高三英语语法讲解及练习题非谓语动词.docx

1、高三英语语法讲解及练习题非谓语动词重难点分析动词分两种：一、谓语动词；二、非谓语动词。非谓语动词是高考的重点，几乎是每年的必考点。追踪这几年高考英语可以发现，主要考查了非谓语动词的一般用法和含义，但是题目的设计注重了情景化，结构较为复杂，考生应予以重视，并下大力气掌握非谓语动词的用法。一、非谓语动词的分类、构成与功能一览表非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定时to do, to be doing, to have done, to have been doingto be done, to have been done在to、动名词、分词前+not/neverfor sb. t

2、o do sth.具有名词、副词和形容词的作用，在句中作主语、定语、表语、宾语、状语、宾补(在let, make, see, feel, notice等动词后作宾补时不带to)分词现在分词doing, having donebeing done, having been done具有副词、形容词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、状语、宾补(常用在see, find, feel, keep, get, have等动词之后)过去分词done动名词doing, having donebeing done, having been donesb.s doing具有名词的作用，在句中作主语、定语、表语、宾语二

3、、作宾语的非谓语动词比较情况常用动词只接不定式作宾语的动词或短语hope, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happenwould like, take steps/measures/actions, make up ones mind, try ones best, make efforts to只接动名词作宾语的动词或短语mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish,

4、 escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, avoid, risk, resist, considerfeel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to,

5、stick to, adapt to两者都可以意义基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue (接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为)need, want, allow, require (接动名词主动形式是表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式)意义相反stop to do 停止做手中的事，去做另外一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret to do (指动作尚未发生)；remember/forget/regret doing (指动作已经发生)go on to

6、 do (接着做另外一件事)go on doing (接着做同一件事)try to do (设法；努力去做)try doing (试着做)mean to do (打算做；企图做)mean doing (意思是；意味着)cant help (to) do (不能帮忙做) cant help doing 忍不住/禁不住要做三、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别类别常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage (接带to的不定式)主谓关系；强调动作将发生或已经完成I expect them t

7、o win the game.have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make, observe, listen to (接不带to的不定式)I heard him call me several times.现在分词notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel, observe, catch (即：感官动词和使役动词)主谓关系；强调动作正在进行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio. 过去分词动宾关系；动作已经完成，多强调状态We found the vi

8、llage greatly changed. 四、现在分词和过去分词的用法对比分类项目现在分词过去分词例句意义表示主动意义表示被动意义I can hear him singing. I can hear the song sung in English.动作所表示的动作一般在进行中所表示的动作已完成China is a developing country while America is a developed one. 语义意思为“令人”意思为“感到”It is an exciting match, so we are excited. 五、特别提示1. 关于不定式(1) 不定式作介词宾语

9、时，如前面有实义动词do(各种形式)，则不定式不带to；否则不能省略to。如：He did nothing all the morning but watch TV. 一早上他啥都没做，就看电视了。He said nothing but to sleep. 他什么都没说就睡觉了。(2) 不定式作定语时，如果不定式与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，且不定式的动词是不及物动词，介词不能省略。如：I want a small room to live in. 我想住小房间。I need a nice pen to write with. 我需要一支好用的笔写字。(3) 不定式作感官动词和部分使役动词

10、(let, make)的宾补，动词不定式不带to，但句子变成被动语态时，要带to。如：I saw him go into the room. He was seen to go into the room. 我看见他进了房间。2. 关于分词(1) 现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行，不定式作补语表示动作发生的全过程。如：I saw him walking across the road. (正在穿过马路) 我看到他正在过马路。I saw him walk across the road. (看到全过程，过了马路了) 我看到他过了马路。(2) 及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的一般被动式(b

11、eing done)都有被动意义，前者表示动作完成，后者表示动作正在进行。如：The picture fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (已经被订在墙上了) 订在墙上的画是一个朋友送的。The picture being fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (正被订在墙上) 正在往墙上订的画是一个朋友送的。注意：不定式有表将来之意。如：The picture to be fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (将要被订在墙上) 将要订

12、在墙上的画是一个朋友送的。(3) 分词的独立主格结构：如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，需用一个独立结构(即保留分词的逻辑主语)或者由一个with/without引导的介词短语表达。如：Time permitting, we will do another two exercises. 时间允许，我们将再做两个练习。His work finished, he prepared to go home. = With his work finished, he prepared to go home. 完成工作后他准备回家。3. 关于动名词(1) 动名词作定语表所修饰词的用途；而现在分词表

13、动作或状态、特征。(2) 动名词的复合结构作宾语，动名词的逻辑主语可用宾格代词或不带所有格。但作主语不行。如：Do you mind me/Tom smoking here? 你介意我/汤姆在这儿吸烟吗？My/Toms smoking here annoyed him. 我/汤姆在这儿吸烟让他很恼怒。(3) 动名词作主语还可用于“There be no +动名词”结构和布告形式的省略结构中。如：There is no knowing what he will do next. 不知道他下一步会做什么。There is no denying the fact that children are

14、more active. 不可否认，小孩子更好动。No smoking. 禁止吸烟。考点练透一、单句填空 用每题括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. (1) _ to the left, and you will see the bus stop.(2) _ to the left, you will see the bus stop. (turn)2. (1) _ many times, he still couldnt understand the question.(2) _ me the bad news, he went out of the room sadly. (tell)3.

15、(1) Nothing could make us _ up the hope.(2) Crusoe made a candle _ light. (give)4. (1) I want _ your bag.(2) Your eyes want _. (3) I want my eyes _ this afternoon. (examine)5. (1) Whats the way Mr. Smith thought of _ enough money to buy the new house?(2) I am thinking of _ Tom to repair my bike. (ge

16、t)6. (1) We dont allow _ in the office because of the public health. (2) We dont allow anyone _ in the office because of the public health. (smoke)7. (1) My little brother enjoys nothing but _ to music.(2) My little brother does nothing all day but _ to music. (3) My little brother had no choice but

17、 _ to me. (listen)8. (1) The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself _.(2) The teacher raised his voice in order to make his students _ what he said.(3) The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. (hear)9. (1) The problem is worth _ again.(2) The problem is wort

18、hy _ again.(3) The problem is worthy of _. (discuss)10. (1) The sap (汁液) passes right through their bodies, only _ (get) a little thicker and sweeter.(2) He worked harder only _ (fail) again.11. (1) No one can stop us _ questions.(2) We stopped _ a schoolboy the way to the teachers office. (ask)12.

19、(1) _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (2) Nearly every great building in Beijing was built _ south. (face)13. (1) The parents meeting _ next Saturday is very important.(2) The 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing was a great success.(3) The parents meeting _ in our school no

20、w is important. (hold)14. (1) _ this cake, you need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.(2) _ the cake, she got down to cooking some milk.(3) I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ matters worse, it began to rain. (make)15. (1) The room is so dirty that I cant help _ it.(2) I am too busy, so I cant

21、 help _ the room.(3) The room is too dirty. I cant help but _ it. (clean)16. (1) I knew I would be busy today, so I had my paper _ last night.(2) I cant go with you. I have some papers _.(3) Do you have any papers _, sir? (type)17. (1) With many problems _, the president will have a hard time.(2) Wi

22、th the problem _, he had a good sleep last night.(3) With the secretary _ the problem, he is reading the newspaper leisurely in the office. (settle)18. (1) “I ever saw him _ an old man of 500 yuan,” he said to the police.(2) He was seen _ an old man of 500 yuan in the street yesterday. (3) Unluckily

23、, the policeman saw him _ an old man around the corner. (cheat)19. The film was _ and all of us were very _. (disappoint)20. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ (open and close) could be heard outside the classroom.二、语篇填空 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。_1_ (fall) in love with a beautiful girl, a lion we

24、nt to her parents and asked them _2_ (marry) her to him.The old parents did not know what to say.Not _3_ (like) the idea of giving their daughter to the lion, they did not want _4_ (anger) the king of beasts. At last the father said, “We are as glad as other parents _5_ (marry) our daughter to you,

25、but we fear that you might possibly hurt her. So _6_ (remove) your claws and teeth, you can marry her.”_7_ (love) the girl very much, the lion trimmed (修剪) his claws and took out his big teeth. _8_ (come) to the parents again, he was simply laughed in his face. _9_ (beat) out of the house, the lion

26、felt _10_ (depress) and died soon.三、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。I often travel to unusual places and work alongside interesting people from all over the world. Using scientific equipment and 1 (collect) information about volcanoes is my job. 2 my job is occasionally dangerous, I dont mind

27、because danger excites me and makes me feel alive. 3 is known, when lava from the volcano flows, many houses will be covered 4 lava or be burnt to the ground. However, my job helps scientists predict 5 lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast, which can help protect ordinary people 6 one of

28、 the most powerful forces on earth the volcano. I once experienced the eruption of Mount Kilauea 7 was lucky to have a close look at the 8 (absolute) fantastic sight. When it broke out, red lava was fountained hundreds of meters into the air. All the lava 9 (pass) slowly down the mountain caused gre

29、at damage and buried everything in 10 path under the molten rock.助读词汇occasionally adv. 偶尔lava n. 火山岩浆eruption n. 爆发fantastic adj. 不可思议的；壮观的fountain vt. 喷molten rock 熔岩Mount Kilauea基拉韦厄火山be burnt to the ground 被烧成平地四、佳作欣赏 下面短文中多处使用非谓语动词代替状语从句或定语从句的表达，用心体会其用法。Wealth and happinessSome people prefer wealth, thinking it can bring happiness to them. It is true that most of them try to acquire wealth by means of honest labor. They work hard and overcome many difficulties. Doing this, they feel very happy and pleased. In their view, spending money i