IAS 30 Disclosures in the Financial Statements of Banks and Similar Financial Institutions.docx

1、IAS 30 Disclosures in the Financial Statements of Banks and Similar Financial InstitutionsIAS 30 Disclosures in the Financial Statements of Banks and Similar Financial InstitutionsThis Standard is effective for financial statements covering periods beginning on or after 1 January 1991.In 1998, parag

2、raphs 24 and 25 of IAS 30 were amended. The amendments replace references to IAS 25, Accounting for Investments, by references to IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement.In 1999, paragraphs 26, 27, 50 and 51 of IAS 30 were amended. These amendments replace references to IAS 10, Co

3、ntingencies and Events Occurring After the Balance Sheet Date, by references to IAS 37, Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, and conform the terminology used to that in IAS 37.International Accounting Standard 30 Disclosures in the Financial Statements of Banks and Similar Finan

4、cial Institutions (IAS 30) is set out in paragraphs 1-59. All the paragraphs have equal authority but retain the IASC format of the Standard when it was adopted by the IASB. IAS 30 should be read in the context of the Preface to International Financial Reporting Standards and the Framework for the P

5、reparation and Presentation of Financial Statements. These provide a basis for selecting and applying accounting policies in the absence of explicit guidance.Scope1. This Standard should be applied in the financial statements of banks and similar financial institutions (subsequently referred to as b

6、anks).2. For the purposes of this Standard, the term bank includes all financial institutions, one of whose principal activities is to take deposits and borrow with the objective of lending and investing and which are within the scope of banking or similar legislation. The Standard is relevant to su

7、ch enterprises whether or not they have the word bank in their name.3. Banks represent a significant and influential sector of business worldwide. Most individuals and organisations make use of banks, either as depositors or borrowers. Banks play a major role in maintaining confidence in the monetar

8、y system through their close relationship with regulatory authorities and governments and the regulations imposed on them by those governments. Hence there is considerable and widespread interest in the well-being of banks, and in particular their solvency and liquidity and the relative degree of ri

9、sk that attaches to the different types of their business. The operations, and thus the accounting and reporting requirements, of banks are different from those of other commercial enterprises. This Standard recognises their special needs. It also encourages the presentation of a commentary on the f

10、inancial statements which deals with such matters as the management and control of liquidity and risk.4. This Standard supplements other International Accounting Standards which also apply to banks unless they are specifically exempted in a Standard.5. This Standard applies to the separate financial

11、 statements and the consolidated financial statements of a bank. Where a group undertakes banking operations, this Standard is applicable in respect of those operations on a consolidated basis.Background6. The users of the financial statements of a bank need relevant, reliable and comparable informa

12、tion which assists them in evaluating the financial position and performance of the bank and which is useful to them in making economic decisions. They also need information which gives them a better understanding of the special characteristics of the operations of a bank. Users need such informatio

13、n even though a bank is subject to supervision and provides the regulatory authorities with information that is not always available to the public. Therefore disclosures in the financial statements of a bank need to be sufficiently comprehensive to meet the needs of users, within the constraint of w

14、hat it is reasonable to require of management.7. The users of the financial statements of a bank are interested in its liquidity and solvency and the risks related to the assets and liabilities recognised on its balance sheet and to its off balance sheet items. Liquidity refers to the availability o

15、f sufficient funds to meet deposit withdrawals and other financial commitments as they fall due. Solvency refers to the excess of assets over liabilities and, hence, to the adequacy of the banks capital. A bank is exposed to liquidity risk and to risks arising from currency fluctuations, interest ra

16、te movements, changes in market prices and from counterparty failure. These risks may be reflected in the financial statements, but users obtain a better understanding if management provides a commentary on the financial statements which describes the way it manages and controls the risks associated

17、 with the operations of the bank.Accounting Policies8. Banks use differing methods for the recognition and measurement of items in their financial statements. While harmonisation of these methods is desirable, it is beyond the scope of this Standard. In order to comply with IAS 1 Presentation of Fin

18、ancial Statements and thereby enable users to understand the basis on which the financial statements of a bank are prepared, accounting policies dealing with the following items may need to be disclosed:(a) the recognition of the principal types of income (see paragraphs 10 and 11);(b) the valuation

19、 of investment and dealing securities (see paragraphs 24 and 25);(c) the distinction between those transactions and other events that result in the recognition of assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and those transactions and other events that only give rise to contingencies and commitments

20、(see paragraphs 26 to 29);(d) the basis for the determination of impairment losses on loans and advances and for writing off uncollectible loans and advances (see paragraphs 43-49); and(e) the basis for the determination of charges for general banking risks and the accounting treatment of such charg

21、es (see paragraphs 50 to 52).Some of these topics are the subject of existing International Accounting Standards while others may be dealt with at a later date.Editorial note: First paragraph and sub-paragraph (d) substituted by improvements project standard IAS 39 with effect for annual periods beg

22、inning on or after 1 January 2005. If an entity applies this Standard for an earlier period, these amendments shall be applied for that earlier period. Previously Banks use differing methods for the recognition and measurement of items in their financial statements. While harmonisation of these meth

23、ods is desirable, it is beyond the scope of this Standard. In order to comply with IAS 1, Presentation of Financial Statements, and thereby enable users to understand the basis on which the financial statements of a bank are prepared, accounting policies dealing with the following items may need to

24、be disclosed: (d) the basis for the determination of losses on loans and advances and for writing off uncollectable loans and advances (see paragraphs 43 to 49); andIncome Statement9. A bank should present an income statement which groups income and expenses by nature and discloses the amounts of th

25、e principal types of income and expenses.10. In addition to the requirements of other Standards, the disclosures in the income statement or the notes to the financial statements shall include, but are not limited to, the following items of income and expenses:Interest and similar income;Interest exp

26、ense and similar charges;Dividend income;Fee and commission income;Fee and commission expense;Gains less losses arising from dealing securities;Gains less losses arising from investment securities;Gains less losses arising from dealing in foreign currencies;Other operating income;Impairment losses o

27、n loans and advances;General administrative expenses; andOther operating expenses.Editorial note: First paragraph and tenth item substituted by improvements project standard IAS 39 with effect for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2005. If an entity applies this Standard for an earlier

28、period, these amendments shall be applied for that earlier period. Previously In addition to the requirements of other International Accounting Standards, the disclosures in the income statement or the notes to the financial statements should include, but are not limited to, the following items of i

29、ncome and expenses: Losses on loans and advances;11. The principal types of income arising from the operations of a bank include interest, fees for services, commissions and dealing results. Each type of income is separately disclosed in order that users can assess the performance of a bank. Such di

30、sclosures are in addition to those of the source of income required by IAS 14, Segment Reporting.12. The principal types of expenses arising from the operations of a bank include interest, commissions, losses on loans and advances, charges relating to the reduction in the carrying amount of investme

31、nts and general administrative expenses. Each type of expense is separately disclosed in order that users can assess the performance of a bank.13. Income and expense items shall not be offset except for those relating to hedges and to assets and liabilities that have been offset in accordance with I

32、AS 32.Editorial note: Substituted by improvements project standard IAS 39 with effect for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2005. If an entity applies this Standard for an earlier period, these amendments shall be applied for that earlier period. Previously Income and expense items should not be offset except for those relating to hedges and to assets and liabilities which have been offset in accordance with paragraph 23.14. Offsetting in cases other than those relating to hedges and to assets and liabilities that have been offset as described in IAS 32 prevents u