现在完成时态和过去进行时.docx

1、现在完成时态和过去进行时授课人：Miss Wu 授课时间：2010.7.22 13:0015:30（共2小时）学生：章金金 年级：初三一、现在完成时用法 （1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是

2、:现在已在此地) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. for+时段 since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来） since+时段+ago since+从句（过去时） It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词 come/arrive

3、/reach/get to-be in go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead 1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a

4、cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b)用“be形容词”代终止性动词 1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall (get) ill 3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep 5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、bemissing(gone,lost)代lo

5、se c)用“be副词”代终止性动词 1“beon”代start,begin 2“beup”代get up 3“beback(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 d)用“be介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to 常用瞬间动词变延续性

6、动词表： 1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. have been in sw./at相应的介词 2. have come/gone back/returned have been back 3. have come/gone out have been out 4. have become have been 5. have closed / opened have been close/open 6. have got up have been up； 7. have died have be

7、en dead； 8. have left sw. have been away from sw. 9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep； 10. have finished/ended/completed have been over； 11. havemarried have been married； 12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ； 13. have begun have been on 14. have borrowed/bought have kep

8、t/had 15. have lost havent had 16. have put on have worn 17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold； 18. have got to know have known 19. have/has gone to have been in 20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Partys member/the

9、 league member/the soldier 注意： 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语） 如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用. 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 ,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently (

10、lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ? 3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用, 如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still goo

11、d. George has met that gentleman on several occasions. 4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用, 如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the a

12、tom. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful. 5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four texts this semester. 6.现在

13、完成时的完成用法 现在完成时的完成用法指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。 例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。) 现在完成时完成用法的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning month year.，today等)连用。 例如： Have you found

14、 your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？ 7.现在完成时的未完成用法 现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。 例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。) 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的

15、时间状语(如：up to now，so far)等。 例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。 注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。 8.一段时间+has passed+since从句 9. 现在完成时常和短语 up to now /till now, so far (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.) Up to/till now hes read many

16、story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。 Ive been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。 10 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 gone:去了没回 been to :去过 been in：呆了很久现在完成时练习题一、翻译下列句子：1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。、4. 他已经吃过午饭了。5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？6. 我哥哥还没回来。7. 我上星期看过这部电影。8. 在1992年他住在这里。9.这本字典我

17、已买了三年了。10.他离开中国三年了。二、一）用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ nev

18、er _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once. 二） 用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country.2) John _ England since he came back.3) How long _ have _ this village?4) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.5) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _

19、there many times.6) I _ this school since three years ago.三）选择填空 ( )1.Jims been to the Great wall before , ?(A)isnt (B)wasnt (C)hasnt (D)doesnt( )2.Shes never been to England, she?(A)has (B)hasnt (C)isnt (D)is( )2._has Hanmei been in the library.(A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often( )3.Ho

20、w long _he_the library book .(A)has,borrow (B)has,kept (C)has,bought (D)did,buy( )4.Mr Green isnt in the office , He to the library(A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go( )5.Mr smith to Tokyo and he will be back in a week(A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone( )6.They_ China for two

21、years (A)have been to (B)have been in(c)have gone to (D)have come toExercises10A）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _. 12) I moved to the USA last ye

22、ar.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be back come/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became

23、 a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be dead leave sw. be a

24、way from sw. fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleep finish/end be over marry be married1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six ho

25、urs.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth. begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _. 2borrow keep lose not have buy h

26、ave put on wear catch/get a cold have a cold get to know know1) They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3) I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to hav

27、e been in1) He has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _