淘金高阶英语四级100条长难句.docx

1、淘金高阶英语四级100条长难句淘金高阶英语四级100条长难句.txt-两个人同时犯了错，站出来承担的那一方叫宽容，另一方欠下的债，早晚都要还。-不爱就不爱,别他妈的说我们合不来。www.TopwayE www.TopwayE第一章定语从句第一节常见考点突破一、定语从句的概念定语从句就是修饰主句里的名词或代词的从句袁本质上相当于野形容词冶遥二、定语从句的类型定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句遥大多数定语从句都对所修饰的名词或代词加以限制袁去掉该从句后先行词将意义不全或失去意义遥而非限制性定语从句的作用在于补充袁翻译时常常另起一个句子袁与主句构成并列句遥例如院That蒺s the sam

2、e man that asked for help the day before yesterday.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not bealtogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.三、定语从句与同位语从句的区别1. 同位语从句的形式与定语从句相似袁它们之前都有先行词袁但与先行词的关系有所不同院同位语从句与先行词同位或等同袁定语从句与先行词则是修饰关系遥2. 在定语从句中袁关系词要代替先行词在从句中作适当的句子成分曰而同位语从句的引导词则只

3、起引导作用袁没有代替前面名词在从句中作句子成分的作用遥试比较以下两个句子院The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.渊同位语从句冤The fact that you are talking about is important. 渊定语从句冤第二节阅读真题难句荟萃1. Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren蒺t comparable fabricsthat can just replace what you蒺re doing and what

4、 your customers are used to.(09.6 Passage 1)分析主干院Most designers are finding.finding 后是省略连接词that 的宾语从句遥该从句是there be 句型袁其主语comparable fabrics 后有一个that 引导的限制性定语从句直到句末遥该定语从句的谓语动词replace 带了两个由and 连接的并列的宾语从句袁都用what 引导遥译文大多数现有品牌设计师都发现袁找不到满意的有机布料来取代现在使用的尧顾客已经习惯了的布料遥2. Todd Park, a local detective, said the

5、method has helped him learn moreabout an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.(09.6 Passage 2)分析主干院Todd Park, a local detective, said.淤said 之后的内容是个省略引导词that的宾语从句遥于whose skeleton.是个定语从句袁修饰an. woman遥译文当地的一名侦探Todd Park 说袁这个方法帮他了解到有关一位身份不明的女性死者的更多信息袁其尸骨是在大盐湖附近被发现的遥3. Two mont

6、hs ago Gullotta saw a 50鄄year鄄old man who had delayed doinganything about his smoker蒺s cough for a year. (08.12 Passage 1)分析主干院Gullotta saw a man.淤who 引导的定语从句修饰a. man遥于本句是肯定陈述句袁却用了doinganything 而不是doing something袁语义上有所强调遥译文两个月以前格洛塔为一位50 岁的男士看病袁这名男士吸烟咳嗽已有一年袁但期间他没有采取任何措施袁以致于延误了治疗遥4. The digital bread

7、crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers toreconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. (08.6 Passage 2)分析主干院The crumbs make it easy to reconstruct.you leave everywhere 是定语从句袁省略了关系代词that袁修饰crumbs曰make iteasy for. to do.结构中袁it 是形式宾语袁真正的宾语是不定式to reconstruct.是宾语补语袁for 引导

8、出不定式的逻辑主语strangers遥句末由who, where 和what 引导的三个名词性从句都是reconstruct 的宾语遥译文你处处留下的野数字面包碎屑冶很容易让陌生人推想出你是谁袁你在哪里袁你对什么感兴趣遥5. Privacy econom ist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that revealpeople will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just toget their hands on a pitiful 50鄄

9、cents鄄off coupon (优惠券). (08.6 Passage 2)分析主干院Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests.Privacy economist 和Alessandro Acquisti 是同位语遥tests 后的that 从句作tests 的定语袁该从句的谓语动词reveal 带有一个宾语从句people will surrender.遥译文隐私经济学家Alessandro Acquisti 进行了一系列的测试袁这些测试表明人们会透露像社保卡号这样的个人信息袁就只是为了能拿到微不足道的便宜50 美分的优惠券遥6. The

10、re was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories aboutwhat it蒺s like to work in a field dominated by men. (07.6 Passage 1)分析主干院There was a time.本句是个存在句袁主语a time 由when 引导的定语从句修饰遥野about + what冶引导的宾语从句构成介词短语袁作stories 的后置定语遥在该宾语从句中袁it 是形式主语袁后面的不定式短语to work.是真正的主语遥dominated.作a field 的后置定

11、语遥译文我生活中有那么一段时间人们老是问我袁供职于一个男性占主导地位的领域感觉如何遥7. The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to editas you write is what Elbow calls 野free writing.冶(07.6 Passage 2)分析主干院The practice. is what.定语从句that can.修饰主语the practice袁从句中的介词的短语past your. habits作宾语you 的补语袁as you write 引导的时间状语

12、从句修饰trying to edit遥what 引导的表语从句中用了野call+宾语+补语冶的结构袁what 是宾语袁free writing 是补语遥译文这种可以帮助你克服在写作的同时就试图编辑的坏习惯的做法便是Elbow 所称作的野自由式写作冶遥8. As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shiftingfrom curing disease to preventing disease要especially in terms of changing ourmany unhealthy behav

13、iors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure toexercise. (06.12 Passage 2)分析主干院the focus has been shifting淤句首As 引导非限制性定语从句袁As 指代主句所说的内容袁在从句中作seen 的宾语遥于主句中破折号后的内容是短语介词in terms of 引导的介词短语作状语袁表示1 2www.TopwayE www.TopwayE野从噎方面来说冶袁changing 与前面的shifting 构成语义再现遥译文正如我们所看到的一样袁我们社会医疗的重心正在从治疗疾病转到预防疾病

14、上来要要特别是要改变我们许多不健康的行为袁比如说不良的饮食习惯尧抽烟尧忽视锻炼遥9. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat verynutritious (有营养的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, whogoes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a fewbeers at home most nights but does not d

15、rive while drunk, and who has nochest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.(06.12 Passage 2)分析主干院Imagine a person.主干部分很简短袁关键是a person 后面有5 个who 引导的定语从句袁使句式变得复杂了遥这5 个who 引导的从句都有相似的结构院含两个由but 连接的谓语袁前后的描述形成鲜明的对比遥这样的排比句式袁加强了语气袁给读者留下深刻印象遥译文想象这么一个人院他体重适中袁但是并没有吃到非常有营养的食物曰他

16、自我感觉还行袁但只是偶尔锻炼一下曰他每天都去上班袁但却不是一个优秀员工曰他大多数晚上在家里喝一点啤酒袁但却并不醉酒驾车曰他没有胸痛的感觉袁血液指数也正常袁但却嗜睡袁并且经常感到疲倦遥10. The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someonewho is merely 野not ill冶and someone who is in excellent health and paysattention to the body蒺s special needs. (06.12 Passage 2)分析主干院T

17、he field has not distinguished (between. and.)主句的谓语用了distinguish between. and. 的结构袁and 连接的两个someone 都用了who 引导的定语从句予以修饰遥译文传统上袁医学并没有区分一个仅仅是野没有生病冶的人和一个健康状况很好并且注意自己身体特殊需要的人遥这两种类型都被称作野健康冶遥11. In rec ent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply theterms 野well冶and 野wellness冶only to those

18、 who are actively striving to maintainand improve their health. (06.12 Passage 2)分析主干院some health specialists have begun to apply.主句部分,不定式to apply.用作begun 的宾语遥apply. to.表示野把噎应用于噎冶袁句中表示野把well 和wellness 这样的词只用来指那些人冶遥who 引导的定语从句修饰those遥译文然而袁近些年来袁一些健康专家开始把野健康冶和野健康状况良好冶这样的字眼只使用到那些积极努力去保持并改善自身健康状况的人身上遥12.

19、 And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellnesscan have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challengesof daily life. (06.12 Passage 2)分析主干院the concept can have a (beneficial impact)句首by 引导的介词短语表示野方法尧手段冶遥have a (beneficial) impact on.野对噎有有益的影响冶遥in wh

20、ich 引导定语从句修饰the ways遥译文通过关注健康的生活方式袁野健康冶的理念就能对人们面对日常生活的挑战的方法产生有利的影响遥13. In it (the communications diary) they noted the number of conversations oremail exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed tohow many lies they told. (06.6 Passage 1)分析主干院they noted the number., and confessed

21、to how.主句用了两个并列的谓语动词院noted 和confessed遥or 连接两个名词conversations和email exchanges 构成并列结构袁后面有定语从句they had 和现在分词短语lastingmore than 10 minutes 修饰遥译文在交流日记中袁他们把长达10 分钟以上的谈话或者电子邮件交流的次数记录下来袁并且承认了他们说谎的次数遥14. Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first, a global product offers economies ofscale with which local bran

22、ds cannot compete, and second, consumers in the21st century are drawn to 野global冶as a concept. (06.1 Passage 1)分析主干院Its strategy rests (on.)主句用了rest on 短语遥冒号后的first. and second. 用以解释说明冒号前的twobeliefs袁可以看做是该名词短语的同位成分遥with which 引导定语从句修饰economiesof scale渊规模经济冤遥句末的be drawn to 表示野为噎所吸引冶袁as a concept 介词短语

23、作global 的后置定语袁野作为概念的全球化冶袁或野全球化概念冶遥译文公司的策略基于两个信念院首先袁全球性的产品能够提供地方品牌无法与之竞争的规模经济曰其次袁21 世纪的消费者认可野全球冶这个概念遥15. Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doingso is to say 野I蒺m sorry you蒺re upset冶; this suggests that you are somehow atfault for allowing yourself to get upset by wha

24、t the other person has done.(06.1 Passage 2)分析主干院Another method. is to say.; this suggests that.本句是由分号间隔的两个分句构成的并列句遥前一分句中袁by which 引导定语从句袁修饰主语another method袁不定式to say 作表语袁引号里的直接引语作say 的宾语遥后一分句中袁that 引导的从句作suggests 的宾语遥译文另外一种表面上看似乎是在道歉袁而实际上并没有道歉的做法是说野你感到委屈袁我很抱歉冶袁这表明袁如果因为别人所做的事情而让你自己感到委屈的话袁那么你多多少少是有过错

25、的遥16. Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity ofidentifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and whichthe person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. (06.1 Passage 2)分析主干院there is the apology这句话用的是there be 句型袁主干部分容易理解遥主语ap

26、ology 带了多个修饰语袁包括前置修饰语general 和all covering袁后置修饰语是一个which 引导的非限制性定语从句遥在该定语从句中袁介词of+动名词短语identifying. 作定语袁修饰the necessity曰identifying 的宾语a specific act 后面带了两个定语从句袁一个是由that 引导袁另一个是由which 引导袁这两个定语从句用and 并列连接遥which 引导的定语从句中袁主语theperson 也另外带有一个who 引导的定语从句遥译文然后还有一种泛泛的无所不包的道歉袁这种道歉避免了指明特别让人伤心尧特别令人委屈的袁道歉者应该保证

27、不会再犯的具体行为遥17. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player蒺s3 4www.TopwayE www.TopwayErequest for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider themwet enough. (05.6 Passage 1)分析主干院I recall an incident.句子的宾语an incident 后面有两个修饰语袁一个是介词词组in a handballgame袁一个是when

28、引导的定语从句渊不是时间状语从句浴冤遥when 引导的定语从句中袁有一个because 引导的原因状语从句曰注意袁从句的宾语them 是指gloves遥译文我回想起在一次手球比赛中发生的事情袁一个球员曾一度要求到场外更换手套袁但是裁判员认为他的手套没有湿到必须更换的程度袁所以拒绝了他遥第二章状语从句第一节常见考点突破一、状语从句的概念如果一个从句的功能相当于副词袁修饰动词尧形容词或整个句子袁用作状语袁那么该从句就是状语从句遥状语从句由连词引导袁多表示某动作发生的背景尧时间尧地点尧原因等遥二、状语从句的9 种常见类型常见的状语从句有9 种袁每种状语从句各有其引导词袁具体可分为院时间尧地点尧条件尧

29、原因尧目的尧结果尧让步尧方式尧比较状语从句遥1. 时间状语从句淤引导时间状语从句的连词有when, whenever, while, as, till, until, since, after等遥于注意as, when, while 的用法区别遥as 强调时间上的野一先一后冶袁野同一时间冶袁或野随着冶之义曰when 则强调某个特定的时间曰while 表示的时间不是一点袁而是一段遥2. 原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词或复合连词有because, since, as, for the reason that, inthat 等袁其中because 表示原因的语气最重袁as 和since 所表示

30、的原因则常常是人们知道的遥3. 让步状语从句淤让步状语从句的引导词有院although, though, even if, in spite of the fact,whereas, while, for all (that)等遥于注意even if 与even though 的区别院even if 意为野即使冶袁表述的内容不一定为即成事实曰even though 则表示野尽管冶袁即尽管有什么样的事实存在遥试比较以下两个句子院Even though he knows it, he蒺ll not let out the secret.渊他知道这个秘密遥冤Even if he knows it,

31、he蒺ll not let out the secret.渊不确定他是否知道这个秘密遥冤4. 条件状语从句淤条件状语的引导词有院if渊如果冤, unless渊除非袁如果不冤, suppose渊假设袁假定冤, incase (that)渊如果袁假使曰以防万一冤, in the event (that)渊万一袁倘若冤等遥于两种条件句院a. 真实条件句袁表示现实的或可能会变为现实的条件袁用直陈语气遥例如院If the weather is fine tomorrow, we shall go to the country.b. 非真实条件句袁表示非现实的或不大可能会变为现实的条件袁常用虚拟语气遥例如院If I were you, I would leave now.5. 目的状语从句淤目的状语从句可由下列引导词引导院so that, so, in order that, in case, lest 等遥于lest 和in case 表示的目的是一种带有否定意义的目的袁意为野以防冶遥例如院He cut the remark out of the fi