公共英语四级考试PETS4课程辅导5164.docx

1、公共英语四级考试PETS4课程辅导5164公共英语等级考试四级(PETS4)课程辅导(51)讲Passage(一) 1.be born with 生而具有 be born of 出生于 e.g.Tom was born with the talent of music. Lisa was born to/of a noble family. 2.later adj.更迟的,更后的adv.稍后,随后 e.g.Many years later, in Washington, D.C., he spoke to a crowd of 250,000 people. 许多年以后,在华盛顿特区,他向二十

2、五万美国人民发表了演说。 Ill tell you all about it later on. 晚些时候我再把有关这一切告诉你。 late adv.晚, 迟adj.迟的, 晚(期)的, 已故的, 新近的 e.g.They talked late into the evening.聊到很晚 a late development 最新发展 the latest fashion 最新时尚 the late president前任总统 latter adj. (两者中)后者的 e.g.Did he walk or swim? The latter seems unlikely. 他是散步还是游泳?后

3、者看来不太可能。 of the two the latter is far better than the former. 两者中后者比前者好得多。 3.identify vt.识别, 鉴别, 把.和.看成一样 v.确定 e.g.The markings are so blurred that it is difficult to identify. 标记模糊不清，难以识别。 I identified the jacket at once; it was my brothers. 我立即认出了那件外套,它是我兄弟的。 The police are in the room identifying

4、 the handwriting on the letter. 警察正在房间里鉴定书信上的笔迹。 be identified as 被看作 e.g.Yanan is identified as the cradle of China revolution. 延安被看作是中国革命的摇篮。 4.to a large extent e.g.To a large extent, the car accident was caused by carelessness. 这场交通事故很大程度上是粗心引起的。 I agree with you to some extent. 我部分地同意你。 to a ce

5、rtian extent在一定程度上, 有几分, 部分地 to a great extent很大程度上, 非常 to some extent某种程度上, (多少)有一点 to such an extent that 到这样的程度以致竟然. to that extent达到那样的程度 to the least extent极少地, 最低地 to the utmost extent到极点, 最大限度地; 极力地 5.inhibit from e.g.They are doing experiments to inhibit mice from breeding. 他们在做实验阻止老鼠繁殖。 6.o

6、f ones choice 自已选的, 自己喜欢的 of choice精选的, 特别好的 e.g.Trust me, this is a shirt of choice. 相信我，这绝对是一件值得推荐的衬衫。 Let me show you my favorite collection of dolls; they are of my choice. 你来看看我心爱的玩具吧，都是我自己选的。*choice， alternative， option， preference， selection， election Each of these nouns denotes the act, powe

7、r, or right of choosing. 1)Choice implies broadly the freedom to choose from a set, as of persons or things: e.g.The store offers a wide choice of fruits and vegetables. 商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。 I had no choice- her decision was final. 我没有选择的余地-他们的决定已成定局。 2)Alternative emphasizes a choosing between only tw

8、o possibilities or courses of action: Alternative强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间所作的选择： e.g.An unhappy alternative is before you, Elizabeth. . . . Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr. Collins, and I will never see you again if you do? (Jane Austen). “伊丽莎白，你面前摆着只有两种令人不快的选择。如果你不嫁给柯林斯先生，你母亲会再

9、也不愿见到你, 而如果你要嫁给他，我会再也不愿见到你”(简奥斯丁)。 3)option often stresses a power or liberty to choose that has been granted, as by an authority: option常常侧重于已经被权威等所授予的一种选择能力或自由： e.g.The option lies between accepting the candidate the administration proposes and reconstituting the search committee. 可以在接受由领导提名的候选人以及

10、重组选拔委员会之间作出选择。 4)preference indicates choice based on ones values, bias, or predilections:指基于个人价值观、偏见或偏好上的选择： e.g.We were offered our preference of wines. 我们可以选择自己喜欢的葡萄酒。 5)Selection suggests a variety of things or persons to choose from:含有可供选择的许多不同的人或物的意思： e.g.parents should exercise care in their

11、selection of the movies their young children see. 家长们在为他们年幼的孩子们挑选所看的电影时应小心谨慎。 6)Election especially emphasizes the use of judgment in choosing: 特别强调选择时使用判断力： e.g.The university recommends the election of courses in composition and literature. 校方建议选择有关写作与文学的课程 7.primitive adj.原始的, 远古的, 粗糙的, 简单的 e.g.p

12、rimitive men lived in caves. 原始人住在山洞里。 The native of that region still live in primitive straw huts. 那个地区的居民依然住在古老的茅草屋里。 Small seashells were once used as a primitive kind of money. 小贝壳曾经被用作简单的钱币。 8. parallel n.平行线, 平行面, 类似, 相似物 e.g.Do you think it is a unique event, without parallel in history? 你觉得

13、这件事是历史上独一无二的事件吗? He is the greatest center in the history of basketball without a parallel. 他是篮球史上无与伦比最伟大的中锋。 There are few parallels between American football and European football. 美国足球和欧洲足球没有什么相似之处。 v.相应, 平行; 相等;匹敌 e.g.The stream parallels the road for several miles. 这条小河与那条道平行数英里。 No one has par

14、alleled his success in business. 没有人能与他在商业上的成功相匹敌。 Her daily life parallels mine. 她的日常生活与我的相同。 adj.平行的, 相同的, 类似的, 并联的 e.g.parallel lines平行线 parallel bars双杠 The railway line runs parallel with / to the highway. 铁路线和那条公路平行。 9.award vt. 颁奖，授奖 e.g.The school awarded Merry a prize (for her good work). 学校

15、(因为她工作好而)奖励了梅丽。 He was awarded a gold cup in acknowledgment of his creative achievements for the development of the company. 公司奖给他一个金杯,以感谢他为公司发展所作出的创造性成就。 He was awarded the gold medal for being the fastest runner. 他跑得最快,因而获得了金牌。 Martin Ruther King Jr. was awarded the peace Nobal prize of 1964 for a

16、dvocating nonviolence policy in the movement for civil rights. 小马丁.路德.金因为主张民权运动中采取非暴力政策而被授予1964年诺贝尔和平奖。 10.on a large scale 大规模地 e.g.They are preparing for war on a large scale. 他们正在大规模地备战。 Any public demonstration on a large scale without the permission of the city authorities is antisocial. 不得市政当局

17、的允许举行大规模游行示威是妨害社会秩序的。公共英语等级考试四级(PETS4)课程辅导(52)讲Passage (二) 11.mobility n.活动性, 灵活性, 迁移率, 机动性 e.g.mobile adj.可移动的, 易变的, 机动的 automobile汽车，小汽车 mobile phone 移动电话 a mobile library 流动图书馆 The mobile medical team will soon be here. 巡回医疗队不久就要到这儿来。 12. arry out v.完成, 实现, 贯彻, 执行 e.g.He had begun to carry out hi

18、s plan. I have carried out my work. 13.emerge vi.显现, 浮现 e.g.The sun /the moon emerged from behind the clouds. 太阳/月亮从云层后面露出来。 Advanced figures are emerging in multitude in this era of ours. 在我们这个时代先进人物正在大量地涌现出来。 14.in terms of 就而言，在方面 e.g.In term of the tuition fees, the university charged the highes

19、t over the country. =according to 根据，依据 e.g.We can conclude that this is the best plan in terms of our investigations. 15.have to do with与.有关; 与.来往 e.g.This progress has to do with his efforts. I have nothing to do with the matter. Do you have anything to do with the story in the newspaper? 16.adequ

20、ate adj.适当的, 足够的 e.g.We took adequate food for the holiday. 我们为假期带足食品。 An adequate water supply for city people is already a problem no government can take lightly. 给城市供给充足的水源已经成为所有政府不能掉以轻心的问题。 The supply is not adequate to the demand. 供不应求。 17.collectivity n.全体, 集体, 总体 e.g.collective efforts共同努力 co

21、llective leadership集体领导 collective ownership集体所有制权 18.so to speak可以说, 可谓 19.harness vt. 利用(河流、瀑布等)产生动力(尤指电力) e.g.to harness a river to make electricity 利用河流发电 Some scientists are working hard at how tide can be harnessed to produce electricity. 有些科学家正在努力研究怎样利用潮汐发电。 Grammar 独立主格结构 独立主格结构的构成是：逻辑主语+分词或

22、形容词，名词，副词，介词短语。使用独立主格结构是因为该结构中的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同。逻辑主语(即意思上的主语)可以是名词代词甚至是一个句子。这种结构和一个从句差不多，前面的名词或代词相当于从句中的主语(也就是后面部分的逻辑上的主语)，后面部分相当于从句中的谓语或表语。在描绘性文字中有时会使用这种结构，以是使描述更加生动.这种结构常用作状语，表示一种方式，环境伴随的状况等.with也常常用在这种结构中作引导词.在翻译为汉语时可以译作一个状语或是一个并列的句子.在口语中很少用这个结构. e.g.He slept with the door open. 门开着，他睡着了. He stood th

23、ere with his hat in hand. 他站在那里,手里拿着帽子. Weather permitting, well play basketball tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话,我们明天打篮球. This done, they packed their tools and went home. 事情作完了,他们装起工具回家了. John being away, Henry had to do the work. 约翰不在,只好由亨利来做这件事. The storm having destroyed their hut, they had to live in a cave

24、. 暴风雨毁坏了他们的房子,他们只好住在山洞里. He entered the room, his nose red with cold. 他进了房间,鼻子冻的通红. Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. 这是头两卷,第三卷下月出书.公共英语等级考试四级(PETS4)课程辅导(53)讲Use of English Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each numbe

25、red blank. Only three strategies are available for controlling cancer: prevention, screening and treatment. Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other types of cancer. A major cause of the disease is not _1_known; there is no good evidence that screening is much help; and treatment _2_in about 90

26、 percent of all cases. At present, therefore, the main strategy must be_3_. This may not always be true, of course, as for some other types of cancer, reseach_4_ the past few decades has produced (or suggested) some importance in prevention, screening or treatment. _5_, however, we consider not what

27、 researcher may one day offer but what todays knowledge could already deliver that is not being delivered, then the most practical and cost-efficient opportunities for _6_ premature death from cancer, especially lung cancer, probably involve neither screening nor improved _7_, but prevention. This c

28、onclusion does not depend on the unrealistic assumption that we can _8_ tobacco. It merely assumes that we can reduce cigarette sales appreciably by raising prices or by _9_ on the type of education that already appears to have a _10_ effect on cigarette assumption by white-collar workers and that w

29、e can substantially reduce the amount of tar _11_ per cigarette. The practicability of preventing cancer by such measures applies not only in those countries, _12_, the United States of America, because cigarette smoking has been common for decades, 25 to 30 percent of all cancer deaths now involves

30、 lung cancer, but also in those where it has become _13_ only recently. In China, lung cancer _14_ accounts for only 5 to 10 percent of all cancer deaths. This is because it may take as much as half a century _15_ the rise in smoking to increase in the incidence to lung cancer. Countries where cigar

31、ette smoking is only now becoming widespread can expect enormous increase in lung cancer during the 1990s or early in the next century, _16_ prompt effective action is taken against the habit-indeed, such increase are already plainly evident in parts of the _17_. There are reasons why the preventions of lung cancer is of such overwhelming importance: first, the disease is extremely common, causing more deaths than any other types of cancer now _18_; secondly, it is generally incurable; thirdly, effective, practicable measures to reduce its incidence are a