最新中考形容词和副词的用法总结.docx

1、最新中考形容词和副词的用法总结中考形容词和副词的用法总结形容词和副词都是起修饰作用的词，形容词修饰名词和代词。副词修饰动词，形容词和其他副词或整个句子。一 形容词的构成1 本身是形容词。如：good，happy等。2 由名词加y构成：sunsunny,wind-windy,rainrainy,flower-flowery.3.由名词+-able,+-ent,+-en,+-al,+-less,+-ful,+-ing,+-ive,等构成，如：comfortcomfortable， differdifferent,nationnational, woodwooden, care- careful,c

2、arecareless, excite-exciting, act-active.4.由名词+ly构成形容词，如：friendly，lonely, lovely，lively,likely,ugly,brotherly, motherly,fatherly,daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early,manly,orderly,deadly,等。5 复合形容词 如：kind-hearted,warm-hearted,well-educated,good-looking,man-made,Harding-working,peace-loving,new-born, sno

3、w-white,duty-free.二 形容词的作用1 做定语 修饰名词和代词a good boy，something new,等。2 做表语，He is happy.3 作宾语补足语 I found him hard-working.4 作主语补足语 He was found hard-working.(被动语态中）5 做主语或宾语（前面加the）The new replaces the old.新事物代替旧事物。6伴随状语 Tired and hot, we have to stop to have a rest.三 形容词的位置1 放在所修饰的名词前，a red coat.2 放在不定代

4、词的后面 something important.3 长宽高深等形容词放在数词+名词的后面， 如：five meters high/deep/wide/long, six years old,4 enough 放在形容词和副词之后，名词前后均可。big enough,enough time.5 一些以a-开头的表语形容词不能放在名词前面做定语，要放在名词后做后置定语，如：a man alive活着的人,a awake baby一个醒着的婴儿, a asleep baby一个睡着的婴儿,但是如果这些词本身带有副词修饰时，可以放在名词前面，如a fast asleep baby 一个熟睡的婴儿th

5、e wide awake soldier十分清醒的士兵。6在下列结构中，形容词要放在冠词前，so/how/as/too+adj.+a/an+n. It is as pleasant a day as yesterday. How beautiful a park it is It is too cold a day to go out. He is so clever a boy that heworks out the problem.只做表语的形容词 ：ill,sorry,well,pleased,unable,sure,glad.几组常见形容词的区别 1much too,too much

6、 2 hard,hardly 3 too,also,either,as well4 already,yet 5 loud,loudly,aloud6 some time,sometime,some times,sometimes7 ago,before 8 just,just now,now9 so such10 too enough副词 一 副词的分类1时间副词 放在句末，2 地点副词 放句末,地点副词与动词连用时，不加介词，go there,come here,Turn left,turn right=turn to the right,go east ,go west,go upstai

7、rs,go downstairs, go abroad,go somewhere/anywhere/everywhere, .3程度副词放在所修饰的词前面，enough除外4 频度副词 放在be,第一个助动词，情态动词的之后，行为动词之前。5 关系副词 连接定语从句when,where,why6疑问副词 构成特殊疑问句when,where,why,how.7 连接副词 连接名词性从句 （宾语从句，表语从句，主语从句 等 when ,where,why,how.注意方式状语，地点状语，时间状语 ， 按这个顺序二 副词的构成1 本身是副词very ,rather等。2与形容词形式一样hard,ea

8、rly，late，high,wide ,deep 等。an early bus,get up early the late changes,stay up late,200meters high,fly high ,50 feet deep, on a hard floor,study hard talk deep into the night谈到深夜，ten minutes late晚十分钟，arrive late, a wide street,open your mouth/eyes wide,be widely used.3由形容词+ly构成，slow-slowly,quick-quic

9、kly,brave-,bravely,clear-clearly.4 部分以-e结尾的形容词,去e+ly,构成副词。true-truly , possible-possibly, terrible-terribly,simple-simply,probable-probably. widely5 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词，变副词要把y改成i再加ly,如：happy-happily。6本身是副词，加上ly以后意义不同。 late lately ,hard hardly,close closely,like likely,deep deeply,high highly,wide widely, g

10、oog well三 副词的作用1作状语 修饰动词 rain heavily ,修饰形容词原形的词too,rather ,very,so quite ,修饰其他副词too fast, 修饰介词 just behind the door,修饰从句 This is exactly what I need,修饰其他词 almost everyone,nearly 100 people,等。2做后置定语 the girl there,the population here.3作表语，Who is in?4作补语Let him out.5 作介宾 from abroad/here几组常见副词的用法区别 1

11、much too,too much 2 hard hardly 3 too ,also either, as well 4 already ,yet 5 loud,loudly6 some times ,sometimes,sometime,some time 7 too ,enough 8 ago before 9just,just now ,now10 so, such形容词和副词的比较级最高级形式一比较级的构成规则 1规则变化2不规则变化二 比较级的用法一）原级比较句型 肯定句型 A.+as+adj,/adv.+as+B 和.一样. 否定句型 A.+not+so/as+adj./adv.

12、 +as+B. A不如B. 降级比较A +less+adj./adv.+than B .A不如B.any other +单数名词（all）the other +复数名词anyone else/anything elseany of the other +复数名词二） 比较级句型 1 比较级+than +比较对象 No(other)+单数名词/no one=nobody/none+比较级+than.没有.比更。No other way is better than this one.No ( other)+单数名词/no one/nobody/none.+as/so+adj./adv.+as+.

13、No ocean in the world is as big as the Pacific Ocean.2 the+比较级，the+比较级越，越。3 比较级+and+比较级，越来越。4 the+比较级+of the two.,两者中较为的一个。5 疑问词+be+比较级，A or B?两者中最.?能够修饰比较级的单词 much,far,even,still,any, rather ,a lot, a little,a bit,a great deal,三）最高级句型1. the+最高级+可数名词单数+of/in/among.,.中最.2. one of the+最高级+复数名词+of/in/a

14、mong.,.最.之一。3 特殊疑问词+ be+the +最高级，A, B or C ?三者中最.? 特殊疑问词+行为动词+副词最高级，A , B or C?Who runs fastest,Jim,Kate or Mike4 .the+序数词+最高级+单数可数名词+in （范围）在.第几最.能修饰最高级的词 by far,almost,nearly. 比较级注意事项1 比较对象必须是对等的即同类事物或人.It is colder in Beijing than in Shanghai.2 句中后面的名词避免重复，使用that代替可数名词单数或不可数名词，用those代替可数名词复数，也可以用

15、the one代替单数可数名词。 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. The students in our class are stronger than those in their class. The girl in red is taller than the one in green .3 比较对象在同一范围内时用other把自身排除掉，不在同一范围内不用otherShanghai is bigger than any other city in China.Shanghai is bigger than

16、any city in Africa.4 no +比较级+than 两者均否定，译为“一样不”not +比较级+than，两者均肯定，前者不如后者，译为“不如”This problem is no more important than that one.这个问题和那个问题一样不重要。This problem isnt more important than that one.这个问题不如那个问题重要。5 There are many more + 复数名词+地点A+ than +地点B There are many more books in our school than in their

17、 school. There is much more + 不可数名词+地点A+than+地点B There is much more water in the sea than in the river.6 than后主格和宾格区别 当谓语是be动词,或不及物动词或动词宾语是物时，主格和宾格无区别。若than 后保留动词的话，用主格不能用宾格。 She is taller than he /him. She speaks English better than he/him. Tom runs faster than I do(不能用me); She speaks English bette

18、r than he does.当谓语动词是及物动词时，意义则不同，如：I knows you better than he (knows you).此句是主语相比较，我比他更了解你I like you better than(I know) him .和他相比，我更了解你（我了解你胜过了解他。） than是you时，助动词就不能省略了。She knows me better than you do.7 a most interesting story十分有趣的故事，the most interesting story 最有趣的故事四）倍数的表达1 A+ be(或行为动词）+倍数+as+adj.

19、/adv.+as+B 。A是B的倍 This room is three times as big as that one2 A+be(或行为动词）+倍数+比较级+than +B。A比B倍。This room is three times bigger than that one.3 A+be+倍数+the size(length,width,height,depth,weight.)+of B. A 是B的倍。This room is three times the size of that one.4 A +be(行为动词） + as +many+复数名词（much+不可数名词）+as +

20、B We see as many books as we can .we eat as much food as we can. We have as many books as them.一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1阅读理解 According to a 2018 study from San Francisco State University, nearly 2. 4 billion people around the world used a smartphone in 2017. By the end of 2019, more than a third of the global

21、 population will be using a smartphone. However, smartphone technology can be a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it sends us unlimited amounts of information. On the other hand, using a smartphone may become an addiction. Erik Peper and Richard Harvey are both health education professors at San

22、Francisco State university. They led the study. Peper explains that smartphone addiction forms connections in the brain that are similar to drug addiction. And these connections form slowly over time. Also, addiction to social media may affect our emotional state. The two professors asked 135 univer

23、sity students about their habit of smartphone use and their feelings. They found that students who used their phones the most reported higher levels of feeling lonely, depressed and anxious. Peper and Harvey do not blame users for their technology addiction. They believe it is the tech industrys des

24、ire to make more money that is to blame for the technology addiction. The researchers warm that workers in the technology industry know how to control our brains and turn us into addicts. But the researchers say that we can limit our brains to be less addicted to our phones and computers. Enk Peper

25、suggests timing off our phones before we sleep or do something important. The researchers also suggest taking control of when and where you answer texts or emails. You do not need to answer them all. And you certainly dont need to answer them as soon as you get them. They also suggest putting limits

26、 on the time you spend on social media. If you want to catch up with friends on Facebook, set aside a small amount of time to it. You should focus on important tasks and do not allow technology to disturb you.（1）What can we infer from Paragraph 1? A.Smartphone use has become extremely common.B.Most

27、young people cant live without smartphones.C.Smartphones make our life more colorful and convenient.D.Most people consider smartphones as the greatest invention.（2）The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 means smartphone technology_. A.has a brilliant futureB.can be better than most people thinkC.has

28、 both advantages and disadvantagesD.can give us unlimited amounts of information（3）What did Enk Peper and Richard Harvey find about smartphone use? A.It can help reduce loneliness.B.Its more popular with students.C.Its preferred by young people feeling lonely.D.It can harm students emotional state i

29、n many ways.（4）What does the last paragraph mainly want to tell us? A.Social media isnt that important to us.B.We can train our brine to do many things.C.We shouldnt become addicted to our smartphones.D.There are ways to deal with Smartphone use addiction.（5）Which of the followings is True? A.We can

30、 use smartphones to deal with loneliness.B.An addiction cant be controlled if we still use smartphones.C.There were nearly 2. 4 billion people using smartphones in the world in 2017.D.Stop using smartphones if you dont know when and where you should answer the emails.【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）D（4）D（5）C 【解析】【分

31、析】【文章大意】本文讲述了智能手机的利与弊。一方面，它向我们发送无限的信息。另一方面，使用智能手机可能会成为一种瘾。 （1）判断推理题。根据nearly2.4 billion people around the world used a smartphone in 2017 By the end of 2019more than a third of the global population will be using a smartphone.201，全球近24亿人使用智能手机。到2019年底，全球超过三分之一的人口将使用智能手机。可知，智能手机的使用已经变得非常普遍。故选 A。 （2）句意猜测题。根据后一句 On the one hand it sends us unlimited amounts of information.On the other handusing a smartphone may become an addicti