中考英语专题讲解 形容词.docx

1、中考英语专题讲解 形容词2014中考专题复习 形容词 I、形容词（1）定义：说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词 的词叫形容词。（二）形容词的用法和在句中的位置1.作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词(something，anything，nothing，everything)之后。Its a cold and windy day. The beautiful girl is my sister. I have something important to tell you. Would you like something hot to drink？( ) What a _ c

2、ough! You seem _ ill. A. terrible, terribly B. terribly, terrible C. terrible, terrible D. terribly, terribly ( ) Wait a minute, I have to tell you. A. something interested B. something interesting C. interesting something D. anything interesting 【2013绥化】 How do you like the talk show? I think its _

3、, but some people think its so_. A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful enough; boring【2013黔西南】 The old man is so lonely that he hopes to know about_ every day . A. special something B. special anything C. something special D. anything special2.作表语，放在系动词之后。(look,feel,sme

4、ll,sound.)He looks happy today.Our school is big and clean.I felt terrible this morning.( ) Jim is _ at all his lessons. And Im sure hell do very _ in the exams. A. well, good B. good, well C. well, well D. good, good ( ) This egg smells _ , though it looks all right. A. good B. well C. bad D. badly

5、 3.作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。 I find it hard to travel around the big city. You must keep your eyes closed.4. 某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，表示一类人。常见的形容词有： dood/ bad , rich/ poor, young/bad, deaf/ blind,black/ white,living/dead等The young should be polite to the old.The rich should hlep the poor.5.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后

6、。【注】在英语中，表示事物的长、宽、高、深等时，主要有两种表达方式：结构：“基数词 + 单位名词+ 形容词（long,wide,tall, deep等）”。如果数词超过1，单位名词要用复数形式。【注】单位词有： meter; foot; inch; kilogram 等 Yao Ming is over 2 meters tall. The river is 50 meters wide.How long is the river？ Its about two hundred metres long.6.只能作表语的形容词： afraid；alone；asleep；awake；alive；we

7、ll健康的；ill；frightened The man is ill.（正） The ill man is my uncle.（误）7. 只能作定语的形容词： little小的；only唯一的；wooden木质的；woolen羊毛质的；elder年长的 My elder brother is in Beijing.（正） My brother is elder. （误）8 貌似副词的形容词：lonely；friendly；lively；lovely ( ) The twins are together most of the time. So they never feel . A. alo

8、ne B. lonely C. happily D. friendly （三）、形容词的排列顺序当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时，形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为： （限定词）一般描绘性形容词表示大小、长短、高低的形容词表示年龄、新旧的形容词表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词表示物质、材料的形容词（名词）。 There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village. （四）、有一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式 be +glad, happy, pleased+ to do sth.sorry, sad, sure, kindread

9、y, afraid, ableeasy, difficultIm very sad to hear the bad news.（五）形容词的构成： （1）常见名词变形容词的方法：名词构成方法意义举例表示天气的名词-y多.的cloud cloudy wind- windy sun-sunny rain - rainy snow - snowy 表示方位的名词-ern的方位west western east eastern south- southern northern 表示称谓的名词-ly般的friend friendly week - weekly day - daily表示时间的名词- l

10、y 每.的week weekly day daily表示物质的名词 - en制成的wood wooden gold golden表示情感的名词- ful- y-less的无的care-careful use useful beauty- beautiful hope- helpful luck-lucky noise- noisy health- healthyhope- hopeless care-careless home - homelsee表示大洲和国家的名词-n. 的的人Asia Asian Canadia- CanadianAmerica- American【2013莆田】The

11、Internet is really_to usWe can easily find information on it Aboring Buseful CInteresting【2013日照】Mary is so _ she comes to you whenever youre in trouble. A. useful B. careful C. thankful D. Helpful【2013济南】My uncle lost his ID card yesterday morning. _, a school boy found it and sent it back to him i

12、n the afternoon. A. Loudly B. Clearly C. Nearly D. Luckily（2） 复合形容词：指由几个词共同组成，并起形容词作用的词。 主要用作定语，不作表语。 结构：数词 + 名词 +（形容词） fifteen year- old adj.十五岁的 作定语用 (复合形容词)【注】复合形容词的特点： 各词之间有连字符号 名词用单数a fifteen year- old boy 15岁的男孩【2012黑龙江黑河市】 A_girl named Dong Xinyi looked after her disabled father. A. three-yea

13、r-old B. three-years-old C. three years old（六）、使用形容词的几个常用句型.1. “It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 表示；对某人来说做某事是怎样的 这一句型中常用的形容词有：dangerous (危险的),difficult (困难的), easy (容易的), hard (艰难的), important (重要的), impossible (不可能的), interesting (有趣的), necessary(必要的), pleasant(舒适的), safe(安全的), useful(有益/用的)等, It

14、is important for Tom to work on his fathers farm. Its very necessary for students to listen to teachers carefully.2. It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 意为：某人做某事是怎样的。 这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词有：careful(细心的), careless(粗心的), clever(聪明的), foolish(愚蠢的), good(好的), kind(友善的), lazy(懒惰的), nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),

15、right(正确的), wrong(错误的)等. Its very kind of you to help me. 3. 表示能力和意志的形容词，ready（乐意的，有准备的），able（有能力的），sure（一定），certain（一定）等常接不定式。 Lei Feng is always ready to help others. He is sure to get to school on time.4、 ing 形容词和 ed 形容词1). ing 形容词的特点：表示主动的意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰事物。2). ed 形容词的特点：表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人

16、，surprise-surprising/surprised interest-interesting/interestedexcite-exciting/excited tire- tiring/tired【2013安顺】He often drinks two cups of _ water when he comes back. A.boiling B.boil C.boiled D.boils【2013青岛】It is _ that Mr. Guo sailed across the world by himself _ within about 130 days A. terrifie

17、d, successful B. scary, successfully C. amazing, successfully D. convincing, successful(7）含有形容词的固定短语： 1.be +形容词+at be good at 善于，擅长于 be interested in 对感兴趣2. be + 形容词+ about be worried about 担忧 3.be+ 形容词+for be ready for 为作好准备 be famous for 以而著名 be good for 对.有益4. be +形容词 + in be interested in 对感到举 b

18、e strict in (with) (对工作、对人)严格要求 be week in 在.方面差5. be + 形容词+of be careful of 当心，注意 be afraid of害怕 be in (great) need of (很)需要 be fulll of 充满 be fond of 喜欢. be proud of 对.感到自豪 be tired of 对.感到厌烦 be sure of 对.有把握6. be +形容词+ with be covered with 被复盖 be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气 be pleased (with) 对感到高兴(满意)

19、 be strict with 对. 严格 be busy with 忙于 be patient with 对.有耐心 be popular with 受.欢迎 be satisfied with 对感到满意7. be +形容词+ to be able to do sth. 能够做 be glad to do sth. 很高兴做 be friendly to 对.友好 be polite to 对.有礼貌（8） 易混形容词辨析：1.good/ fine/ nice/ well. good 是含义最广的形容词，表“好的质量”，“好的品质”。等意思。1 Lucy is a good girl. 2

20、 These eggs are good ( 指鲜人品质)。. fine 侧重于“质量的精细”， “身体健康”，还可以表示“天气晴朗”等。如：1 This is a fine house. 2 How are you? Im fine, thank you.3 Its a fine day for walk. 这是一个散步的好天气。. nice 指从外表上的“好看、漂亮”。取悦于人的感觉。也可指“（对人）友好和蔼”如：1 Its a nice watch, but its not a good/fine one. 这块表看上去不错，但却不是一块好表。2 Its very nice of you

21、. 你真太好了。3 They are nice mooncakes. 这都是美味的月饼。. well 是副词。表干/做得“好”，修饰动词。也可作表语，指身体好。如：1 Well done! 干得好！2 Im well. 我好了。2. lone，lonely，alone I. lone “孤独的，寂寞的，无依无靠的“II. lonely “孤单的，寂寞的”，但更强调指渴望陪伴的孤独感受。 lonely 指人孤独的，寂寞的，强调主观感受；也可指某个地方是荒凉的III. alone意为“单独的，一个人的”，表示客观上无人陪伴，一般只作表语 alone = by oneself adj. 单独的，指无

22、人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。He often walks alone to home .( ) The old man lives _，but he never feels _. A. alone ;lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone D. lonely; lonelyII、形容词的比较级、最高级 1. 分类：形容词有原级，比较级 (“更加/比较. 的”)，最高级(“最.的”). 原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。(A).规则变化： 单音节和少数双音节形容词的规则变化. (1).一般在形容词词尾直接加er构成比较级, 直接加est

23、构成最高级，talltallertallest， longlongerlongest, shortshortest (2). 以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词，只需加r构成比较级, 加st构成最高级。nicenicernicest, fine finerfinest, largelargerlargest (3). 以辅元辅结尾的重读闭音节形容词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 er构成比较级，加est构成最高级，bigbiggerbiggest， hothotterhottest, redredderreddest （ ）It was yesterday than today. A. Hot B. h

24、oter C. hotter D. the hottest (4). 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，先把y变为i，再加er构成比较级, 加est构成最高级， busybuierbusiest, easyeasiereasiest. (5) 部分双音节形容词和多音节形容词在原级前加more构成比较级, 在原级前加most构成最高级， tiringmore tiringmost tiring, relaxing more relaxingmost relaxing, beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful （B） 不规则变化:原级比较级最高级good好的bette

25、r更好的best最好的well好；(身体)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的(不可数)；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)2.形容词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：一、原级的用法1.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too,rather He is

26、 too tired to walk on. The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟) I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐)( ) The girl was afraid she threw her bag away. A. so, that B. too, to C. too, that D. enough, to ( ) The two friends were _ pleased to see each other that they forgot everything. A. so B. too C. very D. much ( ) L

27、ets go out for supper now. Im very . A. hungry B. angry C. tired D. thirsty ( ) It is very to listen to him. A. interested B. interesting C. interested in D. interest 【2013泉州】 What should we do to reduce food waste? In a restaurant only order as_ as we need and try to eat it up. A. much B. more C. m

28、ost 2.原级常用的句型结构句子使用原级的两大标志 a. 当句中含有as (so)as时，句子一般使用原级. (肯定句中只能用as, 而否定句中可用so或as) （1）A= B-A+谓语动词+ as +adj / adv的原级+ as +B 表示 “A和B一样” 表示两者之间没有差别：Tom is as old as Kate. Tom is twice as old as Kate. His English is as good as yours. ( ) I dont think English is Chinese. A. as important as B. not importan

29、t as C. not so important D. important as【2013玉林】Liu Ying is good at singing. She sings _the famous singer, CoCo. A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. as the best as （2）AB-A +谓语动词+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B 表示 “A不如B” 表示第一个人比不上第二个人： This room is not as/so big as that one. b. 当形容词前含有quite, so, too, very等副词时，句子一般用原级，He is too tired to walk on. I am very hungry now, but I dont want to eat. 二、形容词比较级的用法1.可以修饰比较级的词.much，a lot，far，的多a little，a bit，一点儿even甚至，still仍然 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型： A+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+B+.