茄子苗嫁接栽培技术方面分析.docx

1、茄子苗嫁接栽培技术方面分析 茄子苗嫁接栽培技术方面分析1嫁接茄材料的采集、播种和育苗1 collection, sowing and seedling grafting eggplant materials 1.1采集种子1.1 to collect seeds 于野生水茄浆果成熟期(712月)，采集粗壮、果形圆滑和着色好的黄色果实去皮净籽晒干待用。与此同时，备好在本地表现产量高、品质优、抗性强的良种茄子种子(岑溪可用华航润丰一号)，为培育接穗做好准备。In water in tomato fruits mature period (7 12 months), gathering a thic

2、k, shape good pliable and shaded yellow fruit peel net dry seeds. Prepare good local performance, meanwhile, high yield, excellent quality, strong resistance varieties of eggplant seeds (CenXi CAL embellish feng 1) are available, and for cultivating a scion. 1.2播前种子处理1.2 seed treatment before planti

3、ng 晒种浸种前将种子拿到室外暴晒68h，提高种子的发芽率，让阳光中的紫外线杀死粘附在种子表面的部分病原菌。种子消毒和浸种种子消毒和浸种是个连续进行的过程，常用的方法是温汤浸种法。具体做法是：用2份开水、1份凉水兑成约55(病原菌致死的温度)的热水，用水量为种子的510倍(根据种子量的多少定水量，种子少则用水量相对多些)，将种子倾入水中后立即进行搅拌，在热水中泡浸15min，然后加入凉水使水温降到30左右，再泡浸1012h后捞起晾干。Basked in (1) kind of seed soaking seeds will get outdoor exposure before 6 8 h,

4、improve seed germination rate, make the ultraviolet ray in sunshine adhered to kill pathogenic bacteria in seeds on the surface of the part. (2) seed disinfection disinfection and seed soaking seeds and seed is a continuous process, the commonly used method is lukewarm water seed soaking method. Par

5、ticular way is: 1 with 2 copies of boiled water, cold water against the into 55 (pathogenic bacteria lethal temperature) of hot water, water for 5 10 times that of seeds (according to how much water, seeds quantity of seed water consumption is relatively much less), seeds will pour into the water im

6、mediately after mixing, soaking in the hot water soak for 15 min, then add the cold water makes the water temperature to around 30 , then soak 10 12 h after scooping up to dry. 1.3播种与育苗1.3 the sowing and seedling 1.3.1种子催芽常规育苗水茄(刺茄)种子较难发芽，有三种催芽方法：直播将种子浸泡48h，苗床消毒后浇足底水，均匀播种，覆土后盖膜，昼夜温差达10，1015d出苗。温箱变温处

7、理将种子浸泡48h，捞起晾干后装入布袋，放入恒温箱中，调节温度，308h、2016h，反复变温处理，每天用清水洗1次种子，8d即可出芽。激素处理按每kg水加100200mg赤霉素比例配成的液体浸泡24h后，再用清水浸泡24h，放置温箱中变温处理催芽，一般45d即可出芽。1.3.1 seeds sprouting routine (thorn in tomato seeds and tomato seedling water are difficult to germinate, there are three kinds of accelerating germination method:

8、(1) on the seed soaking 48 h, seedbed watered foot after disinfection, uniform seeding, turns the soil back cover film, 10 temperature gap between day and night, 10 15 d emergence. (2) the thermostat temperature processing will seed soaking 48 h, rescued after air into the bag, in the constant tempe

9、rature box, adjust temperature, 30 16 h, 8 h, 20 temperature treatment repeatedly, seed wash 1 times a day, 8 d budding. (3) hormone treatment per kg of water and 100 200 mg of proportion of ga3 soaking liquid after 24 h, reoccupy clear water soak for 24 h, the placing temperature in variable temper

10、ature treatment sprouting, usually 4 5 d budding. 1.3.2播种茄子在北回归线一带可常年露地栽培，播种期无特别要求，接穗育苗应比砧木育苗晚播2530 d。春播可在春节前后进行，用薄膜保温。秋植种子可在6月下旬7月上中旬播种，播种量为10gm2，砧木和接穗的用种量为每667m22530g，砧木苗和接穗苗播在同一田块或相邻的田块，当砧木和接穗长到23片真叶时分苗，株行距为8cm，以便嫁接。1.3.2 sowing eggplant in the area of the tropic of cancer and will open, seeding

11、time, no special requirements, scion nursery should be later than the scion nursery 25 30 d. Spring sowing can be in before and after the Spring Festival, with the film heat preservation. Autumn planting seeds can be in late June - July occurrence peak sowing, sowing rates of 10 g/m2, rootstock and

12、scion YongZhongLiang per 667 m225 30 g, grafted seedlings and grafting seedlings planting in the same field or adjacent field, when the rootstock and scion length to 2 3 true leaf at seedling, plant spacing is 8 cm, for grafting. 1.3.3育苗播种后保持苗床湿润，并做好病虫害的防治和肥水管理。1.3.3 keep seedbed moist after seedlin

13、g planting, and completes the diseases and insect pests prevention and control and water management. 2嫁接和嫁接苗的管理2 management of grafting and grafting 1嫁接1.1嫁接适期和用具当水茄实生苗长到6片真叶、接穗苗长至56片真叶时为嫁接的适宜时期。过早嫁接因茎细不便操作，过迟因植株木质化程度高影响嫁接成活率。嫁接用具主要用刮须刀片和嫁接夹，嫁接夹为塑料嫁接夹，小巧灵活，可提高嫁接效率，是目前最理想的嫁接固定物。使用嫁接夹，接口处保持一定的压力，避免砧穗松

14、动错位而影响成活率，也可用宽11.5cm、长56cm的塑料薄膜固定嫁接口。使用前将刀片和嫁接夹或薄膜条放入200倍的福尔马林液中浸泡35h进行消毒。嫁接场地光线要强，嫁接前1d苗地要浇透水。1.2嫁接方法常用劈接法嫁接：当水茄砧木长到6片真叶时，在第二和第三片真叶间将茎平切断，去掉真叶处的腋芽，然后在茎中间劈开，形成向下11.5cm的切口，选与砧木茎粗相近的接穗苗(一般有56片真叶)，保留苗顶23片真叶，去掉下端(即在半木质化处)，并在两边削成双面楔形，楔长11.5cm，与砧木刀口深度一致，随即将接穗插入砧木的切口中，然后用嫁接夹夹在接口处或用上述的薄膜条在嫁接口处缠绕，并用曲别针卡住两端即可

15、。1 grafting 1.1 optimum period and utensils when water in tomato west length to 6 true leaf, grafting seedling length to 5 6 true leaf for grafting in the appropriate period. Grafting for stem thin inconvenience operation early, too late for plant high lignification degree affect the grafting surviv

16、al rate. Grafting tools mainly use shaving blades and clip, grafting clips for plastic clip, flexible, can improve the efficiency of grafting, is currently the most ideal graft fixation. Using grafting clips, interfaces to maintain a certain pressure, avoid anvil loose panicle dislocation and affect

17、s the survival rate, also can use 1-1.5 cm wide, long 5 6 cm plastic film fixed the graft. Before using the blade and grafting clips or BoMoTiao in 200 times of formalin liquid soak for 3 5 h disinfected. Grafting area light is stronger, 1 d MiaoDe before pouring water. Grafting cleft grafting metho

18、d, grafting methods commonly used: 1.2 when water in tomato root stock long to six true leaf, between the second and third true leaf to stem flat cut, remove the leaf to the axillary bud, then split in the middle of the stem, downward 1 1.5 cm incision, choose close to stock stem diameter of graftin

19、g seedlings (usually 5 6 true leaf) to retain seedlings in 2 3 true leaf, remove the bottom (i.e., at half lignification), and cut into a double wedge type on both sides, the wedge 1-1.5 cm long, with uniform depth of the root stock edge, then insert the scion root stock incision, and then clip on i

20、nterfaces with grafting or use the above BoMoTiao in marry interface, with a paper clip stuck at both ends. 2嫁接苗的管理2 management of grafting 嫁接后，砧木与接穗的愈合过程分为接合、愈合、融合和成活四个时期。嫁接初期，嫁接对温度、湿度和光照都有较高要求，是嫁接成活的关键时期。温度应维持25左右，白天要求2528，夜间2022，温度高于30或低于20都不利于愈伤组织的形成。管理上，春季应盖小拱棚和纸皮等，秋季温度过高应注意避光降温。嫁接苗在愈合前对湿度要求较高，

21、相对空气湿度要求保持在90以上，但要注意不能在苗床上浇水，可采用畦沟灌水渗透润地。嫁接后遮光3d，防止高温和保持苗地(小拱棚)内的湿度。由于此时期内接穗和砧木之间的愈伤组织未形成，不能进行水分和养分的传输，若阳光直射茄苗则容易引起接穗萎蔫，在嫁接后第三天傍晚才可逐渐进光，中午防止强光，遇阴雨天可不遮光。一般10d左右可逐渐撤掉小拱棚覆盖物及塑料膜，转入正常的管理阶段。After grafting rootstock and scion of the healing process is divided into joint, healing, integration, and survival

22、 four periods. Early grafting, grafting has higher requirements on temperature, humidity and light, is the key of the grafts take. Temperature 25 or so and should remain unchanged during the request from 25 to 28 , 20 22 at night temperature is above 30 or below 20 is not conducive to the formation

23、of callus. Management, spring should cover small GongPeng paper and leather, etc., high temperature should pay attention to avoid light cool autumn. Grafting before healing of humidity, the demand is higher, relative air humidity requirements remain above 90%, but should pay attention to water cant

24、on the bed, can be used in furrow irrigation penetration embellish. Shading 3 d after grafting, prevent heat and keep MiaoDe (small GongPeng) in humidity. Due to the period between the scion and rootstock callus formed, not to transport water and nutrients, if direct sunlight in tomato seedling wilt

25、ing, is likely to cause a scion after grafting on the third day, the evening can gradually into the light, at noon to prevent strong light, meet the rainy day dont shading. Can be gradually removed in about 10 d small GongPeng and plastic film mulch, into normal management phase. 3大田的栽培管理3 field cul

26、tivation management 1整地施肥1 site preparation fertilization 嫁接苗移植大田后长势强，生长迅速，可实行35a宿根栽培，因此大田整地时要深耕，每667m2施足优质有机肥500kg以上，加施磷酸二铵和硫酸钾各30 kg或施尿素10kg、磷酸二铵和硫酸钾各20kg。After grafting transplantation field grows strong, rapid growth, may apply 3 5 a perennial root cultivation, field to deep soil preparation, th

27、erefore, each 667 m2 enough high quality organic fertilizer rates above 500 kg, plus 30 kg or applied urea diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate in each 10 kg potassium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, and the 20 kg. 2定植2, home 当嫁接茄苗成活长出23片真叶时即可移栽大田，采取双行定植，株距0.60.7m，行距1.0m，每667m2栽10001100株。Grafti

28、ng in tomato seedlings survival, when 2 3 piece of leaf is activated when transplanting field, adopt double row planting, planting distance is 0.6 0.7 m, 1.0 m spacing, each 667 m2 strain 1000 1100. 3定植后管理3 after field planting management 定植后应及时抹除砧木萌芽，并在门茄即第一朵花开花坐果前去掉嫁接夹子。保护地栽培应在开花时蘸花保果。After engraf

29、tment should erase the scion bud in time, and in front of the door in tomato namely the first flower blossom fruit remove grafting clips. Protectorate cultivation should dip in flower and fruit during flowering. 嫁接茄苗移栽大田后长势猛、吸肥能力强，因而需肥量大。在施足基肥的基础上，移栽成活后结合浇水，每667m2混合施尿素和复合肥各5kg，以后每10d薄施1次，以满足植株生长发育的需

30、要。Grafting in tomato seedlings after transplanting field is growing fierce, fertilizer absorption ability is strong, and fertilizer requirement. In application based on the sufficient basal, transplanting survival after water, each 667 m2 of urea and compound fertilizer mix 5 kg, 10 d thin after 1 time, in order to meet the needs of plant growth and development.