Issue官方主题范文60篇.docx

1、Issue官方主题范文60篇Issue 官方主题范文60篇来源：ETS Issue test1Both the development of technological tools and the uses to which humanity has put them have created modern civilizations in which loneliness is ever increasing. 6Technology, broadly defined as the use of tools, has a long history. Ever since Erg the ca

2、veman first conked an animal with a rock, people have been using technology. For thousands of years, the use of tools allowed people to move ever closer together. Because fields could be cultivated and the technology to store food existed, people would live in cities rather than in small nomadic tri

3、bes. Only very lately have Ergs descendants come to question the benefits of technology. The Industrial Revolution introduced and spread technologies that mechanized many tasks. As a result of the drive toward more efficient production and distribution (so the ever larger cities would be supported),

4、 people began to act as cogs in the technological machine. Clothing was no longer produced by groups of women sewing and gossiping together, but by down-trodden automations operating machinery in grim factories. The benefits of the new technology of today, computers and the internet, are particularl

5、y ambiguous. They have made work ever more efficient and knit the world together in a web of information and phone lines. Some visionaries speak of a world in which Erg need not check in to his office; he can just dial in from home. He wont need to go to a bar to pick up women because there are all

6、those chat rooms. Hungry? Erg orders his groceries from an online delivery service. Bored? Download a new game. And yet. Many people, myself included, are a little queasy about that vision. Erg may be doing work, but is it real work? Are his online friends real friends? Does anything count in a spir

7、itual way if its just digital? Since the Industrial Revolution, we have been haunted by the prospect that we are turning into our machines: efficient, productive, soulless. The newest technologies, we fear, are making us flat as our screens, turning us into streams of bits of interchangeable data. W

8、e may know a lot of people, but we have few real friends. We have a lot of things to do, but no reason to do them. In short, the new technology emphasizes a spiritual crisis that has been building for quite some time. As I try to unravel which I believe about the relative merits of technology, I thi

9、nk it is instructive to remember technologys original result. A better plow meant easier farming, more food, longer lives, and more free time to pursue other things such as art. Our newest technology does not give us more free time; it consumes our free time. We are terminally distracted from confro

10、nting ourselves or each other. We stay safe, and lonely, in our homes and offices rather than taking the risk of meeting real people or trying new things. While I am certainly not a Luddite, I do believe we need to look for a bit more balance between technology and life. We have to tear ourselves aw

11、ay from the fatal distractions and go out into the world. Technology has given us long lives and endless supplies of information. Now we need to apply that information, use the time were not spending conking our dinner with a club, and find our reasons for living. COMMENTARYThis outstanding response

12、 displays cogent reasoning, insightful, persuasive analysis, and superior control of language. The essay immediately identifies the complexities of the issue and then playfully explores both the benefits and the drawbacks of technological developments over the course of human history. The writer mai

13、ntains that a balance between technology and life is necessary if humans are going to abate the loneliness that is part of modern existence. -5I disagree with the argument that Both the development of technological tools and the uses to which humanity has put them have created modern civilizations i

14、n which loneliness is ever increasing. Arguments can be made for this thesis, but they depend largely upon what I believe to be a poor definition of loneliness. If one defines loneliness as the absence of as much physical, face-to-face contact with other people, then this argument is probably true.

15、The invention of modern telecommunications devices such as telephones, fax machines, and computers has definitely cut down on the amount of physical contact with other people. This is especially true in recent times due to the extremely rapid expansion of the Internet. E-mail and tele-conferencing a

16、re direct substitutes for physical contact, especially in the business world. However, I believe that loneliness can be better measured by intellectual contact with other individuals. Unarguably, modern technology makes this faster and easier, with better communication with a larger number of people

17、. Some employers have argued that productivity is lessened since they have had computers linked to the Internet, as the employees spend much of their time chatting with friends, acquaintances, or business contacts across the country. This is probably not a good thing for the employers, but it demons

18、trates the increased degree of communication due to modern technology. Of course, some technologies have increased loneliness by any standards, such as the automobile or other transportation mechanisms. These encourage substantially longer commutes between home and work. Automobiles have made possib

19、le the pattern of suburbanization that has been in place in the United States since immediately after World War Two. Time spent commuting is generally unproductive and spent alone, unless the individual in question is car-pooling or using mass transit. The contribution of the commuting culture to lo

20、neliness may actually be changing now due to new technology that is being invented and used by the general public. Popular new devices, such as the cellular phone, the laptop computer, and the combination thereof may actually convert commuting time to a period of increased communications between peo

21、ple, to pass the time. This will be especially true as use of mass transit grows, which will probably happen, due to problems with gas shortages, air pollution, and the creation of further mass transit by federal and local governments. The motivation for the declaration that loneliness is increasing

22、 may be due to the fact that many people, especially blue-collar workers, are unable to afford or use these new devices. However, since the advent of the personal computer, the price per computing power has continually lowered rapidly, and this trend shows no sign of changing. Several companies, suc

23、h as Sun Microsystems and Oracle have announced that they are attempting to develop terminals with little computing power, but a full capability to access the Internet. These devices will be in approximately the $500 price range, which is much more reasonable than the price of the current top of the

24、 line PC. In addition, to cater to a larger mass of the public, software companies have been carefully making their products easier to use by non-computer nerds. This trend is not likely to cease. In conclusion, although early development of modern transportation may have increased loneliness, I bel

25、ieve that more recent technologies are actually doing the opposite, stimulating interpersonal contact and encouraging intellectual expansion. The perception that the opposite is true derives from what I believe is poor definition of loneliness and the difficulty that the working class has in acquiri

26、ng and using modern telecommunications devices. COMMENTARYThis strong response analyzes the complexities of the issue. In disagreeing with the prompt, the writer makes a distinction between two types of loneliness - loneliness caused by the absence of? physical contact and loneliness brought about b

27、y a lack of intellectual contact with others. The essay reasons that while the automobile and other transportation mechanisms originally kept passengers physically and intellectually isolated from one another, modern technology, such as the cellular telephone and laptop computer, has made intellectu

28、al contact faster and easier and has benefited users by allowing them to communicate with a larger number of people. The response provides clear and relevant examples of the ways in which technological developments facilitate and encourage intellectual communication. The writer examines the impact o

29、f user-friendly Internet access on the individuals ability to interact with others even when physical distance separates the communicating parties. The organization is clear, yet transitions between paragraphs are not always smooth. The body of the essay lacks the focus that would help move it to a

30、score of 6. It is not always clear how the information given relates to the essays initial position (e.g., the discussion of current prices for personal computers in paragraph five). The conclusion, while clearly relevant, attempts to impose order on the somewhat loosely connected paragraphs, yet fa

31、ils to add substance to the analysis. On the whole, the essay displays clarity and control, but the language is sometimes imprecise and less tightly controlled than it would be in a 6 essay. The following sentence is one such example: The motivation for the declaration that loneliness is increasing

32、may be due to the fact that many people, especially blue-collar workers, are unable to afford or use these new devices.Issue test2 The media (books, film, music, television, for example) tend to create rather than reflect the values of a society. 6For our grandparents it occurred through films and books. For the baby boomers it was a result of television and revolutionary music. No matter how the impact took place, it is clear that since its very advent, the media have playe