英语综合考研李观仪《新编英语教程》考研资料.docx

1、英语综合考研李观仪新编英语教程考研资料英语综合考研李观仪新编英语教程考研资料一、一、单元语法本单元主要涉及一般现在时、现在完成时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，由“助动词be过去分词”构成，表达“被、受、由”之意。一般用于以下几种情况：（1）不知道谁是动作的执行者It is found that Tom was murdered.有人发现汤姆被谋杀了。（2）没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者Fresh fruit is sold in this market.这个市场出售新鲜水果。（3）强调动作的承受者“A Tale of Two Cities” was writ

2、ten by Dickens.双城记的作者是狄更斯。（4）有些情况如公告、通知、报纸标题等，有时用被动语态（被动结构）更适宜。No books are to be taken out of the reading room.书籍不得带出阅览室。现以动词do为例，列出上述四种时态的被动语态：（1）一般现在时：is / am / are + doneHow is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音？（2）现在完成时：have / has + been doneAll the work has been finished.所有工作都已完成了。（3）一般过去时：was / w

3、ere + doneShe was asked to sing a song.大家要求她唱首歌。（4）一般将来时：will / shall + be done或is / am / are going to + be doneSome of you will be sent to America for further training.你们中有些人将被送到美国接受进一步的培训。The trees are going to be planted in this area.这些树将被种植在这个区域。 二、一、单元语法本单元主要涉及复合动词的被动语态。所谓复合动词，也就是谓语部分有多个表动作意味的词

4、。本单元涉及到情态动词被动语态和一般动词被动语态。情态动词被动结构为：should/ could + be done，例：More time should be given to this issue.应该在这个问题上多花些时间。此外，还应注意被动语态的各种时态，如一般将来时will/shall bedone；过去将来时would bedone；现在进行时is/are being done；过去进行时was/were beingdone；现在完成时has/have beendone；过去完成时had beendone；将来完成时will/shall have beendone，例：Will w

5、e be asked to attend the opening ceremony?我们会被邀请参加开幕式吗？（一般将来时）The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.消息一到，就会被传到士兵的母亲那儿去。（过去将来时）The building is being built now.那座大楼现在正在被建造。（现在进行时）Supper was being prepared when I arrived home.我到家时，晚饭正在准备。（过去进行时）Swift progress has also been

6、 made in culture and education.文化和教育方面已取得了很大进展。（现在完成时）The bridge had been damaged before the World War.这座桥在二战前就已经毁坏了。（过去完成时）The book will have been finished by the end of next month.这本书下月末就能完成了。（将来完成时）二、词汇短语Language structures1handicap5hAndikApn.a physical or mental disability身心的缺陷【扩展】handicappedadj

7、.残疾的，弱智的2scratchy5skrAtFiadj.making a harsh, scratching noise发刮擦声的：a scratchy record有沙沙声的唱片3magneticmA5netikadj.concerning or produced by magnetism磁的，有磁性的：magnetic head磁头4jaywalk5dVeiwC:kvi.to cross a street illegally or in a reckless manner不遵守交通规则乱穿马路5pedestrianpe5destriEnn.a person traveling on fo

8、ot; a walker行人，步行者6zebra crossing 斑马线a place marked with black and white lines where people who are walking can cross a road safely7conscientious7kCnFi5enFEsadj.a) (of people or conduct) careful to do what one ought to do, and do it as well as one can（指人或行为）认真的，尽责的：a conscientious worker勤勤恳恳的工作人员；b)

9、 (of actions) done with great care and attention（指行动）小心谨慎的：This essay is a most conscious piece of work.这篇论文是精雕细刻的工作。8hoarsehC:sadj.rough or grating in sound嘶哑的：a hoarse cry嘶哑的喊叫9shabby5FAbiadj.showing signs of wear and tear; threadbare or worn-out破旧的，褴褛的：be shabby in dress衣衫褴褛10brochurebrEu5FjuEn.a

10、 small booklet or pamphlet小册子11sewage5sju(:)idVn.liquid and solid waste carried off in sewers or drains下水道的污物12renovate5renEuveitvt.restore (esp. old buildings) to good condition修复（尤指旧建筑物），整修：The house has been renovated three years earlier.这所房子三年前就已翻新。13map out筹划或安排某事make a plan to do sth.：I like t

11、o map out the whole week in advance.我喜欢事先把一周的时间详细计划好。Dialogue1representative7repri5zentEtivadj.typical of a particular group or thing典型的，有代表性的；n. someone who has been chosen to speak, vote, or make decisions for someone else代表：sales representative销售代表；union representative工会代表2city-state （古希腊的）城邦an i

12、ndependent state that consists of a city and the surrounding country area, especially in the past3feature5fi:tFEv.to include or show something as a special or important part of something包含（作为主要部分或特点），以为特色：The newspaper featured the story of the event.这份报纸特别报道了那个事件。4combat5kCmbEtn.fighting, especiall

13、y during a war战斗，格斗；vt. to try to stop something bad from happening or getting worse抗击，防止：combat crime防止犯罪；combat terrorism与恐怖主义作斗争5chariot5tFAriEtn.an ancient horse-drawn two-wheeled vehicle used in war, races, and processions.战车6shroudFraudn.something that hides or covers something隐蔽物：under a shro

14、ud of fog在迷雾的掩护下；vt. to cover or hide something遮蔽，隐藏：The incident has always been shrouded in mystery.那起事故的真相还不清楚。7mythmiWn.an ancient story, especially one invented in order to explain natural or historical events神话，虚构的故事8progenitorprE5dVenitEn.someone who first thought of an idea先驱；创始人9abolishE5bC

15、liFvt.to officially end a law, system etc, especially one that has existed for a long time废止，废除（法律、制度、习俗等）：These superstitious practices should be abolished as soon as possible.这些迷信做法应尽早废除。10reviveri5vaivvt.to bring something back after it has not been used or has not existed for a period of time使复兴

16、，使恢复：revive the economy 使经济复苏；revive the old customs恢复古老的习俗11persistpE(:)5sistv.to continue to do something, although this is difficult, or other people oppose it坚持，持续：persist in learning English / the study of English坚持学习英语；persist with sth. 继续努力做某事12oversee5EuvE5si:v.to watch somebody/something an

17、d make sure that a job or an activity is done correctly监督：oversee the implementation of the resolution监督决议的执行Reading I1rugby5rQbIn.an outdoor game played by two teams with an egg-shaped ball that you kick or carry橄榄球2tremendoustri5mendEsadj.extremely large in amount, extent, or degree; enormous巨大的，极

18、大的3enthusiasmin5Wju:ziAzEmn.great excitement for or interest in a subject or cause热情，狂热，积极性：His enthusiasm breathed new life into the company.他的热情给公司注入了新的生命。4intercollegiate7intE(:)kE5li:dViitadj.involving or representing two or more colleges院际的5luxuriouslQ5zjuEriEsadj.supplied with luxuries, very c

19、omfortable奢侈的，极舒适的：live in luxurious surroundings生活在奢侈的环境中6severesi5viEadj.intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality严重的，剧烈的：His costly mistake resulted in severe loss.他的严重的错误导致了重大的损失。7tremor5tremEn.a shaking or vibrating movement震动，颤动：There was a slight tremor in his voice.他的声音有点

20、颤抖。8opponentE5pEunEntn.one that opposes another or others in a battle, contest, controversy, or debate对手，反对者：He beat his opponent in the election.他在选举中击败了对手。9reputation7repju(:)5teiFEnn.the general estimation in which a person is held by the public.名声，声誉10hurlhE:lv.to send with great vigor; thrust用力

21、送出，猛推: The young track and field athlete could already hurl the discus 60 yards. 这个年轻的田径运动员已能把铁饼掷60码远。11fiercelyfIEslIadv.in a fierce manner猛烈地，厉害地：The storm blew fiercely over land and sea.暴风雨猛烈地吹过陆地和海面。12visor5vaizEn.moving part of a helmet, used to cover and protect the face面甲，面罩13padpAdv.to line

22、 or stuff with soft material垫以软物14naked5neikidadj.a) without clothes on裸体的；b) without the usual covering没有通常的遮盖物的：a naked light无灯罩的电灯；c) not disguising无隐蔽的，无掩饰的：the naked truth赤裸裸的现实15jersey5dV:zIn.a shirt made of soft material, worn by players of sports运动衫16tackle5tAklv.seize and throw down an oppo

23、nent player, who usually carries the ball擒住，扭倒17be addicted to成为习惯而离不开，对有瘾：Shes addicted to video games, which makes her mother angry at times.她沉迷于电视游戏机，有时会让他妈妈生气。18crazekreizn.a short-lived popular fashion; a fad短暂的时尚，流行一时的狂热：Is this interest in health foods just a passing craze?这股健康食品热潮是否转瞬即逝？19wh

24、oleheartedlyhEul5hB:tidliadv.without reserve; without reservation 全心全意地：As a party member one must serve the people wholeheartedly.作为一个党员，应该全心全意为人民服务。20the offside rules illegally ahead of the ball（足球）越位规则21brilliantly5briljEntliadj.in an extremely intelligent way辉煌地，灿烂地：Her article brilliantly demo

25、lishes his argument.她的文章精辟地批驳了他的论点。Reading1candy bar a long, thin, sweet food, usually covered in chocolate（通常裹以巧克力的长条状）糖块；糖棒2markedlymB:kidliadv.in a clearly noticeable manner显著地，明显地：markedly different显著不同；increased markedly明显增加3compensate5kCmpEnseitv.to offset; counterbalance抵消；弥补：Nothing can comp

26、ensate for the loss of time.虚度光阴是无法补偿的。4furious5fjuEriEsadj.Full of extreme anger狂怒的，极为激烈的：be furious with sb. 对某人大发雷霆；be furious at sth. 因某事狂怒不已【扩展】fury n.狂怒，狂暴5readily5rediliadv.in a cooperative manner; willingly乐意地，欣然：I asked her if she would allow me to interview her, and she readily agreed.我问她是

27、否允许我采访她，她欣然同意了。6defaultdi5fC:ltv.to fail to pay money that you owe at the right time拖欠（金钱）；to not do something that you are supposed to do, especially that you are legally supposed to do不履行（义务）：The player default in the tournament because of her injury.在这次循环赛中，这位运动员由于受伤而弃权。7remedy5remidin.a medicine

28、 to cure an illness or pain that is not very serious药物，治疗法：a good remedy for a cold治疗感冒的良药；vt.to deal with a problem or improve a bad situation补救，纠正：remedy a mistake纠正一个错误8ineptitudei5neptitju:dn.lack of skill不称职；笨拙：He was finally fired after a year of ineptitude. 他不称职地工作一年后终于被解雇了。9initiatei5niFieit

29、vt.to set going by taking the first step; begin:开始，发起：initiate a reform开始改革；initiate a new course of studies开设一门新课程；initiate a discussion on economics发起一次关于经济学的讨论10diagnosis7daiE5nEusisn.the process of discovering exactly what is wrong with someone or something诊断【扩展】diagnosevi.诊断；判断11predominatepri5

30、dCmineitvi.to be greater in amount or number than sth./sb. else（在数量上）占优势：In older age groups women predominate because men tend to die younger.在年龄较大的人群中，女性占多数，因为男性的寿命倾向于短些。12intramural7intrE5mjuErEladj.existing or carried on within the bounds of an institution, especially a school校内的；内部的：intramural

31、sports校内体育运动13incompetentin5kCmpitEntadj.not having the ability or skill to do a job properly不合格的，不胜任的：an incompetent candidate不合格的候选人14sideline5saidlainn.a line along either of the two sides of a playing court or field, marking its limits边界线；an activity pursued in addition to ones regular occupation.副业，兼职15allegedlyE5ledVIdlIadv.used when reporting something that people say is true, although it has not been proved据称；据说如此：The traffic accident was allegedly due to n