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高中语法精品学案动词和动词短语.docx

1、高中语法精品学案动词和动词短语2012版英语一轮语法专项精品学案:动词和动词短语(新人教版)考点精讲领悟【考点一】高考高频动词分类1接不定式(不接动名词)作宾语的24个常用动词afford(买得起;有能力做),agree(同意),arrange(安排),ask(要求;让),beg(请求),fail(失败),choose(选择),decide(决定),demand(要求),determine(决定),expect(期待),fear(害怕),help(帮助),hope(希望),learn(学习),manage(设法),offer(提出),plan(计划),prepare(准备),pretend(假

2、装),promise(许诺),refuse(拒绝),want(想要),wish(希望)It is a very important exam so I cant afford to fail it.这是非常重要的考试,我不可以失败。My neighbour offered to help me when I was in trouble.当我困难时,邻居主动提出帮我忙。2接动名词(不接不定式)作宾语的28个常用动词admit(承认),advise(建议),allow(允许),appreciate(感激),avoid(避免),consider(考虑),delay(推迟),deny(否认),dis

3、like(不喜欢),enjoy(喜欢),escape(逃避),fancy(想象),finish(完成),forbid(禁止),stand(忍受),imagine(想象),keep(继续),mention(提到),mind(介意),miss(错过),permit(允许),practise(练习),prohibit(禁止),report(报道),risk(冒险),stop(停止),suggest(建议),understand(理解)I really appreciate working with someone who does such a good job.我非常乐意与工作如此出色的人共事。C

4、an I smoke here?我可以在这里吸烟吗?Sorry.We dont allow smoking here.对不起,我们不允许在这里吸烟。3接不定式作宾补的33个常用动词advise(建议),allow(允许),ask(要求),beg(请求),cause(导致),command(命令),drive(驱使),elect(选举),encourage(鼓励),expect(期望),forbid(禁止),force(强迫),get(使;要),help(帮助),intend(打算),invite(邀请),leave(委托),like(喜欢),mean(打算),need(需要),oblige(迫

5、使),order(命令),permit(允许),persuade(说服),prefer(宁愿),request(要求),remind(提醒),teach(教),tell(告诉),train(训练),want(想要),warn(警告),wish(希望)Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself,but her parents did not allow her to do so.玛丽想独自一人环游世界,但是她父母不允许她这样做。Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.参观者请

6、勿触摸展品。4接现在分词作宾补的15个常用动词catch(碰上;撞上),discover(发现),feel(感觉),find(发现),get(让,使),have(使),hear(听见),keep(使),listen to(听),look at(看),notice(注意到),observe(观察),see(看见),start(使),watch(观察)She observed a man walking in the street.来源:学科网她看到一个男子在大街上行走。He had the light burning all night long.他让灯着了整整一个晚上。5主动语态中接动词原形作

7、宾补的11个常用动词feel(感觉),have(使),hear(听见),let(让),listen to(听),look at(看),make(使;让),notice(注意),observe(观察),see(看见),watch(观察)To be honest,I didnt notice them come in.诚实地说,我没注意到他进来。6. 接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词like(喜欢),love(喜爱),hate(讨厌),prefer(宁愿),begin(开始),start(开始),continue(继续),cant bear(不能忍受),bother(费心),intend

8、(想要),attempt(试图)Having talked to him for a while I started to like him.和他聊了一会儿,我开始喜欢他了。They have already started planning for it.他们早已开始计划此事了。7可接双宾语的34个常用单词(1)双宾语易位时需借助介词to的19个常用动词award(授予),bring(带来),hand(递),lend(借),mail(邮寄),offer(提供),owe(欠),pass(递),pay(付钱),post(寄),read(读),return(归还),send(送),sell(卖),

9、show(展示),teach(教),tell(告诉),throw(扔),write(写)They awarded the first prize to John.他们授予约翰一等奖。(2)双宾语易位时需借助介词for 的15个常用动词book(预订),buy(购买),choose(选择),cook(煮),draw(画),fetch(去取),find(找到),fix(安装),get(取得,带来),make(做),order(订购),prepare(准备),save(节省),sing(唱),spare(留出)I cant spare time for a holiday at present.目前

10、我抽不出时间度假。8可用于“动词sb.of sth.”的8个常见动词accuse(控告),cheat(欺骗),cure(治愈),inform(通知),remind(提醒),rid(摆脱),rob(抢劫),warn(警告)This photo reminds me of my school days.这张照片使我想起了学生时代。9可用于“动词sb.for doing sth.”的8个常见动词blame(指责),criticise(批评),forgive(原谅),excuse(原谅),pardon(原谅),punish(惩罚),scold(指责),thank(感谢)Forgive me for s

11、aying so,but I think thats nonsense.请原谅我这么说,我认为那是无稽之谈。【经典考题】1. In this day and age,women can have children and jobs as well.I cant agree more.Its great to have the two_.Alinked BrelatedCconnected Dcombined解析: 句意为:在当今时代,妇女既可以带孩子又可以工作。我完全赞成。把两者结合起来太棒了。本题考查动词词义辨析。link 指将两事物相连接;relate指将两事物联系起来;connect也指

12、将两事物相连接或联系;combine 指把两者结合起来。根据句意,故D项正确。答案: D2 The majority of people in the town strongly_the plan to build a playground for children.Aconsider BsupportCconfirm Dsubmit来源:学_科_网Z_X_X_K解析: 本题考查动词。句意为:这个镇上大部分人都非常支持为孩子们建操场的计划。consider 考虑,认为;support 支持,支撑,养活;confirm 确认;submit 提交,呈递,屈服。根据句意以及副词strongly可得知

13、答案为B项。答案: B3(2010天津卷)He telephoned the travel agency to_three air tickets to London.Aorder BarrangeCtake Dbook解析: 句意为:他给旅行社打电话订了三张去伦敦的机票。本题考查动词辨析。order:request sb.to bring(food,drink,etc.)in a hotel,restaurant,etc.(在旅馆、饭店等)叫(饭菜、饮料等);book:reserve(a place,accommodation,etc.),buy(a ticket,etc.)in advan

14、ce预订(位子,膳宿等),预购(票等);arrange安排,布置;take 拿走,取走。答案: D4 Parents_much importance to education.They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.Aattach BpayClink Dapply解析: 句意为:父母认为教育很重要。他们会尽全力给他们的孩子那份无价的礼物。本题考查动词短语搭配。attach much importance to.认为很重要;link.to.把与联系起来;apply(.)to 运用,应用。答案: A5 T

15、he new movie_to be one of the biggest moneymakers of all time.Apromises Bagrees Cpretends Ddeclines解析: 句意为:这部新电影有望成为有史以来最赚钱的电影之一。本题考查动词辨析。promise to be有希望成为;agree to do sth.同意做某事;pretend to do sth.假装做某事;decline to do sth.拒绝做某事。答案: A【考点二】高考高频动词短语1常用短语(1)base.on.把建立在基础上(2)care about 在乎,计较,介意(常用于否定句和疑问

16、句)来源:学科网ZXXK(3)cheer up高兴起来,振作起来(4)carry out 实施,完成(5)catch up with 赶上(6)date back to/from 追溯至,始于(7)hold back 阻挡,忍住,保留,隐瞒(8)knock down 撞倒,击倒(9)lay aside 把搁置一旁,储存(10)work out 算出,制定出2与不同介词(副词)搭配的动词breakbreak away from 脱离 break down 坏掉,出故障;垮掉break into 闯入,破门而入 break out (战争)爆发break in 破门而入 break off 打断,

17、中断break through 逾越,突破;冲破break up 打碎;(物理)分解;分开;结束;制止call来源:Zxxk.Comcall for 需要;邀请 call on/at号召;访问call in 召集;召来 call up 召唤,召集;打电话call off 取消comecome about 发生 come across 偶遇come to 共计,达到,苏醒 come true 变为现实come up 走上前,被提出 come up with 提出come into being 形成get get about 四处走动;传开 get across 传达get away 逃脱,设法离

18、开 get down 下来;记下get in 收割;到达 get off 出发;下班get together 聚会 get through 接通;通过get down to 开始认真干 get over 克服get along/on with 进展;相处givegive up 放弃 give in屈服give out 用尽;分发 give away泄露;赠送;颁发give off 发出 give back 归还,使恢复gogo against 违背;对不利 go ahead 开始,进展,进行go after/for 追逐,追求 go without 勉强维持;凑合go in for 爱好,参加

19、,从事 go through 通过;经历go over 复习;仔细审查 go by 过去,经过holdhold back 隐瞒;控制(情感) hold out维持;抵抗;硬撑hold up使耽搁 hold on 坚持;别挂(电话)hold together 团结一致 hold on to 保留,抓住不放makemake up for 补偿,弥补 make out 辨认出make fun of 取笑 make up ones mind 下定决心make sense 有道理(意义),讲得通make good/full use of.充分利用make up 编造;组成;构成;补齐;凑足putput

20、aside 把放在一边 put away 把收好put down 扑灭,平息 put forward 提出put off 延期;推诿 put out 扑灭;生产put up with 忍受,容忍put up 挂起,张贴;搭起;为某人提供食宿turnturn down拒绝;调低 turn in 上交turn out 结果是,证明是 turn over 移交,交给turn up 出现;调高 turn off 关掉turn on打开 turn away 走开turn to 求助于;翻到【经典考题】1. Thousands of people_to watch yesterdays match aga

21、inst Ireland.Aturned on Bturned inCturned around Dturned out解析: 句意为:结果成千上万的人观看了昨天对阵爱尔兰的比赛。本题考查动词短语。turn on打开(电器);turn in上交;turn around转身;turn out 结果是,证明是。答案: D2 Weve just moved into a bigger house and theres a lot to do.Lets_it.Akeep up with Bdo away withCget down to Dlook forward to解析: 句意为:我们刚搬进一幢较

22、大的房子,有许多事要做。让我们着手做吧。本题考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“跟上”;B项意为“废除,去掉”;C项意为“开始,着手做”;D项意为“期望”。答案: C3 After that,he knew he could_any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.Aget away with Bget on withCget through Dget across解析: 句意为:之后,他明白了只要尽其所能,把能力发挥到最好就能解决任何紧急事件。get away with 意为“带着逃脱,离开”;get on wi

23、th 意为“继续做”;get through 意为“通过,做完,解决”;get across 意为“越过,被理解,通过”。根据句意可知答案为C项。答案: C4 No matter how low you consider yourself,there is always someone_you wishing they were that high.Agetting rid of Bgetting along withClooking up to Dlooking down upon解析: 句意为:无论你把自己看得多么的低微,总是有人仰慕你并希望(像你)那么高大。本题考查动词词组辨析。look

24、 up to 仰视、尊敬;get rid of 除掉;get along with 相处、进展;look down upon 轻视、看不起。答案: C5 Joining the firm as a clerk,he got rapid promotion,and_as a manager.Aended up Bdropped outCcame back Dstarted off解析: 句意为:他进入公司时只是一个小职员,后来晋升很快,最终当上了经理。本题考查动词短语辨析。end up as职位/职业表示“最终做了某职位或职业”;drop out 退学或退出;come back 回来;start

25、 off 出发。答案: A高考集训启迪【2011全国卷,34】William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to .A.disappear B.fall C.fail D.damage【答案】C【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】disappear消失,不复存在;fall降落,跌倒,降低;fail (指健康)衰退, 衰弱;damage损害, 毁坏, 加害于。句意为“William 发现阅读越来越困难了,因为他的视力开始衰退了。”“increasingly difficult越来越困难”

26、是个渐进的过程,故选C。【2011全国卷II,10】Mary, I_John of his promise to help you.A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised【答案】B【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“玛丽,我已经提醒约翰注意他帮助你的承诺了。”remind of就提醒(某人),使(某人)想起;warn含有警告的意思。【2011天津卷,6】I a bank account after I made1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.A.borrowed B

27、.opened C.entered D.ordered【答案】B【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“暑假兼职打工挣了1000美元后,我在银行开了帐户。”open a bank account在银行开帐户。【2011江苏卷,28】Are you still mad at her?来源:学科网ZXXKNot really, but I cant _ that her remarks hurt me.Adeny Brefuse Creject Ddecline【答案】A【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“你还生她的气吗?不见得,但是我不否认她的话伤害了我。”deny否认,否定;refuse,

28、reject ,decline都是拒绝的意思。not deny无法否认。故选A。【2011福建卷,28】Id prefer to my judgement until I find all the evidence.A.show B. express C.pass D.reserve【答案】D【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“我宁愿保留我的判断直到我发现所有的证据。”reserve预订或保留(座位、住处等),推迟,留到以后,与后面的until相一致。【2011安徽卷,21】As the story_, the truth about the strange figure is slowl

29、y discovered.A. begins B. happens C. ends D. develops【答案】D【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“随着故事的展开,这个神秘数字的真相渐渐地被解开了。”develop开发, 发展,把(主题或情节)逐步展现出来。根据句意选D。【2011湖北卷,26】Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also_ our thinking.A. direct B. limit C. change D. improve【答案】B【考点】考查

30、动词的辨析。【解析】句意为“如果我们想要获得成功,知识和学习很重要。但是它们或许会限制我们的思维。”direct指示, 指引,导演(戏剧或电影);指挥(管弦乐队);limit限制;change改变;improve改进,改善。根据句中but的转折,选B。【2011湖北卷,27】The minister said. “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but well never_ with criminals.”A. negotiate B. quarrel C. argue D. consult【答案】A【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】negotiate谈判;quarrel吵架,争吵;argue辩论,争辩;consult商议,咨询。句意为“部长说:我们愿意与任何合法党派进行讨论,但我们决不与犯罪分子谈判。”根据句意选A。【2011湖北卷,28】Clinical evidence began to_, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments

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