships CookThey are both usually petty officer

26、sThey are assisted by several stewards and cooks，and by a number of junior ratingsThe Radio Department often consists of only one man：the Radio OfficerOn ships where continuous radio watches are kept there may be three radio officers：a Chief，Second and Third_ is not a petty officerABoatswainBSecond

27、StewardCRadio OfficerDStorekeeperCEDH is rank which is higher than _ASecond StewardBABCOSDChief EngineerCStorekeeper belong to _ADeck DeptBEngine DeptCCatering DeptDRadio DeptBThere are _ departments on bard a big ship according to the passageAtwoBthreeCfourDfiveDPassage 06While every effort is made

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