动词用法谓语动词情态.docx

1、动词用法谓语动词情态动词复习导图1.动词的分类实意动词： 及物动词 vt.不及物动词 vi.系动词-1.be(am, is, are, was, were)2.感观动词：see, hear, sound, smell, taste, touch, feel3.表象：look, seem4.变化: get, become, turn, fall, grow, run, go5.保持：stay, keep, remain6.“终止”prove, turn out to be非实意动词 情态动词: can could shall should will would may might 助动词: Be

2、- am, is, are, was, were being been Do- does, did, doing, done Have- has, had ,had Will- would Shall- should2.动词的变形do, does, did, to do, doing, done 规则变化与不规则变化第三人称单数动词加ing过去式、过去分词规则变化与不规则变化3.动词在句中的用法 时态谓语 语态 情态 to do doing非谓语 done 4动词的命题方式5. 练习(二)动词的用法第一：谓语动词-时态-语态-情态一、时态 必背时态结构一般态do进行态be doing完成态ha

3、ve done过去时didwas/were doinghad done现在时do/doesam/is/are doinghave/has done将来时will dowill be doingwill have done二、语态 常见时态的被动语态结构1. 一般现在时： am/is /are done2. 一般过去时： was/were +done3. 一般将来时： will be done 4. 现在进行时： am/is/are being done5. 过去进行时： was/were being done6. 现在完成时： have/has been done7. 过去完成时： had b

4、een done三、情态 情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态。如需要、可能、愿意、怀疑等。情态动词有一定的词义，但不完整，必须和主要动词的原型一起构成谓语。常用的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, will, should, would, be able to,及半情态动词be to do, had better等。1. 情态动词有一定的意义，只表示期待或估计某事的发生，不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情。 2. 没有人称和数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。 3. 不能独立使用，它

5、和后面的动词构成谓语。4. 情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接动词原形5. 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词等形式。 只作情态动词的 can/could, may/might, ought to, must可情态可实义的 need, dare可情态可助动词的shall/should, will/would相当于情态动词的have to1. must & need & have to情态动词含义否定式注意点must表必要“必须”neednt不必区别have to 有时表“偏要”表推测“一定“cant“不可能“只能用于肯定句，不能用于否定、疑问句注意：1) must 表示推测时

6、， 只能用于肯定句。must do 对一般时的肯定推测must be doing 对现在的动作进行肯定推测 must have done 对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断e.g. 他们买了一辆新车。 他们一定很有钱他现在一定在看小说路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。2) need 1.作情态动词时,仅用于否定或疑问句,后接动词原形,表“需要”You neednt return the book now.- Need he start from the beginning? - Yes, he must. - No, he neednt/doesnt have to. 2.neednt have do

7、ne 表示做了本不必要做的事情,意为“本不必要”Our color TV set is still good enough. You neednt have bought a new one.3.作实义动词时,表示“需要”，有人称、时态、和数的变化He needs to finish it this evening. The classroom needs cleaning.4 neednt 对其它情态动词的回答:-Shall I tell John about it?-No, you _.-No, you _. 注意对need问句的回答: -Need I finish the work to

8、day? -Yes, _. No, _. No, _.Must we do it now? -No, you _.-No, you _.2. can/could 情态动词含义否定式注意点can/could表“能力”能、会cant 不会，不能区别be able to 表许可 可以cant不可以，不许代替may表推测可能cant 不可能主要用于否定句、疑问句中1 ）表示某人通过努力克服困难做成某事,要用was / were able to.2） could, might, would 表委婉语气用于疑问句, 答语仍须用 can, may, will.3 ）can 用于肯定句中, 可表示”有时可能”

9、4） can/could have done “本可以，本可能做某事” 用于肯定句中，表示对过去发生的事情做出的判断。 你本来可以考的更好。5）. can/could not have done 对过去发生行为进行推测:不可能做某事刚才我还看见他了， 所以他不可能出国的。 门是锁着的， 所以她不可能在家。3. may/might情态动词含义否定式注意点may/might表许可 可以mustnt 禁止口语中也可用cant表推测 可能cant 不可能主要用于肯定句，不能用在疑问句may not 可能不注意：might/may have done,表示对过去发生的动作进行可能性推测， 1）他可能去医

10、务室了。2）他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。4. will/would情态动词用法will表请求（第二人称）表意志，意愿表某种倾向或习惯would更客气的请求过去的意志（愿）过去的倾向或习惯5. shall ,should 和ought to情态动词用法shall征求对方意见（第一，三人称）表示命令，警告，威胁或允诺（第二，三人称）should/ought表示劝告、建议、命令或责任“应该，必须表示推测，“理应，估计，大概”should还可以表示竟然注意：1.在陈述句中,shall用于二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。You shall do as I say. (命令)Nothing

11、shall stop me doing it. (决心) Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. (允诺)2.在疑问句中,用于一、三人称，用来表示请求或征求意见。Shall I open the window for you？（征求意见）Shall he fetch some water for you？（请求）3. should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与ought to意义相近，但ought to多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。Young people should learn how to use computers. Every citi

12、zen ought to obey law. You ought not to go.4.should/ought to have done表示责备或批评,意为“本应该但”,ought to的语气更强烈,用于否定则表示“本不该但”You should/ought to have told her the truth earlierShe shouldnt have left without saying a word.5.Should用于可能性推测时,表“应该，很可能”They left at 5:30. They should get there now.六.可兼做行为动词的情态动词：nee

13、d 、 dare 1.作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。Dare (need) +S +VS + darent (neednt) +VI darent walk through the forest at night.Dare you walk through the forest at night?You neednt return the book now.Need he go yesterday?2.作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中, 有人称、时态、和数的变化He needs to go there himself.He has grown up,so we dont need to

14、worry about him.3.Sth (sb) need( want, request)+ doing/ to be done The house needs cleaning/ to be cleaned The boy needs sending to the hospital at once.表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词对将来对现在对过去肯定的推测must+V.常见 must be+ V.+ be doing+have done可能的猜测may, might+ V.+ V.+ be doing可以用not表示“可能不”+have done否定的推测cant, couldnt+

15、 V.+ V.+ be doing+have done疑问的猜测can, could+ V.+ V.+ be doing+have done “情态动词+have done”用法情态动词+have done用法例句must have done 表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必，准是，一定做了某事”1 She must have gone through a lot.2 He must have visited the White House during his stay in the United States.may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的推

16、测，意为“也许/或许已经（没有）“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。1 You may have learnt the news.2 He may not have heard his name called.3 Sorry Im late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.canhave donecannot have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。（can换成could时语气委婉）1 Where can

17、she have gone?2 Could he have done such a foolish thing?3 The boy cant have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.could have done可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经”之意，此外，还可以表示过去能做而没做的事，有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜。1 He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed.2 You could have be

18、en more considerate.3 You could have done better, but you were too careless.might have done表示“本来可能，但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。1 You should not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.2 He might have given him more help, thought he was busy.should/ought to have done用

19、于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。1 He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.2 You shouldnt have done it so carelessly.3 You ought to have returned the book earlier.4 You ought not to have refused his offer.neednt have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意：didnt need to do表示“没必

20、要做而实际上也没有做某事”1 You neednt have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.2 I didnt need to buy the dictionary. I had a copy at home.had better have done用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have done表示相反的含义。1 You had better have started earlier.2 You had better not have scolded her.woul

21、d rather have done表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定式would rather not have done表示相反的含义，两者都表示“后悔”之意。1I would rather have taken his advice.2I would rather not have told him the truth.练习：请填入正确的情态动词1.can; couldWhen I was young I _ climb any tree in the forest.Learning a language _ be a real challenge.2.may; mightI asked

22、if I _ go home half an hour earlier today.There _ not be enough money to pay for the repairs.3.will; wouldWhen he got older, he _ never do his homework.Nancy _ keep talking unless you tell her to shut up.4.shall; shouldBy now, they _ already be in Dubai.I _ be replaced by someone from the New York o

23、ffice.5.must; cantYou _ have stayed up. You look so tired.You _ be 45! I thought you were about 25 years old.完成下列句子： 1. I dont know where she is, she _. (可能在武汉）(be)2. At this moment, our teacher _（想必在批改）our exam papers. ( mark / grade)3. The road is wet. It _(一定下雨了） last night. (rain) 4. Your mother

24、 _ （一定一直在找你）(look)5. Philip _ seriously in the car accident. (可能受了重伤). (hurt)6. -Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. -She _(可能走了)by bus.(go)7. Mike _(一定还没有找回)his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.综合练习：1.【2015北京】22.-Did you enjoy the party?-Yes,we_by our hosts.A.were tre

25、ated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated2.【2015北京】26.in the last few years,China _ great achievements in environmental protection.A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making3.【2015北京】27.Did you have difficulty finding Ann house?Not really.She_us clear directions and we were able to find i

26、t.easily?A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give4.【2015北京】30. Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right. I_ him later.A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling5.【2015重庆】1. Is Peter coming?No, he_ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.A. changes B. chan

27、ged C. was changing D. had changed6.【2015重庆】13. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat_ cut.A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been7.【2015浙江】8. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theo

28、ries would change the world.A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was8.【2015天津】9. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement_ so far by the two sides.A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached9.【2015天津】6. Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this aftern

29、oon because she _ a class at that time. A. will teach B. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching10.【2015四川】4.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built11.【2015陕西】24. At college, Barack Obama didnt know that he the first black pres