上外英语专业考研不可不读.docx

1、上外英语专业考研不可不读千丈之堤，以蝼蚁之穴溃；百尺之屋，以突隙之烟焚。A long dike will collapse because of an ant-hole in it; a tall building will be burned down by a spark from a chimneys chink.锲而舍之，朽木不折，锲而不舍，金石可镂。Carve but give up half way, even a decayed piece of wood will not break; carve without stop, even metal and stone can b

2、e engraved.人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴阳缺，此事古难全。People have sorrow and joy; they part and meet again. The moon dims or shines; it waxes or wanes. Nothing is perfect, not even in the olden days.人之于文学也，犹玉之于琢磨也。Learning and culture are to a person what polished and grinding are to jade.三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。Among a

3、ny three people walking, I will find something to learn for sure. Their good qualities are to be followed, and their shortcomings are to be avoided.士不可以不弘毅，任重而道远。仁以为己任，不亦重乎？死而后己，不亦远乎？An educated gentleman cannot but be resolute and broad-minded, for he has taken up a heavy responsibility and a long

4、course. Is it not a heavy responsibility, which is to practice benevolence? Is it not a long course, which will end only with his death?士之为人，当理不避其难，临患忘利，遗生行义，视死如归。A moral intellectual is one who escapes no danger in face of truth, discards personal interests in front of disaster, practices righteous

5、ness at the expense of life, and looks upon death as going home.逝者如斯夫！不舍昼夜。The passage of time is just like the flow of water, which goes on day and night.顺天者存，逆天者亡。Those who follow the Heavens law will survive; those who go against it will perish.天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，增益其所不能

6、。When Heaven is about to place a great responsibility on a great man, it always first frustrates his spirit and will, exhausts his muscles and bones, exposes him to starvation and poverty, harasses him by troubles and setbacks so as to stimulate his spirit, toughen his nature and enhance his abiliti

7、es.天生我才必有用。Heaven has endowed me with talents for eventual use.天时不如地利，地利不如人和。Opportunities vouchsafed by Heaven are less important than terrestrial advantages, which in turn are less important than the unity among people.天行健，君子以自强不息。As Heavens movement is ever vigorous, so must a gentleman ceaseless

8、ly strive along.温故而知新，可以为师矣。He who by reviewing the old can gain knowledge of the new and is fit to be a teacher.物格而后知至，知至而后意诚，意诚而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齐，家齐而后治国，国治而后天下平。Things investigated, genuine knowledge acquired; genuine knowledge acquired ,thoughts purified; thoughts purified, hearts rectified; hear

9、ts rectified, personalities cultivated; personalities cultivated, families regulated; families regulated, the states well governed; the states well governed, the whole world will be in peace and tranquil.相见时难别亦难。It is unbearable to meet as well as to depart.学不可以已。青取之于蓝，而青于蓝；冰，水为之，而寒于冰。君子博学而日参省乎己，则知明

10、而行无过矣。There is never an end to learning. The dye extracted from the indigo is bluer than the plant; so is the ice colder than the water. By broadly learning and constantly examining himself every day, the gentleman sharpens his awareness and makes fewer mistakes.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。Learning without thinki

11、ng leads to confusion; thinking without learning ends in danger.学而不厌，诲人不倦。Never be contented with your study; never be impatient with your teaching.学如逆水行舟，不进则退。Learning is like rowing upstream: not to advance is to drop back.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。It is such a delight to have friends coming from afar.玉不琢，不成器。人

12、不学，不知义。As a jade without chiseling will not become a useful object, a man without learning will not know the Way.欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。We widen our views three hundred miles by ascending one flight of stairs. /Exhausting my eyes to a thousand li further, I am ascending one more story of the tower.在天愿做比翼鸟，在地愿为

13、连理枝。In heaven let us be two birds flying ever together, and on earth two trees with branches interlocked forever.不登高山，不知天之厚也；不临深渊，不知地之厚也。One can never be aware of the height of the sky or the depth of the earth, if he does not climb up a high mountain or look down into a deep abyss.大道之行也，天下为公。A publ

14、ic spirit will rule all under the sky when the great Way prevails.丹青不知老将近，富贵于我如浮云。Absorbed in painting, you know not old age is coming; indeed, to me wealth and rank are like clouds scudding.曲则全，枉则直，洼则盈，敝则新，少则得，多则惑。To be part is to be whole; to be bent is to be straight; to be hollow is to be filled

15、; to be worn out is to be renewed; to have little is to have more; to have much is to be confused.朱子家训(1) 一粥一饭，当思来之不易。半丝半缕，恒念物力维艰。The growing of rice and of grainThink on whenever you dine;Remember how silk is obtainedWhich keeps you warm and looks fine.（2）宜未雨而绸缪，勿临渴而掘井。In periods of droughtWise bir

16、ds mend their nestSo when the clouds burstThey snugly may rest;Never be the fool Who starts to dig a well in the groundWhen he wants a drink of waterAnd water cant be found.（3）与肩挑贸易毋占便宜，与贫苦亲邻须加温恤。Bargain you not with the traveler who vends;Share of your wealth with your neighbors and friends. （4）居家戒

17、争讼，讼则终凶；处世戒多言，言多必失。Dont take into court your family disputes,Unpleasant endings emerge from lawsuits;To comport yourself well in society,Restrain loose tongues impropriety.（5）勿恃权势而凌孤寡；勿贪口腹而恣杀性。Use not your bow and arrowTo bully orphan and widow.Do not dumb animals slaughter at willYour appetite gree

18、dy to over fulfill.（6）乖僻自是，悔悟必多；颓惰自甘，家园终替。Egocentric people growMuch regret and sorrow;Lazy, slothful people sowPoverty tomorrow.（7）施惠勿念；受恩莫忘。In proclaiming your virtues go slow;And be mindful of mercy you own.（8）凡事当留余地，得意不宜再往。Leave room for retreatWhen trying new feat.You will try, try in vainTo re

19、peat windfall gain.（9）人有喜庆，不可生忌妒心；人有祸患，不可生欣幸心。Dont envy others success;Dont gloat oer others distress.(注：oer即over，为了译文的音律而采用缩略的形式)（10）善欲人见，不是真善；恶恐人知，便是大恶。To brag of the good you have doneWill never impress anyone.Personal scandals you try hard to hideWill soon be known far and wide.美文妙译林语堂的Moment in

20、 Peking当中描写慈禧太后的句子：1. The ignorant old woman who ruled for the entire last half of the nineteenth century did more than any other single person to hold back Chinas progress. Without her the progressive Emperor Kuangshu would certainly have gone on with his reforms. To the end, the Emperor, like an e

21、agle deprived of its wings, remained submissive to his aunt. Ignorance added to a strong character was a double curse; stupidity joining hands with stubbornness was twice stupid.张振玉先生的译文：那个愚蠢无知的老太婆统治了19世纪的后50年，使中国不能进步，她可算功劳第一。若没有她，锐意求进的光绪皇帝，一定会进行他的维新大计。光绪皇帝，像个剪去翅膀的苍鹰，一直对他这位大权在握的老伯母必恭必敬，百依百顺。愚而妄，其为祸则

22、加倍地强烈。愚蠢再与刚愎携手，则愚蠢倍增。【spoiltcat点评】最后一句实在是经典。“愚蠢无知”来译ignorant，有点过,因为ignorant似乎并无“愚蠢”之意。苍鹰不是一个一个的吧。“必恭必敬”尚可表现出无奈的感觉， “百依百顺”则不可。【spoiltcat改译】那个无知的老太婆在19世纪后半叶统治中国整整50年之久。阻止中国进步的第一大功臣，当真非她莫属。若不是她，锐意进取的光绪皇帝，一定能推行他的维新大计。然而自始至终，光绪都慑服于他这位伯母的淫威之下，如一只剪去翅膀的苍鹰。无知而刚愎，其为祸则倍增。愚蠢与顽固携手，便是愚不可耐。2. All of these discipli

23、nes have changed so much in recent years that I cannot image people climbing over departmental walls and specialty boards so easily. On the other hand, I do envision a time ahead when the clinical science will come to share the same ground in their base of knowledge.原译：所有这些学科在近年来变化如此之大，我真难以想象我们何以能够容

24、易地跨越科学的高墙和不同的专业舞台。但是，我确能预见，有朝一日名临床学科能在其知识基础上共享一席。【spoiltcat点评】此译妙在“共享一席”。 “如此之大”， 句子有欧化之嫌。“何以能够”，似乎含有“已经跨越，只是原因未知”的意思，而原文中是否定性的预见， 觉得这种跨越不太可能。要“跨越”“高墙”恐怕确实非一般人所能， 且“跨越”与“舞台”搭配也有些勉强。【spoiltcat改译】所有这些学科在近年发生了深刻的变化，能否轻易翻越科学的高墙和不同的专业舞台，我着实难以想象。但是，我确能预见，有朝一日各临床学科能在其知识基础上共享一席。PS：这段话是从一篇关于医学的文章里选出来的，所以“临床学

25、科”似乎可以接受。3. The stage of mental comfort to which they had arrived at this hour was one wherein their souls expanded beyond their skins, and spread their personalities warmly through the room. (from Tess of the Durberveilles)张谷若先生的译文：他们那时所达到的欢畅阶段是：神游身外，脱却形骸，满眼生花，满室生春。【spoiltcat点评】“神游身外，脱却形骸，满眼生花，满室生春

26、”堪称神来之笔。“所达到的欢畅阶段”令人费解。【spoiltcat改译】彼时彼刻，他们心情欢畅，简直是神游身外，脱却形骸，满眼生花，满室生春。4. I lost myself in the authors world. And when finally I put it down, my mind was totally refreshed.原译：我完全沉浸在作者笔下的世界里，不得自知身在何处了。最后放下书来时，我倦意全消，身心为之一爽。【spoiltcat点评】译者用笔精妙，实在不容我不折服。粗读之下，本觉“我完全沉浸在作者笔下的世界里，不得自知身在何处了”用24个字来译原文“I lost

27、myself in the authors world”区区7个字，罗嗦太甚，想加修改，却无从动笔。佩服。5. Illness brought her a strange restlessness and made her all the more eager to cling to life and squeeze from it the last drop of happiness. It made her envy health, but it also made her sentimental over a leaf that the wind had blown into her r

28、oom.原译：这种病使她特别敏感不安，她越发急切于抓住人生不放，似乎是要把人生的甜蜜幸福挤到最后的一滴而后已。这病使她多么羡慕人家的健康，也使她多愁善感，见一叶飘零，随风入室，便愁绪满怀，无以自解。【spoiltcat点评】“见一叶飘零，随风入室，便愁绪满怀，无以自解”译笔绝佳。【spoiltcat改译】说来也怪，缠绵病榻，使她特别焦躁不安，她越发急切地抓住人生不放，欲将人生的幸福榨到最后一滴而后已。这病使她无比艳羡人家的健康，也使她多愁善感，见一叶飘零，随风入室，便愁绪满怀，无以自解。6. That tiny catch in my old friends voice dissolved w

29、hatever stood between me and my sorrow. My torrents of grief were unleashed.原译：我的老朋友的说话声微微哽塞却让我的心堤决口了，悲哀的大潮汹涌奔腾而来。【spoiltcat点评】此译妙在对介词between的处理。“我的”二字多余，去掉。原文似乎并无转折之意。【spoiltcat改译】老朋友的声音微微哽塞，却让我的心堤决口了，悲哀的大潮汹涌奔腾而来。7. For those who do not know it, happiness is a problem, and for those who do know it,

30、 happiness is a mystery.在未得安乐的人，求之而不可得，在已得安乐之人，又不知其来之所自。【spoiltcat点评】英文是林语堂在译作Six Chapters of a Floating Life （浮生六记的Preface中关于幸福的妙语。汉语同样出自林的手笔，虽非严格的对译，但同样精彩。8. Bright red costumes, with hats, shoes, and stockings to match, are to be all the craze in the Spring. Smart women will have to be careful no

31、t to yawn in the streets in case some shortsighted person is on his way to post a letter.原译：鲜红的时装，再配上与之相配的帽子、鞋子和袜子，是春日的时髦打扮。可是聪明的女子得小心一点，别在街头打哈欠，以防目光近视者正在去邮寄信件。【spoiltcat点评】原文幽默可喜，译文却多有谬误。Smart women译为“聪明的女子”不合逻辑，难道不聪明的女子就不用小心了吗？其实smart除了有“聪明”的意思之外，还有“漂亮的，时髦的”等意。“目光近视者”是赘言，“近视”本身就是指眼睛不好使啊，好像没有听说过手脚近

32、视的吧。当然也有“思想近视”，不过那只是引申的说法。on his way译成“正在去”，也是憨直得可爱。【spoiltcat改译】鲜红的衣服，加上配套的帽子和鞋袜，是春日的流行装束。不过时髦女郎们可得小心一点，别在街头打哈欠，要是碰上近视眼准备寄信就大事不妙了。9. I am never at a loss for a word; Pitt is never at a loss for the word.我总可以滔滔不绝，而皮特却总是字字珠玑。【spoiltcat点评】说这句话的是英国18世纪大演说家Charles James Fox， 但他认为其对手William Pitt比他更出色。“滔滔不绝”与“字字珠玑”对比来译“a word”和“th