动词短语.docx

1、动词短语动词短语 afford sth. (买得起某物) 【提示】afford 后面还可以接不定式,构成afford to do sth. 结构,意为“有足够的钱、能力、时间做某事”。例如: He can afford this computer. 他买得起这台电脑。 I cant afford to go on a trip this year. 今年我没有足够的钱去旅行。 ask sb. sth. (询问某人某事) 【提示】ask也常用于ask sb. to do sth. 结构中,表示“让某人做某事”。例如: May I ask you a question? 我能问你一个问题吗? Je

2、nny asks me to help her with her Chinese. 詹尼让我帮她学汉语。 do homework(做作业) 【提示】“做作业”还可以用do ones homework 来表示。另外homework是不可数名词,不能加-s。例如: The boys hate doing homework on Sundays. 男孩们讨厌在星期天做家庭作业。 They are doing their homework.他们在做作业。 get to(到达 ) 【提示】get to后接地点,如果接here, there, home等副词,则to省略。例如: We got to Lon

3、don at 7 oclock. 我们7点钟到达了伦敦。 They always get to school on time. 他们总是准时到校。 My mother often gets home at nine. 我妈妈经常9点钟到家。 go to a movie(去看电影) 【提示】1. “去看电影”还可以用go to the movies表示。2. go to + 名词,意思是“去”。例如: go to school 去上学 go to bed 上床睡觉 My brother wants to go to a movie. 我弟弟想去看电影。 have a look at (看一看)

4、【提示】此短语中look用作名词,look还可用作动词,指看的动作。例如: Let me have a look at the family photo. 让我看一看这张全家福。 Look at the blackboard, please. 请看黑板。 join a club(参加一个俱乐部) 【提示】join意为“参加(某组织)”,还可接代词,表示“加入到(某个群体)中去”。例如: I want to join an art club. 我想参加一个艺术俱乐部。 You must join us for lunch. 你一定要和我们一起吃午饭。 let sb. do sth. (让某人做某

5、事) 【提示】“Let.”是常见的祈使句句型,用于征求意见或提出建议。例如: Let her do it again! 让她再做一遍吧! play soccer (踢足球) 【提示】play和球类名词(如足球、篮球、排球、网球、乒乓球等)、棋类名词连用时,名词前不加冠词。play和乐器名词(如钢琴、鼓、喇叭、小提琴、吉他等)连用时,名词前必须加定冠词。例如: Lets play soccer together. 我们一起踢足球吧。 Can you play the violin? 你会拉小提琴吗? tell about(告诉关于的事) 【提示】tell还常用于tell sb. sth. 或 t

6、ell sth. to sb. 结构中。例如: Tell me about your school. 告诉我关于你们学校的事。 Tell me your full name. 告诉我你的全名。 Please tell the answer to us. 请把答案告诉我们。 watch TV(看电视) 【提示】watch指全神贯注地“观看”,除看电视外,还指看戏剧、比赛、表演等。例如: You can stay at home and watch TV. 你可以呆在家里看电视。 名词短语 year(s) old( 岁时) 【提示】year(s) old 常用于 “+数词+year(s) old”

7、结构,用来回答对年龄的提问。例如: How old is your father? My father is forty years old. 你父亲多大岁数了? 我父亲四十岁。 其它短语 a little(少许;少量) 【提示】a little接名词时,后跟不可数名词。例如: There is a little water in the glass. 杯子里有一点水。 How much money do you have? A little. 你有多少钱? 一点点。 how much(多少钱) 【提示】how much除用于询问价格外,还可用来询问数量,意思是“多少”,它被用来询问的是不可数

8、的物品的数量。例如: How much is this jacket? Its thirty dollars. 这件夹克衫多少钱? 30美元。 How much broccoli do we need? 我们需要多少花椰菜? how many也可用来询问数量,但它询问的是可数物品的数量,意思是“多少个/支/位”。例如: How many pencils do you have? 你有多少支铅笔? 【巩固练习】 一、从方框中选择适当的短语将句子补充完整,每个限用一次。 how much, go to a movie, years old, let him, do homework 1. Do y

9、ou want to _? No, its too boring. 2. How can you _ do that? 3. The teacher asks her students to _. 4.How old is your brother? He is 18 _. 5._ is the black and white sweater? Eleven dollars. 二、选择适当的短语,完成下面的对话。 how about, how much, play chess, play the drums, have a look at, here you are A: Excuse me,

10、 may I 1 your sports shirt? B: Yes, 2. A: Oh, I like the color. 3 is it? B: Its ten dollars. A: Hmm. Its cheap and nice. Do you like playing volleyball? B: No, I dont likeplaying volleyball. I like to4 in my free time, so I join the chess club. A: Me, too. 5 you, Salina? Whats your hobby? C: I like

11、drums and I often 6 . A: Oh, that sounds fun. 三、根据汉语提示,用适当的短语完成下面的句子。 1. 没有什么人出得起你的价钱。 Few people can _your _. 2. 你能说点儿汉语吗? Can you speak _ Chinese? 3. 你能告诉我关于你家乡的事吗? Can you _ your hometown? 4. 她每天七点钟到学校。 She _ school at seven. Key: 一、1. go to a movie2. let him 3. do homework4. years old 5. How muc

12、h 二、1. have a look at2. here you are3. How much4. play chess5. How about6. play the drums 三、1. afford, price2. a little3. tell me about4. gets to 非谓语动词(Non-restrictive Verbs),即to do 不定式,分词(doing和done)和动名词(doing)既是高中英语语法教学的重点,也是很多学生平时学习中感到难掌握却“不得不”面对的难点,更是近年来考试的热点。因此,掌握这一部分内容的做题技巧和步骤,对于学好英语非常重要。关于非谓语

13、动词的三种形式以及在句中所作的成分各种参考书中均有讲解,在此不多说。本文只就宏观方面,从战略角度向同学们介绍做此类题的着眼点以及相应步骤。 一、 判定 关于非谓语动词,首先要确定这道题的考点是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,而要明确这一点,就要知道两者之间的区别。这还得回头从英语句子成份说起。语句子组成来看,除了一些特殊的句子如感叹句等,每个句子都必须有主语、谓语两大成份。谓语是用来解释、说明主语的特点、状态和动作。用来作为谓语的动词,叫“谓语动词”,就是我们所熟知的动词的时态,语态和语气。谓语动词每个句子只可使用一个,若再使用谓语动词就只能出现在由并列连词来连接或从属连词来引导的各种从句中。但是,一

14、个句子中除了谓语动词外,还有动词的使用,这些动词就要转换成非谓语动词形式。在考查这一点时多考查and的用法,增加题的难度。 As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not_,and asked myself what I was going to do. A.moved B.moving C.to moveD.being moved 解析:此题很容易让考生理解成A,B and C结构,三个谓语动词连用,而错误选择A选项。我们可这样来理解,假设是此结构,not moved 部分应为谓语动词其正确形式应该为didnt move,所以A选项错误。

15、因此,此处应该是谓语动词stood的伴随状语,与主句主语I构成主动,所以用现在分词来表示。因此,此题答案为B。 二、 判断句子所缺成分以确准用相应非谓语动词 学习非谓语动词不应该首先将注意力放在非谓语动词的不同形式的区别上,我们必须了解句子的不同成分对非谓语动词种类和形式的要求和使用是不同的。要学好非谓语动词,其关键要从非谓语动词担当不同成分入手,确认可以使用哪种非谓语动词,然后再对可使用范围内的不同形式进行对比分析,正确答案自然会浮出水面。在这一阶段,也要考虑两步。首先要判断非谓语在句中所做成分,其次再考察不同非谓语动词做相同成分时的区别。in the countryside made Mr

16、 Wilson very hardworking when he was still young。 A.Bringing up B.Being brought up C.Having brought upD.Brought up 解析:此题考察的即是非谓语动词做主语done形式不符合作主语的条件,所以排除D。然后,再根据bring up与Mr. Wilson之间的主被动关系来判断,得知应为被动形式,所以最后答案为B。三、 主语一致 非谓语动词是由动词变化而来的,具有动词的一些特征,动词最显著的特征就是有其主语,非谓语动词也有主语,所以我们要在句子中体现非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的这种主谓(主动)

17、或者动宾(被动)关系。在这一步骤中,其关键是找对非谓语动词的逻辑主语。非谓语动词分词做表语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语;非谓语动词做定语,其逻辑主语是其前被修饰的词;做宾补,其逻辑主语是其前的宾语;做状语,其逻辑主语是主句的主语。 _not to miss the flight at 15:20 ,the manager got out of the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remindD.Having reminded (09福建卷)解析:此题根据这一个步骤,由主语一致可知应为被动形式,因此答案B。(其它形式为主动)

18、四、 时态以及其复合结构 非谓语动词的最后一步为判断其时态或复合结构,即非谓语动词的时态以及它的逻辑主语。只不过我们需要注意的是,非谓语动词的时态只考查两个动词所表示的动作发生的时间先后关系,与谓语动词的时态不能混淆。非谓语动词的一般时多表示一种事实或状态;进行时表示两个动作同时发生;完成时表示非谓语动词发生在谓语动词之前。 In April,2009,President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao,_the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. (09福建卷)A. marking B.

19、 marked C. having marked D. being marked 解析:根据第三步主语一致,此题中mark的主语应为前面的President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao一句话,与mark构成主动关系,排除BD选项。AC选项考查时间先后关系,此题中mark绝不可能发生在inspect动作之前,因此C项错误。所以答案为A。一般说来,当非谓语动词短语不能以主句中的某一个名词或代词做它们的主语时,要带上一个自己的主语,这时形成非谓语动词复合结构。不定式的复合结构for/ of sb/ sth+to do sth.动名词的复合结构为物主代词/

20、sbs doing sth,如果在句中做宾语,还可用名词的普通格和人称代词的宾格来动名词的逻辑主语,其结构为:宾格/sb doing sth.:I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.;分词的复合结构即独立主格结构为:主格词(代词主格或名词)+分词:The children went home from the school,their lessons finished for the day. _ the same mistakes again made his parents very angry. A. H

21、is having made B. He has made C. He had making D Him making 解析:此题考察动名词的复合结构sbs doing sth. 作主语。D选项在句中只能作宾语;B选项要想正确则需构成主语从句要用that引导不可以省略,而且时态也不正确;因此答案为A。 综上所述,非谓语动词并不是同学们所想像的那么难以攻克,在实际操作时我们根据选项有可能只需用到其中的一到两个步骤就能找到正确答案,所以它只是只纸老虎,只要我们冷静头脑,严格按照上面讲到的步骤去走的话,我相信我们会有好的收获的! 定语从句练习测试题1.I know the boy. The boy

22、can speak English well. I know the boy _ can speak English well.2.I have a friend. His father is a teacher. I have a friend _ father is a teacher.3. I cant find the house. My friend lives in it. I cant find the house _my friend lives in.OR: I cant find the house _ my friend lives.I. 定语从句的分类：1. In th

23、eir class there are fifteen students who can speak English well.2. In their class there are fifteen students, who can speak English well.3. She has two sons who are P.L.A. men.4. She has two sons, who are P.L.A. men.II. 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别：1、限定性定语从句必须和主句紧紧连在一起，不可分开；非限定性定语从句一般用逗号与主句隔开。2、限定性定语从句的关系代词做

24、宾语时，有时可以省略，而非限定性定语从句的关系代词不可以省略。eg: This is the girl (whom) I met yesterday. She sang a song, which we liked very much.3、非限定性定语从句中的关系代词可以代表一个单词、词组或整个句子。My brother lives in zhongshan, which is only two hours drive from here.The English party , which was held in our school, was good.He lost his bike, w

25、hich made him unhappy.III. 定语从句的基本结构：先行词+ 关系词 + 从句关系代词有：who whom that whose which 关系副词有： when where whyIV. 修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分?使用that的情况：1、当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。eg. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?2、当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。 eg.

26、 I have some books that are very good.3、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。 eg. This is the first book that I bought myself. The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.4、当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。 eg. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.5、当先行词又有人又有物时。 eg. I wont forget the things a

27、nd the persons that I saw.只能使用which的情况。1、非限制性定语从句中。 eg. Mary has a book, which is very precious.2、在介词之后。 eg. This is a house in which lives an old man.3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。 eg. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns (which / that).1. This

28、 is the only book _ I got last year. 2. Is this the book in _ you are interested?3. This is the largest animal _ Tom saw in the zoo.4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers_ exist (存在)in the mother school.5. All the desks _ are bought look really wonderful. 6. Do you have any money _is used to

29、 build the factory?7. Tom has a toy, _ was given by his father. 8. This is the second watch _ my father bought for me. V. 修饰人时关系代词that 和who, whom的区分。? 先行词是one, ones, anyone, those时，宜用who; ? 在There be开头的句字中，宜用 who；? 先行词指人，且关系代词前有介词时，只用whom; She is the girl with whom I went there.whose是代词的所有格，可指人也可指物。

30、 I saw a woman whose hag was stolen. Please show me the book whose cover is red.Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns (who / that).1. Look at that lady _ name is Polly. A. who B. whose C. that2. The girl _ could sing well went to Europe. A. who B. whose C. whom3. Tom is the first boy _ left the room. A. who B. that C. which4. Th