生物化学及分子生物学实验常用缩略语精品.docx

1、生物化学及分子生物学实验常用缩略语精品【关键字】指南、方法、动力、进展、空间、计划、系统、现代、建立、研究、安全、稳定、热点、基础、工程、载体、作用、标准、结构、水平、检验、分析、指导、教育生物化学及分子生物学实验常用缩略语（教学团队的范浩讲师编制）英文缩写英文名中文名A(1) absorbance(2) absorbency吸收率吸收Acracrylamide丙烯酰胺ADP adenosine diphosphate二磷酸腺苷，腺苷二磷酸AMPadenosine monophosphate腺苷一磷酸，腺苷酸Ampampicillin 氨苄青霉素AMVavian myeloblastosis

2、virus禽类成髓细胞瘤病毒APSammonium persulfate过硫酸铵ARanalytical reagent分析纯试剂ATPadenosine triphosphate三磷酸腺苷，腺苷三磷酸ALTalanine transaminase丙氨酸转氨酶BACbacterial artificial chromosome细菌人工染色体BisN,N-methylene-bis-acrylamideN,N-亚甲双丙烯酰胺BSAbovine serum albumin牛血清白蛋白bpbase pair碱基对ccc-DNAcovalently closed circular DNA共价闭环DNA

3、cDNAcomplementary DNA互补DNACEcapillary electrophoresis毛细管电泳Chcholesterol胆固醇CPcreatine phosphate磷酸肌酸DEPCdiethylpyrocarbonate焦碳酸二乙酯DNAdeoxyribonucleic acid脱氧核糖核酸dsDNAdouble stranded DNA双链DNAdsRNAdouble stranded RNA双链RNADTTdithiothreitol二硫苏糖醇EBethidium bromide溴乙锭E.coliEscherichia coli 大肠杆菌EDTAethylene d

4、iaminetetraacetic acid乙二胺四乙酸EGTAethylene glycol bis (2-aminoethyl) tetraacetic acid乙二醇二乙醚二胺四乙酸ELISAenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay酶联免疫吸附测定（法）FAMCarboxyfluorescein羧基荧光素FCMflow cytometry流式细胞仪FITCfluorescein isothiocyanate异硫氰酸荧光素FPLCfast protein liquid chromatograpgy快速（蛋白）液相层析G6PDglucose-6-phosphate

5、dehydrogenase葡糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶GFPgreen fluorescence protein绿色荧光蛋白GSTglutathione-S-transferase谷胱甘肽S转移酶Hbhemoglobin血红蛋白HEPES4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸His，Hhistidine组氨酸HPLChigh performance liquid chromatography高效液相层析Hspheat shock protein热休克蛋白IEFisoelectricfocusing等电聚焦IPTGisop

6、ropyl-D-thiogalactoside异丙基-D-硫代半乳糖苷kbkilobase pair千碱基对kDa kilo-Dalton千道尔顿KmMichaelis constant米氏常数LDHlactic dehydrogenase; lactate dehydrogenase乳酸脱氢酶mRNAmessenger RNA信使RNAMWmolecular weight分子量NBTnitrotetrazolium blue氯化硝基四氮唑蓝NCnitrocellulose membrane硝酸纤维素膜oc-DNAopen circular DNA开环DNAODoptical density光

7、密度PAGEpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳PCRpolymerase chain reaction聚合酶链反应PKCprotein kinaseC蛋白激酶CpIisoelectric point等电点PMSFphenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride苯甲基磺酰氟RNaseribonucleaseRNA酶PBSphosphate buffered salinePBS缓冲液RNAiRNAinterferenceRNA干扰RPMround per minute每分钟转数RQ-PCRReal-time quantitative

8、PCR实时定量PCRRT-PCRreverse transcription PCR反转录PCR，逆转录PCRSDSsodium dodecyl sulfate十二烷基硫酸钠siRNAsmall interfering RNA小干扰RNASNPsingle nucleotide polymorphism单核苷酸多态性SSCPsingle strand conformation polymorphism单链构象多态性SWRstandard working reagent标准工作液TBSTris-buffered sodium chlorideTBS缓冲液TETris-EDTA buffer含Tri

9、s和EDTA的缓冲液TEMEDN,N,N,N-tetramethyl ethylene diamineN,N,N,N-四甲基乙二胺TLCthin-layer chromatography薄层层析TrisN-Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane2-氨基-2-羟甲基-1,3-丙二醇UVultraviolet紫外线X-gal5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-D-galactoside5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚-D-半乳糖苷YACyeast artificial chromosome vector酵母人工染色体载体生物化学与分子生物学实验常用词中英文对照

10、（教学团队的范浩讲师编制）Aabluent 洗洁剂absolute (ethyl) alcohol 无水乙醇absorbance (A) 吸光率，吸收率absorbency (A) 吸收性，吸光度absorption 吸收（作用）absorption coefficient 吸收系数absorption spectrum 吸收光谱abstract 提取acetate 乙酸盐，醋酸盐acetic acid 乙酸，醋酸acidity 酸度，酸性acrylamide 丙烯酰胺adjustable micropipetter 可调式微量移液器/加样器affinity 亲和，亲和力，亲和性affinit

11、y labeling 亲和标记agar 琼脂agarose 琼脂糖agarose gel electrophoresis 琼脂糖凝胶电泳agitate 搅动A:G ratio A/G比率，清球比率alanine (Ala, A) 丙氨酸albumin 清蛋白，白蛋白alcohol 酒精，乙醇alcohol burner 酒精灯alkalinity 碱度，碱性alkaline phosphatase 碱性磷酸酶alpha complementation -互补amino 氨基amino terminal 氨基（末）端，N-（末）端ammonium persulfate 过硫酸铵ampholyte

12、 两性电解质amplicon PCR扩增产物amplification 扩增analytical balance 分析天平analytical reagent 分析纯试剂anhydrous 脱水的，无水的annealing 退火antibiotics 抗生素antibody 抗体antigen 抗原antiseptic 消毒剂，防腐剂apolipoprotein 载脂蛋白apoptosis 凋亡appearent molecular weight 表观分子量aseptic 无菌的，防腐剂autoclave 高压灭菌器automatic biochemical analyzer 全自动生化分析仪

13、automatic gel image analysis system 全自动凝胶成像分析系统autoradiography 放射自显影azotometer 定氮仪Bbalance 天平base 碱基base sequence 碱基序列beaker 烧杯beaker brush 烧杯刷Beers law 比尔定律benchtop ultracentrifuge 台式超速离心机biochemistry 生物化学biochip 生物芯片biomacromolecule 生物大分子biotin 生物素biuret reaction 双缩脲反应blender 搅拌器，搅碎器blood 血液blood

14、sugar 血糖blotting 印迹分析blotting membranes 印迹膜blotting paper 印迹用滤纸blue-white selection 蓝白斑筛选blunt end 平端bottle brush 瓶刷bromophenol blue 溴酚蓝buffer 缓冲液Ccapacity 容量capillary electrophoresis 毛细管电泳capillary electrophoresis system 毛细管电泳仪carboxy(l) 羧基catalyst 催化剂catecholamine 儿茶酚胺cation 阳离子cDNA 互补DNAcDNA chip

15、 cDNA芯片cDNA library cDNA文库cDNA probe cDNA探针cell 细胞cell culture 细胞培养cellophane 玻璃纸cellulose acetate membrane 醋酸纤维薄膜centrifugal force 离心力centrifuge 离心机centrifuge tube 离心管chromatogram 层析图，色谱chromatography 层析，色谱法chromatography column 层析柱clamp 夹子clone 克隆cloning vector 克隆载体CO2 incubator 二氧化碳培养箱coomassie (

16、brilliant) blue 考马斯亮蓝coomassie (brilliant) blue staining 考马斯亮蓝染色coefficient 系数colloid 胶体colony 菌落colony counter 菌落计数器color reaction 呈色反应colorimetry 比色法competence 感受态competent cell 感受态细胞competitive inhibition 竞争性抑制作用complementary DNA (cDNA) 互补DNAcomponent 成分，组分concentration 浓度condenser 冷凝器conformatio

17、n 空间构象conical beaker 锥形瓶conical bottom culture tube 锥底试管constant temperature incubator 恒温培养箱constant temperature oven 恒温箱content 含量control experiment 对照实验cosmid vector 黏粒载体，科斯质粒载体counter 计数器creatine 肌酸culture dish 培养皿culture flask 培养瓶culture media 培养基culture shaker 培养摇床culture vessel 培养瓶culture tube

18、 培养管cuvette 比色皿D2-D electrophoresis apparatus 双向电泳仪denaturant 变性剂denaturation 变性（作用）density 密度density gradient centrifugation 密度梯度离心desiccator 干燥器desiccant 干燥剂detector 检测器detergent 去垢剂,去污剂dialysis 透析differential display PCR 差异显示PCRdigital gel image analysis system 数码凝胶成像分析仪diluent 稀释剂dilute 稀释distil

19、led water 蒸馏水DNA blotting DNA印迹(法)DNA chip DNA芯片DNA ligase DNA连接酶DNA marker 标准分子量DNA DNA polymerase DNA聚合酶DNA recombination DNA重组DNA recombination technique 重组DNA技术DNA recombination technology 重组DNA技术DNA sequencer DNA测序仪dot blotting 斑点印迹dropper 滴管drying oven 干燥箱,干燥炉Eelectric stove 电炉electrical recep

20、tacle 电源插座electrode 电极electrolyte 电解质electromagnetic oven 电磁炉electrophoresis 电泳electronic analytical balance 电子分析天平electronic balance 电子天平electrophoresis cell 电泳槽electrophoresis system 电泳仪electrophoretogram 电泳图(谱)electrophorogram 电泳图(谱)electroporation 电穿孔electroporation instrument 电穿孔转化仪electrotherm

21、al incubator 电热恒温培养箱eluant 洗脱液，洗脱剂eluate 洗出液eluent 洗脱液，洗脱剂elution 洗脱enzyme 酶Escherichia coli 大肠杆菌ethanol 乙醇exon 外显子exponential growth phase 指数生长期expression vector 表达载体extinction coefficient 消光系数extract 提取，抽取 提取液Ffetal calf serum 胎牛血清filter 过滤filtration 过滤flask 培养瓶,长颈瓶flow cytometer (FCM) 流式细胞仪fluore

22、scence 荧光fluorescence intensity 荧光强度fluorescence probe 荧光探针fluorescence quantified PCR 荧光定量PCRfluorescence spectrophotometer 荧光分光光度计fluorochrome 荧光染料fluorophore 荧光基团forceps 镊子formamide 甲酰胺freezer 冷冻冰箱frost-free refrigerator 无霜冰箱full size ultracentrifuge 大型超速离心机fume hood 通风橱Ggas chromatography 气相层析ge

23、l 凝胶gel chromatography 凝胶层析gel comb 凝胶梳gel dryer 凝胶干燥仪gel imaging system 凝胶成像系统gene 基因gene chip 基因芯片gene cloning 基因克隆gene expression 基因表达gene inactivation 基因失活gene knock-out 基因敲除gene library 基因文库genetic analyzer 全自动遗传分析仪genetic engineering 基因工程genome 基因组genomic DNA 基因组DNAgenomic library 基因组文库glasswa

24、re 玻璃仪器glass graduates with scale 刻度量杯glass stopper 玻璃瓶塞globulin 球蛋白glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) 6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) 谷草转氨酶glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) 谷丙转氨酶glycogen 糖原gradient centrifugation 梯度离心gradient thermal cycler 梯度PCR仪graduated cylinder 量筒growt

25、h media 培养基Hhemoglobin 血红蛋白heat shock protein (HSP) 热休克蛋白heating bath 加热水浴箱heat-stable 耐热的，热稳定的heparin 肝素high density lipoprotein (HDL) 高密度脂蛋白高效液相层析，高效液相色谱法high pressure steam sterilizer 高压蒸汽灭菌器high speed centrifuge 高速离心机high speed refrigerated centrifuge 高速冷冻离心机high speed centrifugation 高速离心histidi

26、ne (His, H) 组氨酸homogenate 组织匀浆homogenize 匀浆homogenizer 匀浆器homoiothermic 恒温的horizontal gel electrophoresis system 水平凝胶电泳仪horseradish peroxidase 辣根过氧化物酶host 宿主hybrid molecule 杂交分子hybridization 杂交hybridization in situ 原位杂交Iice machine 制冰机ice scoop 冰勺immunoblotting 免疫印迹法immunoradioautography 免疫放射自显影inac

27、tivation 灭活incubation 保温，温浴incubator 培养箱induce 诱导induced mutagenesis 诱变inducer 诱导物induction 诱导作用infection 感染inhibitor 抑制剂insertion inactivation 插入灭活insertion sequence (IS) 插入序列in situ hybridization 原位杂交in situ PCR 原位PCRinsulin 胰岛素in vitro 体外，试管内in vivo 体内iodacetamide 碘乙酰胺ion-exchange resin 离子交换树脂ion

28、 exchange chromatography 离子交换层析ionic strength 离子强度isoelectric focusing 等电聚焦isoelectric focusing system 等电聚焦仪isoelectric point (pI) 等电点isoelectric separation 等电分离Jjar 广口瓶Kkalium 钾kinase 激酶 kinetic coefficient 动力学系数kinetic constant 动力学常数 Klenow fragment Klenow片段，DNA聚合酶I大片段Llab cart 实验室样品推车lab sink 实验室

29、水槽 lab stool 实验凳laboratory notebook 实验记录本laboratory coat 工作服label 标签lactose 乳糖laser scanning confocal microscope 激光扫描共焦显微镜Lambert-Beer law 朗伯-比尔定律latex glove 乳胶手套ligand 配体ligase 连接酶 liquid nitrogen 液氮liquid nitrogen storage tank 液氮储存罐loop 细菌接种环low speed centrifuge 低速离心机lysis 溶菌作用lysozyme 溶菌酶Mmagnetic stirrer 磁力搅拌器malonic acid 丙二酸marker 记号笔medicine dropper 滴管medium 培养液methylase 甲基化酶methylation 甲基化methylene blue 亚