考研英语真题及答案详解含答案译文词汇讲解.docx

1、考研英语真题及答案详解含答案译文词汇讲解2004年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) f

2、ocus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 1 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 2 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 3 with others. Theories foc

3、using on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 4 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 5 as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, _ 6 the fact that children from wealth

4、y homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 7 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 8 to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly 9 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 10 to fewer job opportunities for

5、 youth and rising unemployment 11 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 12 lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also 13 changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 14 ，children are li

6、kely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other _17_ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased _ 18 _ of drugs and alcohol, and the

7、 growing 19 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 1. A acting B relying C centering D commenting2. A before B unless C until D because3. A interaction

8、 B assimilation C cooperation D consultation4. A return B reply C reference D response5. A or B but rather C but D or else6. A considering B ignoring C highlighting D discarding7. A on B in C for D with8. A immune B resistant C sensitive D subject9. A affect B reduce C chock D reflect10. A point B l

9、ead C come D amount11. A in general B on average C by contrast D at length12. A case B short C turn D essence13. A survived B noticed C undertaken D experienced14.A contrarily B consequently C similarly D simultaneously15. A than B that C which D as 16. A system B structure C concept D heritage17. A

10、 assessable B identifiable C negligible D incredible18. A expense B restriction C allocation D availability19. A incidence B awareness C exposure D popularity20. A provided B since C although D supposing Section II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the ques

11、tions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the sites “personal search age

12、nt”. Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notificati

13、on of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can he time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for re

14、peated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility,” says one expert. For any job search, you should start with a narrow

15、 conceptwhat you think you want to dothen broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “Theres no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E

16、-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide. Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSites agent sends out

17、 messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobsthose it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find themand they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we s

18、ee a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite. Even those who arent hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves

19、when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you. 21. How did Redmon find his job?A By searching openings in a job

20、 database.B By posting a matching position in a database.C By using a special service of a database.D By E-mailing his resume to a database.22. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?A Lack of counseling. B Limited number of visits.C Lower efficiency. D Fewer successful matche

21、s.23. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means .A advisory. B compensation. C interaction. D reminder.24. Why does CareerSites agent offer each job hunter only three job options?A To focus on better job matches.B To attract more returning visits.C To reserve space for m

22、ore messages.D To increase the rate of success.25. Which of the following is true according to the text? A Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.B Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.C Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed. D Som

23、e agents stop sending information to people once they are employed. Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to d

24、iscrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has

25、in life over Zo Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and

26、26 of George Bushs predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrtien and Koiz

27、umi). The worlds three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the worlds five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dr

28、eamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the b

29、ack row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speakin

30、g publicly. The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend

31、to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.26. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars? A A kind of overlooked inequality. B A type of conspicuous bias.C A type of personal prejudice.D A kind of brand discrimination.27. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs? A In both East and West, names are essential to success. B The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo Zysman.C Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names.D Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recogni