医学细胞生物学英文词汇翻译.docx

1、医学细胞生物学英文词汇翻译医学细胞生物学专业英语词汇acrocentric chromosome近端着丝粒染色体actin肌动蛋白actin filament肌动蛋白丝actinomycin D放线菌素Dactivator活化物active transport主动运输adenine腺嘌呤adenosine monophosphate, AMP腺苷一磷酸, 腺苷酸adenyl cyclase, AC腺苷酸环化酶adhesion plaque黏着斑agranular endoplasmic reticulum无颗粒内质网Alzheimer disease阿尔茨海默病amino acid氨基酸ami

2、noacyl site, A site氨基酰位，A位amitosis; direct division无丝分裂；直接分裂amphipathic molecule双型性分子anaphase后期anchoring junction锚定连接annular granule孔环颗粒anticoding strand 反编码链antigen抗原antiparallel逆平行性apoptic body凋亡小体apoptosis凋亡assembly组装aster星体asymmetry不对称性autolysis自溶作用autophagolysosome自噬性溶酶体autophagy自噬作用autoradiogr

3、aphy放射自显影技术autosome常染色体B lymphocyteB淋巴细胞bacteria细菌base substitution碱基替换belt desmosome带状桥粒bioblast生命小体biological macromolecule生物大分子biomembrane生物膜biotechnology生物技术bivalent二价体breakage断裂cadherin钙粘连素calmodulin, CaM钙调蛋白cAMP环一磷酸腺苷cAMP-dependent protein kinase环一磷酸腺苷依赖型蛋白激酶capping 戴帽carrier protein载体蛋白cat cr

4、y syndrome猫叫综合症cell division cycle geneCDC基因cell细胞cell and molecular biology细胞分子生物学cell biology细胞生物学cell coat; glycocalyx细胞衣；糖萼cell culture细胞培养cell cycle细胞周期cell cycle-regulating protein细胞周期调节蛋白cell cycle time细胞周期时间cell determination细胞决定cell differentiation细胞分化cell division cycle, CDC细胞分裂周期cell divi

5、sion cycle gene, CDC gene细胞分裂周期基因cell engineering细胞工程cell fractionation细胞分级分离cell fusion细胞融合cell junction细胞连接cell line细胞系cell membrane; plasma membrane细胞膜；质膜cell plate细胞板cell proliferation细胞增殖cell recognition细胞识别cell surface antigen细胞表面抗原cell theory细胞学说cell strain细胞株cell aging 细胞衰老cell synchronizati

6、on细胞同步化cellular oxidation细胞氧化cellular respiration细胞呼吸central granule中央颗粒centromere着丝粒chalone抑素channel protein通道蛋白chemiosmotic hypothesis化学渗透假说chiasmata交叉cholesterol胆固醇chromatid染色单体chromatin染色质chromomere染色粒chromosome染色体chromosome arm染色体臂chromosome banding染色体带chromosome disease染色体病chromosome engineeri

7、ng染色体工程chromosome scaffold染色体支架chromosome syndrome染色体综合症cis Golgi networkcisterna（pl. cisternae）顺面高尔基网状结构扁平囊clathrin笼蛋白clone克隆coated pit有被小窝coated vesicle包被小泡coding strand编码链codon密码子codon degeneracy密码子兼并性coenzyme辅酶collagenfibronectin, FN纤连蛋白communication junction通讯连接complementation互补性condensation st

8、age凝集期confocal laser scanning microscope共焦激光扫描显微镜connexin连接子constitutive heterochromatin结构异染色质continuous microtubules极微管converting enzyme 转变酶crista（pl. cristae）嵴cyanine 胞嘧啶cyclin细胞周期素cydoeximide放线菌酮cytidine monophosphate, CMP胞苷一磷酸，胞苷酸cytokinesis细胞质分裂cytology细胞学cytoplasm细胞质cytoplasm engineering细胞质工程c

9、ytoplasm substitution细胞质代换cytoplasmic plaque胞质斑cytoskeleton细胞骨架dark field microscope暗视野显微镜dedifferentiation去分化degeneracy兼并deletion缺失density gradient centrifugation密度梯度离心deoxyadenosine monophosphate, dAMP脱氧腺苷酸deoxycytidine monophosphate, dCMP脱氧胞苷酸deoxyguanosine monophosphate, dGMP脱氧鸟苷酸deoxyribonuclei

10、c acid, DNA脱氧核糖核酸deoxythymidine monophosphate, dTMP脱氧胸苷酸desmosome桥粒diakinesis 终变期differential centrifugation差速离心differential expression差异性表达differentiation induction分化诱导differentiation inhibition分化抑制diplococcus pneumonia肺炎双球菌diplotene 双线期disassembly去组装DNA probe DNA探针DNA synthesis phaseDNA合成期dosage c

11、ompensation剂量补偿doublet二联管duplication重复effector效应器electric coupling 电偶联electron microscope电子显微镜elementary particle基粒eletronfusion 电融合elongation factor, EF延长因子embryonic induction胚胎诱导作用endocytosis内吞作用endolysosome内体性溶酶体endomembrane system内膜系统endoplasmic reticulum, ER内质网enhancer增强子enzyme酶equatorial plane

12、赤道面eucaryotes真核生物euchromatin常染色质eukaryotic cell真核细胞exocytosis 胞吐作用exon外显子extracellular matrix, ECM细胞外基质extrinsic; peripheral protein外在蛋白；外周蛋白F body荧光小体facilitated diffusion易化扩散facultative heterochromatin兼性异染色质fibrillar component原纤维成分fibronectin, FN纤粘连蛋白fibrous actin, F-actin纤维状肌动蛋白flanking sequence侧

13、翼顺序fluid mosaic model液态镶嵌模型fluorescence microscope荧光显微镜fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, FRAP荧光漂白恢复fork-initiation protein叉起始蛋白frameshift mutation移码突变free cell游离细胞free diffusion自由扩散free energy自由能galactocerebroside半乳糖脑苷脂ganglioside神经节苷脂gap junction间隙连接gene基因gene cluster基因簇gene engineering基因

14、工程gene expression基因表达gene family基因家族gene mutation基因突变genetic code遗传密码genetic message 遗传信息genome基因组genome engineering染色体工程genomic DNA library基因组DNA文库glycogen storage disease type型糖原蓄积病glycolipid糖脂glycoprotein糖蛋白glycosaminoglycan, GAG氨基聚糖glycosylation糖基化Golgi apparatus高尔基器Golgi body高尔基体Golgi complex高尔

15、基复合体granular component颗粒成分granular drop脱粒granular endoplasmic reticulum颗粒内质网growth factor生长因子GT-AG ruleGT-AG法则guanine鸟嘌呤guanosine monophosphate, GMP鸟苷一磷酸，鸟苷酸hemidesmosome半桥粒hereditary factor遗传因子heterochromatin异染色质heterogeneous nuclear RNA, hnRNA不均一核RNAheterokaryon异核体heterophagolysosome异噬性溶酶体heteroph

16、agy异噬作用heteropyknosis异固缩highly repetitive sequence高度重复序列histone组蛋白holoenzyme全酶homokaryon同核体housekeeping gene管家基因housekeeping protein管家蛋白human leukocyte antigen, HLA人白细胞抗原hyaluronic acid, HA透明质酸hybrid cell杂交细胞hyperdiploid超二倍体hypodiploid亚二倍体immunofluorescence microscopy免疫荧光显微镜技术immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白in v

17、itro离体的in vivo体内的inactive X hypothesis失活X假说inborn errors of metabolism先天性代谢缺陷病inducer诱导物induction诱导inhibitor of mitotic factor, IMF有丝分裂因子抑制物initiation factor, IF起始因子inner membrane内膜inner nuclear membrane内层核膜insertion sequence, IS插入顺序Integral protein整合蛋白integrin整连蛋白inter membrane space; outer chamber

18、膜间腔；外室intercellular communication细胞间通讯intercristal space; inner chamber嵴间腔；内室intermediate filament中间纤维internal membrane内膜internal reticular apparatus内网器interphase间期interstitial deletion中间缺失interzonal microtubules区间微管intracristal space嵴内腔intra-nucleolar chromatin核仁内染色质intrinsic; integral protein内在蛋白；

19、整合蛋白intron内含子inversion倒位inverted repetitive sequence 倒位重复顺序ionic channel离子通道ionic coupling离子偶联jumping gene跳跃基因karyotype核型kinetochore着丝点kinetochore microtubules动粒微管Klinefelters syndrome先天性睾丸发育不全症lagging strand后随链laminin, LN层粘连蛋白lateral diffusion侧向扩散leading strand前导链leptotene 细线期ligand; chemical signa

20、l配体；化学信号light microscope光学显微镜linear polymer线性多聚体linker连接线liposome脂质体liquid crystal液晶low density lipoprotein, LDL低密度脂蛋白luxury gene奢侈基因luxury protein奢侈蛋白lymphokine淋巴激活素lymphotoxin淋巴毒素lysosome溶酶体major histocompatibility complex, MHC组织相容性复合体malignancy恶性matrical granule基质颗粒matrix基质matrix fibronectin, mFN

21、基质纤连蛋白maturation-prompting factor, MPF成熟促进因子medial Golgi stack高尔基中间囊膜meiosis减数分裂membrane antigen膜抗原membrane carbohydrate膜碳水化合物membrane flow膜流membrane lipid膜脂membrane protein膜蛋白membrane receptor膜受体membranous structure膜相结构messenger RNA信使核糖核酸mesosome 中间体metabolic coupling代谢偶联metacentric chromosome中央着丝粒

22、染色体metaphase中期micelle微团microfilament微丝microscopy显微镜技术microsome微粒体microtrabecular lattice微梁网格microtubule微管microtubule associated protein, MAP微管结合蛋白microtubule organizing centers, MTOC微管组织中心microvillus微绒毛middle repetitive sequence 中度重复序列miniband微带missense mutation错义突变mitochondria线粒体mitosis有丝分裂mitosis

23、phase有丝分裂期mitotic apparatus有丝分裂器mitotic factor, MF有丝分裂因子mobility流动性model for controlling gene expression基因表达调控模型molecular biology分子生物学molecular disease分子病monopotent cell单能细胞monosomy单体性multiple coiling model多级螺旋模型multipotent cell多能细胞myasthenia gravis重症肌无力症mycoplasma支原体myofibrils肌原纤维necrosis坏死neuropep

24、tide 神经肽non-continuation不连续性non-histone非组蛋白non-membranous structure非膜相结构nonsense mutation无义突变nuclear envelope核被膜nuclear lamina核纤层nuclear matrix核基质nuclear pore核孔nuclear pore complex核孔复合体nuclear sap核液nuclear sex核性别nuclear skeleton核骨架nucleic acid 核酸nucleic acid hybridization核酸分子杂交nucleo-cytoplasmic rat

25、io核质比nucleoid 类核体nucleoids拟核nucleolar associated chromatin核仁相随染色质nucleolar organizing region核仁组织区nucleolus核仁nucleosome核小体nucleotide核苷酸nucleosome core核小体核心nucleus细胞核nucleus transplantation核移植法nucleus-cytoplasm hybrid核质杂种Okazaki fragment岗崎片段oligomer fibronectin,oFN寡聚纤连蛋白oncogene癌基因operator gene 操纵基因op

26、eron操纵子operon theory操纵子学说organelle细胞器origin起点outer membrane外膜outer nuclear membrane外层核膜overlapping gene重叠基因oxidative phosphorylation氧化磷酸化pachytene 粗线期pairing stage配对期partial monosome部分单体partial trisomy部分三体passive transport 被动运输patching成斑现象peptide bond肽键peptidyl site, P site 肽基位；P位perinuclear space核间

27、隙perinucleolar chromatin 核仁周围染色质peripheral granule周边颗粒peripheral protein外周蛋白permeability通透性peroxisome; microbody过氧化物酶体；微体phagocytosis吞噬作用phagolysosome吞噬性溶酶体phagosome自噬体phase contrast microscope相差显微镜phenylalanine hydroxylase, PAH苯丙氨酸羟化酶phenylketonuria, PKU苯丙酮尿症phosphatidylinositol, PL磷脂酰肌醇phosphodiester bond磷酸二酯键phosphodiesterase, PDE磷酸二酯酶phosphoglyceride磷酸甘油酯phospholipase C,PLC磷脂酶Cphospholipid磷脂pinocytosis胞饮作用pinocytotic vesicle吞饮泡plasma cell浆细胞plasma fibronectin, pFN血浆纤连蛋白plasmid质粒point mutation点突变polar microtubule极间微管polarizing microscope偏光显微镜