1、but的用法but-的用法but 的用法之一but 一词既可作连词、介词、副词用,又有一些习惯搭配和固定用法,现对其用法作以下归纳。一、用作连词1. 用作等立连词,使其前后的词、短语、分句相互对照,作“但是,然而,可是”解。例如:She is young but very experienced. 她虽然年轻但经验丰富。2. 用于表示歉意的话语之后,表示谢绝或不赞成。例如:Im sorry, but I disagree with you. 对不起,我不同意你的意见。3. 用于两个并列的分句之间,与前面的否定词形成对比,作“无而不”解。例如:It never rains but it pour
2、s. 不雨则已,一雨倾盆。I never go past that house but I think of my miserable life in the old society.我走过那所房子时,没有一次不想起我在旧社会所过的悲惨生活。二、用作介词1. 与 no , nobody , nothing , none , who 等词连用,作“除之外”解,用来排除同类中的一分子,或从整体中除去一部分。例如:Nobody knew her but me. 除我以外,没有人认识她。Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.这个计划只能带来灾
3、难,别无益处。2. but 前面有 do 的某种形式时, but 后面的动词不定式要省略 to ;其前没有 do 的某种形式时, but 后面的不定式要带 to .例如:We had no choice but to wait.除了等待,我们别无选择。He did nothing all day long but watch TV.一整天,他除了看电视,别无他事可做。3. 与 last , next 及 one , two 等连用,作“倒数第二、第三”等解。例如:Jack was the last but one to arrive.杰克是倒数第二个到达的。三、用作副词1. 意思上相当于 on
4、ly ,后面跟名词或动词。例如:Tom is but a child. 汤姆只是个孩子。We can but try now. 我们现在只有尝试一遍。2. but 出现在 too to 结构前面时,不定式含肯定意义。例如:Im but too glad to go there with you.我非常高兴和你一起去那里。四、含 but 的习惯用语1. but for without ,意为“要不是;如果没有”,意思上相当于一个虚拟条件句。例如:But for the rain (If it hadnt rained), we would have had a pleasant journey.
5、要不是天下雨,我们这次旅行就惬意了。But for your help, we couldnt have carried out the plan.如果没有你的帮助,我们不可能实现那个计划。2. but that = except that ,意为“若非;要不是”,引导虚拟条件状语从句。例如:He would have helped me but that he was short of money at that time.要不是他那时候没钱,他会帮助我的。3. but then = on the other hand ,意为“不过;在另一方面”。例如:London is a noisy p
6、lace, but then its also a place where you get the best entertainment.伦敦是个闹市,不过它也是能够给你最好娱乐的地方。4. nothing but = only ,意为“只;不过是”。例如:We could see nothing but water. 我们只能看见水。5. not but 意为“不是而是”,连接两个并列的名词、形容词、副词、短语或分句等。例如:My bag is not black but red.我的书包不是黑色的而是红色的。He failed not because he isnt clever but
7、because he didnt work hard.他失败了,不是因为他不聪明而是因为他工作不努力。6. no but 意为“没有不”。例如:No child but likes Old Li in our village.没有孩子不喜欢我们村里的老李。7. not only but also 意为“不但而且;既又”,连接两个并列成分。例如:Not only you but also she has to attend the meeting.不但你而且她也得参加这次会议。He not only teaches us English but also does other things fo
8、r us.他不但教我们英语,而且还为我们干别的事情。8. not that but that 意为“不是因为而是因为”。例如:Not that the car is out of order, but that Ive not learned to drive.不是汽车出了故障,而是我还没有学会开车。9. cant help but do 意为“不能不;忍不住”。例如:I cant help but cry. 我忍不住哭了。10. all but 意为“除外全都,几乎”。例如:All but mother in my family can speak English.除母亲外,我的一家人都会说
9、英语。His theory is all but correct. 他的理论几乎是正确的。11. anything but 意为“不见得,决不”。例如:He is anything but a good headmaster. 他不见得是个好校长。This car is anything but beautiful. 这辆小汽车根本不漂亮。12. but now 意为“刚刚,适才”。例如:I saw him in the office but now. 我刚刚看见他在办公室。I heard the commander talk about you but now.适才听得司令讲到您。13. c
10、an (or could) but 意为“只能,只好”。例如:His father can but know a few letters.他的父亲只能认几个字母。The old lady could but walk slowly with a stick.那个老太太只能拄着拐杖慢慢地朝前走。14. can (or could) not but 意为“不得不,忍不住”。例如:I could not but tell him about it.我不得不告诉他这件事。Seeing her husbands funny face, she could not but laugh.看见丈夫的滑稽面孔,
11、她忍不住大笑起来。15. cannot (or could not) choose but 意为“不得不,必须”。例如:They could not choose but obey. 他们除了服从外别无选择。16. never but 意为“每当就”。例如:He never sees Miss Wang but he thinks of his friend, Xiao Ya.每当见到王女士时,他就想起他的朋友小雅来。Her brother never comes, but he asks her for money.她兄弟来时,总是向她要钱。17. next but one 意为“再下一个”
12、。例如:They used to live in the next house but one to me.他们住在我隔壁的隔壁。18. no one butbut 的用法之二意为“除了外,谁也不”。例如:No one but a madman would say such words. 除了疯子,谁也不会说这样的话。19. not so (such a ) but (that) 意为“没有到(不能)”。例如:His English is not so bad but he can make himself understood.他的英语还不至于差到不能把自己的意思讲清楚的地步。Im not so foolish (not such a fool) but (that) I can see what he really meant.我还没有笨到听不懂他话中的真正含义的地步。
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