选修8unit3词汇讲解.docx

1、选修8unit3词汇讲解Unit 3 Inven tors and inven ti ons3.Here was a chanee for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful thatKEY WORDS AND PHRASES1.call up给打电话；使想起；回忆Whe n I called up my mother in the coun tryside on the telepho ne she was very upset.教材P20）当我打电话给乡下的母亲时，她显得焦躁不安。call back召唤某人回来；

2、再访；回电话 call for需要；要求；接（人或物）call in邀请；请来 call on拜访（人）；号召call in on简短拜访 call at拜访（某地） call off取消The gover nment calls on the youth to don ate their blood volun tarily.政府号召青年义务献 血。He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away他病了，你应该立即请大夫来。2.nowand then 偶尔； 有时（=sometimes, but notoften）Snakes come

3、near the house now and then and they seem to have made their home here, not far from the walnut tree.（教材P20）蛇时不时地爬到屋边来，可见这几条蛇似乎是在胡 桃树附近安家了。We have nt see n each other for years, but we chat on li ne now and the n.我们已有多年未见 过面了；但是我们有时会上网聊一聊。表示有时、偶尔”的词语有：（every） now and aga in from time to time at time

4、s once in a whilewould catch snakes but not harm them.(教材 F2o)这回我有机会来表现一下自己，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇抓住又不会伤 害到它们。(1)dist in guish vt.& vi.显出 的差别；使有所不同；辨别People who can not distinguish between colours are said to be colourblind.不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲1disti nguish on eself (as)(作为表现突出；使自己与众不同；使自己成名dist in guish betwee

5、n.a nd.区分 / 辨另别和 distinguish.from.使有别于 ；使具有区别于 的特征distinguish.by以 为特征2dist in guished adj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的 disti nguishable adj.可区别的distinction n.区另廿(2)merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的They asked him to be merciful to the prisoners.他们要求他对犯人要以慈悲为怀。1mercy n.仁慈，宽容show/have mercy to sb.对某人仁慈 show no mercy to sb对某人无情at th

6、e mercy of任由罢布，在掌握中 Its a mercy.口语真是幸运！2mercifully幸运地；宽大地They were lost at sea at the mercy of wind and weather他们在海上迷失，任由大风和天Its a mercy that the accide nt happe ned so n ear the hospita I幸亏事故发生在离医院很近 的地方。4.The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there onl

7、y seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.教材 P20）我所做的第一件事就是看有没有什么产品能帮助我。但是，似乎只有用来毒死蛇的药 粉能用。（1）there seemed to be是there be句型的变体，表示 似乎有 。there be句型中的be有时还可以换成其他表示 有，存在”的词，女口： live，sta nd，lie，rema in， appear，seem to be，come等。there be结构是一个看似简单但命题空间很大的知识点。【提示】 在“there be句型中，be动词前可以加 can, may，must，ou

8、ght to，used to, happen to，seem to，appear to 等情态动词或动词短语。There happe ned to be no one in the room. 碰巧房间里没有人。5.set about开始；着手（about是介词，其后常接名词或动名词）I set about researchi ng the habits of sn akes to find the easiest way to trap them.教 材 P2o） 我着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到捕蛇的最简易的方法。She set about the bus in ess of clea ni

9、ng the house.她动手打扫起房子来。After the earthquake，the people set about rebuilding their homes.地震过后，人们开始重 建家园。set out出发，启程；开始 set off出发；动身be set in以为背景set back阻碍某事物发展；把（钟表指针）往回拨 set aside留出；对不予考虑set down记下；写下set up树立（榜样）；设立；创立set free释放；使获得自由(2012 浙江)Armed with the information you have gathered，you can pre

10、paringyour bus in ess pla n.A. set out B. set about C. set off D. set up6.They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.教材 P20)它们一下子就消失在墙壁附近的洞里了。(1)abruptly adv .突然地，意外地；唐突地The train stopped abruptly，nearly tipping me out of my bunk.火车突然停住，我差点儿从 床位上摔下来。abrupt adj.突然的，意外的；粗鲁的，唐突的，生硬的an

11、 abrupt turn 急转弯 in an abrupt manner 无礼的态度 an abrupt change 突然改变(2)con ve nient adj方便的；适宜的；合适的；在近处的；近便的Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow你明天开始工作方便吗Our house is convenient for the shops.我们家到商店很方便。1It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)干某事是方便的convenient (for sb.) 某事(对某人来说)是方便的if/w

12、he n it is convenient to sb. 女口果某人方便的话2convenience n. 方便，便禾U at on es convenience 在某人方便时It is very convenient to pay by credit card.用信用卡付款非常方便。【提示】 convenient主语不能是人。例如： 如果你方便的话”英语应表达为：if it isconvenient to/for you，而不应表达为：if you are convenient。【对接高考】（2012 天津高考）The secretary arranged a（n） time and pla

13、ce for the applicants tohave an in terview.A. important B. Spare C. public D. convenient7.caution n.小心；谨慎；警告This time with great caution I bent down to examine the snakes and I found them very sleepy.（教材 P20）这一次我小心翼翼地蹲下去检查的时候，发现蛇都是睡意浓浓的。Dad always drives with cauti on.爸爸开车一直十分小心。1with caution 小心地；谨慎

14、地2cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的 be cautious of/about.对很小心/谨慎8.expectation n.预料；期待；期望This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again.教材 P21）这是因为我预料蛇 还会再咬人。Its our expectation that you will do it well.我们期待你干得出色。She looked at me with expectati on.她满怀期待地看着我。come up to ones expectations 达至U某人的期望 live

15、 up to ones expectations 不辜负 某人的期望 in expectation of/that.预料 beyond expectations 出乎意料 against expectations与预 期相反expect vt.预料；预计；期待；期望 expect that.预料 expect（sb.）to do sth期望（某人）做某事；预料（某人）做某事【提示】 expectation意思为期望的事物，前景”时，常用复数。9.seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺Pressed by my friends and relations I decided to seize the

16、opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my inven ti on to the pate nt office.（P1）由于亲戚和朋友的 敦促，我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去，请他们对我这次成功的思路给 予认可。He seized her by the arm/wrist.他抓住她的胳膊seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会 /时机seize the arm抓住某人的手臂seize on/upon突然大为关注，抓住（可利用的事物）seize up停止运转，发生故障

17、；（身体）发僵【提示】 表示 抓住/打在某人的某个部位”时常用：seize/hit in/by the +身体部位10.Only_after_you_have_had_that_recognition_can_you_say that you are truly an inventor.（教材 P21）只有你已经获得了那种认证，你才能说自己是一个真正的发明者。only +状语（副词、介词短语或状语从句）位于句首时，句子需部分倒装。Only then did I know the importa nee of learni ng. 直到那时我才知道了学习的重要性。Only in this way

18、 can we solve the problem.只有用这种办法我们才能解决问题。Only whe n he fini shes the work can he go home.只有在做完工作之后，他才能回家。当only修饰其状语不位于句首，或位于句首的only用来修饰的不是状语，而是主语 时，均不用倒装。Only my pare nts know the secret. He found his watch missi ng only yesterday.【对接高考】（2012 天津高考）Only after Mary read her composition the second tim

19、e thespelli ng mistake.A. did she notice B. she noticed C. does she notice D. she has noticed11.Nor_willyou_receive a pate nt un til a search has bee n made to find out that yourproduct really is differe nt from every one elses.（教材 P21）你的产品要经过仔细调查，证明它确实是与众不同的，你才能获得专利。本句是部分倒装句，nor位于句首时要用部分倒装。1以否定副词 n

20、ot，n ever，seldom，hardly，little，no where，scarcely, rarely，n either， nor开头的句子要用部分倒装语序。2由notonly.but also连接的并列句，若将not only置于句首时，该分句应部分倒装， but also连接的分句不倒装。而由neither.nor.连接的并列句，两个分句都倒装。3由连接词 no sooner.than，scarcely.when, hardly.when 连接的主从复合句，主句 应倒装，从句不倒装。Not only did he give me some advice but also he l

21、ent me some money.No sooner had he gone to bed tha n he fell asleep.表示否定意义的短语放在句首时，句子应用部分倒装语序。这类短语有： under nocircumstances, on no account, in no way，at no point，at no time，in no sense, by no means 等，都表示决不”（2012 重庆高考）The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor ita thought.does he eve

22、n give B. he even gives C. will he even give D. he will even give1.freezing（教材P23）adj.冰冻的；严寒的 n.冰点freezing cold 相当冷 above/below freezing 在冰点以上 /以下freeze to death 冷得要死；冻死 freezing point 冰点freeze v.（使）结冰；（使）凝固frozen adj.冻结的；冷冻2.innocent adj.无辜的；清白的；无罪的；天真的In a courtroom it is sometimes difficult to re

23、cognize who is innocent and who is guilty.（教材P23）有时在法庭上很难分辩谁无罪谁有罪。He is an innocent victim.他 是个无辜的受害者。be innocent of 没有 innocence n. 无罪； 纯真； 单纯 be guilty of 有罪3.bear vt.忍受，忍耐；负担，承受；生育 n.熊I cannot bear the smell of sausage bur nt on the barbecue.教 材 P24）我无法忍受香肠在烤架上被烧焦的味道。bear doing/n./to do 忍受 bear s

24、b./sb.s doing 忍受某人做 bear sb./证实；为作证 bear with sb./sth.耐心对待 ；容忍 bear mi nd 牢记 bear resp on sibility/the blame 承担责任 / 受责备【提示】 bear意为忍耐，忍受”时，通常与can, could连用，用于疑问句或否定句中，常见近义词还有stand等。borne和born是bear的两个过去分词，表示 出生，出自”时用born,并且仅用于被 动式。表示 生育”时用borne。bear/sta nd/tolerate/put up withbear是表示 忍受”的最普通用词。sta nd表示

25、 忍受”时用于口语。与bear相同，多用于否定句和疑问句。tolerate常指以自我克制的态度对付令人生厌的人或事物。这种容忍往往 不会给忍受者带来太大的痛苦。put up口头用语。一般指容忍较小的事情，具有宽容、默认、将就某人with某事的意思。We should lear n to tolerate one ano ther. 我们应该学会互相容忍。I wont put up with him.我不会容忍他的。KEY PHRASES1.dive into迅速把手伸入；一心投入Leave the beate n track occasi on ally and dive into the w

26、oods教 材 P25）偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。go divi ng 去潜水 make a dive for sth 冲 过去拿（某物）take a dive into （the subject）埋头（该问题）中【提示】 dive into作 潜心于 讲时和devote on eself to sth.的意思一样，但devoteon eself to sth.还有 投身于,把自己奉献给 的意思。2.set out （to do）开始（做）Bell n ever set out to invent the teleph one and what he was trying to desig n

27、was a multipletelegraph.（P25）贝尔并非一开始就想要发明电话的，他本来想设计的东西是多路电报。On their arrival, they set out to read the English books they brought with themselves.他们一到达那里，就开始读他们随身携带的英语书。set off/set out/set about/set out forset off出发”侧重于去某个地方。set out出发，开始”侧重于开始做某事，还有 规划，展现”的意思，后加 不定式。set about开始，着手，与set out意思相近，后加v.

28、ing形式。set outfor出发到某地去。(=set off for ； leave for)If you want to catch that train , wed better set off/out for the station immediately. 如果 你想赶上那班火车，我们最好现在马上出发去火车站。4.associate vi.联想； 联系Although he is most ofte n associated with the inven ti on of the telepho ne, he was in deed a continuing searcher af

29、ter practical soluti ons to improve the quality of everybodys life.（教材P26）虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家， 不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。Dont associate with dishonest boys.不要和不诚实的孩子结交。1associate sb./ sb./sth.把和联系在一起；由联想到 be associated with.和有关 associate with sb.与某人交往或常打交道associate on eself with sth声称或表示自己赞同某

30、事物2association n.联合；联想；交往；协会；团体 in association with.与合伙/合作Have you joined the teachers associati on 你加入教师协会了吗They are going to con struct the airport in associati on with ano ther firm.他们打算与另一家公司联合修建机场5.hang on不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住；坚持Hang on, please.请稍等。（P26）Hang on a mi nute while I get a pencil and a piece

31、of paper.电话别挂断，等我拿纸笔来。 I know youre tired，but try to ha ng on a bit Ion ger. 我知道你累了，但再坚持一会吧。 Hold the line，please./Just a minute, please./Hold on. 不挂电话。hang up挂断电话hang up on sb突然挂断某人的电话ha ng about逗留，闲荡，慢悠悠hang around等待；逗留，闲荡hang together相符；一致；连贯6.out of order发生故障；次序颠倒；有毛病；状况不佳rm sorry， but this phone is out of order.（教材 P26）in good order秩序井然 put/keep.in order 使井然有序7. get through设法联系上（尤指打通电话）；（设法）做完；通过leant get through.（教材P26） 我打不通电话。get across被理解；使人了解 get