基础化学术语课件.docx

1、基础化学术语课件BET公式BETformulaDLVO理论DLVOtheoryHLB法hydrophile-lipophilebalancemethodpVT性质pVTproperty电势zetapotential阿伏加德罗常数Avogadronumber阿伏加德罗定律Avogadrolaw阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrheniusionizationtheory阿累尼乌斯方程Arrheniusequation阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrheniusactivationenergy阿马格定律Amagatlaw艾林方程Eryingequation爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einsteinslawofphotoch

2、emicalequivalence爱因斯坦斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokesequation安托万常数Antoineconstant安托万方程Antoineequation盎萨格电导理论Onsagerstheoryofconductance半电池halfcell半衰期halftimeperiod饱和液体saturatedliquids饱和蒸气saturatedvapor饱和吸附量saturatedextentofadsorption饱和蒸气压saturatedvaporpressure爆炸界限explosionlimits比表面功specificsurfacework比表面吉布斯函数s

3、pecificsurfaceGibbsfunction比浓粘度reducedviscosity标准电动势standardelectromotiveforce标准电极电势standardelectrodepotential标准摩尔反应焓standardmolarreactionenthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standardGibbsfunctionofmolarreaction标准摩尔反应熵standardmolarreactionentropy标准摩尔焓函数standardmolarenthalpyfunction标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standardmolarGibbsfreeen

4、ergyfunction标准摩尔燃烧焓standardmolarcombustionenthalpy标准摩尔熵standardmolarentropy标准摩尔生成焓standardmolarformationenthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standardmolarformationGibbsfunction标准平衡常数standardequilibriumconstant标准氢电极standardhydrogenelectrode标准态standardstate标准熵standardentropy标准压力standardpressure标准状况standardcondition表观活化

5、能apparentactivationenergy表观摩尔质量apparentmolecularweight表观迁移数apparenttransferencenumber表面surfaces表面过程控制surfaceprocesscontrol表面活性剂surfactants表面吸附量surfaceexcess表面张力surfacetension表面质量作用定律surfacemassactionlaw波义尔定律Boylelaw波义尔温度Boyletemperature波义尔点Boylepoint玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmannconstant玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmanndistribution

6、玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmannformula玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmannentropytheorem玻色爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einsteinstatistics泊Poise不可逆过程irreversibleprocess不可逆过程热力学thermodynamicsofirreversibleprocesses不可逆相变化irreversiblephasechange布朗运动brownianmovement查理定律Charleslaw产率yield敞开系统opensystem超电势overpotential沉降sedimentation沉降电势sedimentationpotential沉

7、降平衡sedimentationequilibrium触变thixotropy粗分散系统thickdispersesystem催化剂catalyst单分子层吸附理论monomoleculelayeradsorption单分子反应unimolecularreaction单链反应straightchainreactions弹式量热计bombcalorimeter道尔顿定律Daltonlaw道尔顿分压定律Daltonpartialpressurelaw德拜和法尔肯哈根效应DebyeandFalkenhageneffect德拜立方公式Debyecubicformula德拜休克尔极限公式Debye-Hu

8、ckelslimitingequation等焓过程isenthalpicprocess等焓线isenthalpicline等几率定理theoremofequalprobability等温等容位Helmholtzfreeenergy等温等压位Gibbsfreeenergy等温方程equationatconstanttemperature低共熔点eutecticpoint低共熔混合物eutecticmixture低会溶点lowerconsolutepoint低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric第二类永动机perpetualmachineofthesecondkind第三定律熵third-lawentr

9、opy第一类永动机perpetualmachineofthefirstkind缔合化学吸附associationchemicaladsorption电池常数cellconstant电池电动势electromotiveforceofcells电池反应cellreaction电导conductance电导率conductivity电动势的温度系数temperaturecoefficientofelectromotiveforce电动电势zetapotential电动现象electrokineticphenomena电功electricwork电化学electrochemistry电化学极化elec

10、trochemicalpolarization电极电势electrodepotential电极反应reactionsontheelectrode电极种类typeofelectrodes电解池electrolyticcell电量计coulometer电流效率currentefficiency电迁移electromigration电迁移率electromobility电渗electroosmosis电渗析electrodialysis电泳electrophoresis丁达尔效应Dyndalleffect定容摩尔热容molarheatcapacityunderconstantvolume定容温度计C

11、onstantvoIumethermometer定压摩尔热容molarheatcapacityunderconstantpressure定压温度计constantpressurethermometer定域子系统localizedparticlesystem动力学方程kineticequations动力学控制kineticscontrol独立子系统independentparticlesystem对比摩尔体积reducedmolevolume对比体积reducedvolume对比温度reducedtemperature对比压力reducedpressure对称数symmetrynumber对行反

12、应reversiblereactions对应状态原理principleofcorrespondingstate多方过程polytropicprocess多分子层吸附理论adsorptiontheoryofmulti-molecularlayers二级反应secondorderreaction二级相变secondorderphasechange法拉第常数faradayconstant法拉第定律Faradayslaw法扬思-帕尼思规则Fajans-Pancthsrule反电动势backE.M.F.反渗透reverseosmosis反应分子数molecularity反应级数reactionorder

13、s反应进度extentofreaction反应热heatofreaction反应速率rateofreaction反应速率常数constantofreactionrate范德华常数vanderWaalsconstant范德华方程vanderWaalsequation范德华力vanderWaalsforce范德华气体vanderWaalsgases范特霍夫方程vantHoffequation范特霍夫规则vantHoffrule范特霍夫渗透压公式vantHoffequationofosmoticpressure非基元反应non-elementaryreactions非体积功non-volumewor

14、k非依时计量学反应timeindependentstoichiometricreactions菲克扩散第一定律Ficksfirstlawofdiffusion沸点boilingpoint沸点升高elevationofboilingpoint费米狄拉克统计Fermi-Diracstatistics分布distribution分布数distributionnumbers分解电压decompositionvoltage分配定律distributionlaw分散系统dispersesystem分散相dispersionphase分体积partialvolume分体积定律partialvolumelaw

15、分压partialpressure分压定律partialpressurelaw分子反应力学mechanicsofmolecularreactions分子间力intermolecularforce分子蒸馏moleculardistillation封闭系统closedsystem附加压力excesspressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlichempiricalformulaofadsorption负极negativepole负吸附negativeadsorption复合反应compositereaction盖?吕萨克定律Gay-Lussaclaw盖斯定律Hesslaw甘汞电极calo

16、melelectrode感胶离子序lyotropicseries杠杆规则leverrule高分子溶液macromolecularsolution高会溶点upperconsolutepoint隔离法theisolationmethod格罗塞斯德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoerslaw隔离系统isolatedsystem根均方速率root-mean-squarespeed功work功函workcontent共轭溶液conjugatesolution共沸温度azeotropictemperature构型熵configurationalentropy孤立系统isolatedsystem固溶胶so

17、lidsol固态混合物solidsolution固相线solidphaseline光反应photoreaction光化学第二定律thesecondlawofactinochemistry光化学第一定律thefirstlawofactinochemistry光敏反应photosensitizedreactions光谱熵spectrumentropy广度性质extensiveproperty广延量extensivequantity广延性质extensiveproperty规定熵stipulatedentropy过饱和溶液oversaturatedsolution过饱和蒸气oversaturated

18、vapor过程process过渡状态理论transitionstatetheory过冷水super-cooledwater过冷液体overcooledliquid过热液体overheatedliquid亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtzfunction亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtzfunctioncriterion亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtzfreeenergy亥氏函数Helmholtzfunction焓enthalpy亨利常数Henryconstant亨利定律Henrylaw恒沸混合物constantboilingmixture恒容摩尔热容molarheatcapacityatconst

19、antvolume恒容热heatatconstantvolume恒外压constantexternalpressure恒压摩尔热容molarheatcapacityatconstantpressure恒压热heatatconstantpressure化学动力学chemicalkinetics化学反应计量式stoichiometricequationofchemicalreaction化学反应计量系数stoichiometriccoefficientofchemicalreaction化学反应进度extentofchemicalreaction化学亲合势chemicalaffinity化学热力学

20、chemicalthermodynamics化学势chemicalpotential化学势判据chemicalpotentialcriterion化学吸附chemisorptions环境environment环境熵变entropychangeinenvironment挥发度volatility混合熵entropyofmixing混合物mixture活度activity活化控制activationcontrol活化络合物理论activatedcomplextheory活化能activationenergy霍根-华森图Hougen-WatsonChart基态能级energylevelatgroun

21、dstate基希霍夫公式Kirchhoffformula基元反应elementaryreactions积分溶解热integrationheatofdissolution吉布斯杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhemequation吉布斯亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmhotzequation吉布斯函数Gibbsfunction吉布斯函数判据Gibbsfunctioncriterion吉布斯吸附公式Gibbsadsorptionformula吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy吉氏函数Gibbsfunction极化电极电势polarizationpotentialofelectrode极化曲线po

22、larizationcurves极化作用polarization极限摩尔电导率limitingmolarconductivity几率因子stericfactor计量式stoichiometricequation计量系数stoichiometriccoefficient价数规则ruleofvalence简并度degeneracy键焓bondenthalpy胶冻brothjelly胶核colloidalnucleus胶凝作用demulsification胶束micelle胶体colloid胶体分散系统dispersionsystemofcolloid胶体化学collochemistry胶体粒子co

23、lloidalparticles胶团micelle焦耳Joule焦耳-汤姆生实验Joule-Thomsonexperiment焦耳-汤姆生系数Joule-Thomsoncoefficient焦耳-汤姆生效应Joule-Thomsoneffect焦耳定律Jouleslaw接触电势contactpotential接触角contactangle节流过程throttlingprocess节流膨胀throttlingexpansion节流膨胀系数coefficientofthrottlingexpansion结线tieline结晶热heatofcrystallization解离化学吸附dissociat

24、ionchemicaladsorption界面interfaces界面张力surfacetension浸湿immersionwetting浸湿功immersionwettingwork精馏rectify聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulationvalue绝对反应速率理论absolutereactionratetheory绝对熵absoluteentropy绝对温标absolutetemperaturescale绝热过程adiabaticprocess绝热量热计adiabaticcalorimeter绝热指数adiabaticindex卡诺

25、定理Carnottheorem卡诺循环Carnotcycle开尔文公式Kelvinformula柯诺瓦洛夫吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbslaw科尔劳施离子独立运动定律KohlrauschsLawofIndependentMigrationofIons可能的电解质potentialelectrolyte可逆电池reversiblecell可逆过程reversibleprocess可逆过程方程reversibleprocessequation可逆体积功reversiblevolumework可逆相变reversiblephasechange克拉佩龙方程Clapeyronequation克

26、劳修斯不等式Clausiusinequality克劳修斯克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyronequation控制步骤controlstep库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusioncontrolled拉普拉斯方程Laplacesequation拉乌尔定律Raoultlaw兰格缪尔欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwoodmechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuiradsorptionisothermformula雷利公式Rayleighequation冷冻系数coefficientofrefrigeration冷却曲线coolingcurve离解热heatofdissociation离解压力dissociationpressure