初中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习.docx

1、初中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习初中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如： If time permits, well go fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。 如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如： If you had come yest

2、erday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。1.含有条件状语从句的复合句wish（wouldrather）+宾语从句suggest（）+宾语从句2.主语从句Itis+adj./p.p/n.+that+S+(should)+do表语从句S+isthat+s+(should)+do同位语从句S+that+s+(should)+do3.定语从句Itis(high)timetha

3、t+S+did用过去式表现在情况1.时态后退型用过去完成式表过去两种形式用过去将来表将来2.should+动词原形型内容详述I.含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)时间条件状语从句主句与现在事实相反的假设If+S+didS+would/should/could/might+do与过去事实相反的假设If+S+haddoneS+would/should/could/might+havedone与将来事实相反的假设didIf+SshoulddoweretodoS+would/should/could/might+do注意事项：1倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had，should，were

4、时，可以省去If，把功能词提前，构成倒装句。2错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。3Iftherewerent/hadnotbeen+=without4Ifitwerenotfor/Ifithadntbeenfor=butfor5otherwise+虚拟语气的句子6虚拟语气的句子，but+陈述事实的句子II.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中sb.did(希望现在用过去式)1.wish+thatsb.haddone（希望过去用过去完成式）sb.would/shoulddo（希望将来用过去将来）2.wouldrather后的从句要用虚拟语气。时间从句虚拟现在were

5、,did(动词一般过去式)虚拟过去haddone虚拟将来did(动词一般过去式)例：IwouldratherIhadntsaidsuchunkindthingstoyou.（虚拟过去） Idratheryoucameherefortheanswertomorrowmorning.（虚拟将来）Idratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.(虚拟现在)3.suggest+（that）S+should+do表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句，谓语用should动词原形，should常常省略。这类词有：decide，demand，desire，insist，o

6、rder，propose，suggest，recommend，requested，require等。注意：1.suggest当“建议”讲时，其宾语从句用虚拟语气；当“暗示、表明”时，用陈述语气2.insist当坚持“看法或建议”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气；当坚持“某个事实”时，用陈述语气。判断改错：（错）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyou（should）beill.（对）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.（错）Iinsistedthatyou（should）bewrong.（对）Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.III.虚拟语

7、气用在主语从Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should加动词原形，should可省略。Itis可用的词有三类that（should）dosuggested,ordered,required,proposed,demanded,requested,insisted等important,necessary,natural,imperative,strange等apity,ashame,nowonder等IV虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should)动词原形。

8、这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal（提议），order，demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation（推荐），plan，resolution（决议），idea等。eg.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion(should)beputoffV虚拟语气用在表语从句中。某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，表语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should)动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order，demand

9、，desire，request，requirement，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。eg.Mysuggestionisthatthemayor(should)presenttheprizes.VI虚拟语气用在定语从句中Itis（abouthigh）timethatsb.didsth/shoulddosth.eg.Dontyouthinkitsabouttimewewenthome？注：在thisisthefirsttimesecondtimethat句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。eg.Isthisthefirsttimethatyou

10、havevisitedHongkong？VII.虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中1在带有evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如:Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.即使生了病，他俩去办公室。2由asif或asthough引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had十过去分词”。如:HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。Shetalkedab

11、outthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。3虚拟语气用在lest（唯恐、免得），forfearthat及incase引导的目的状语从句中。在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由should动词原形构成，should也可省略。eg.HewaspunishedlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagainVIII虚拟语气用情感语言中1虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中，使用虚拟语气。eg.Youshouldnthavebeenfollowinghimsocl

12、osely；youshouldhavekeptyourdistance2Ifonlysb./sth.+时态后退型的谓语eg.IfonlyIhadknowntheresultoftheexamination.IX.虚拟语气的特殊用法： 1. 省掉if的条件从句结构： Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,) 2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如： A true friend would not do such a thing. (=If he were a tr

13、ue friend, he would.) 3.有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如： If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now. If I were you, I would have gone home. 虚拟语气练习题：1.Ifyouwereoldenough,I_youtogothereyesterday. A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed2.Thesecretarysuggestedtha

14、tthey_themeninatonce. A.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.broughtD.bring3._Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty. A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were4.Itisstrangethatsuchathing_inyourclass. A.willhappenB.happensC.shouldhappenD.happened5.HowIwishI_torepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse. A.hadtriedB.hadnttriedC.havetriedD.

15、didnttry6.Ifhe_totheteacherattentively,he_theanswertotheproblemnow. A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknow C.listened,wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknow7.Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI_yourbirthdayparty. A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended8.IfonlyI_howtooperateanelectr

16、oniccomputerasyoudo. A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknowD.knew9.Thetwostrangerstalksasifthey_friendsforyears. A.wereB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen10.Itishightimewe_upourresults. A.sumB.summedC.willsumD.wouldsum11ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn_nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehadborrowed

17、. A.willtakeB.tookC.takeD.takes12.Butfortheguidanceofourinstructor(导师),we_intheexperiment. A.shouldntsucceedB.couldnothavesucceeded C.willnotsucceedD.shouldnothavesucceeded13.Itsabouttimepeople_noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar. A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake14.Shecouldnthaveansweredthequestionifs

18、he_afewbooksonworldhistory. A.hadntreadB.hasntreadC.wouldntreadD.didntread15.Isntitabouttimethatyou_topickupthevisitorsfromNewYork? A.hadgoneB.shouldgoC.goD.willgo16.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_freeimmediately.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbeset17.Youradvicethat

19、_tillnextweekisreasonable. A.shewaitsB.shewaitC.waitsheD.shewaited18.Itwasessentialthatwe_lease（条约、合同）beforetheendofthemonth. A.signB.signedC.hadsignedD.weresigning19.IwishthatI_withyoulastnight. A.wentB.havegoneC.couldgoD.couldhavegone20.HespeaksChinesesofluentlyasifhe_aChinese. A.wereB.hadbeenC.is

20、D.hasbeen21.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughheawayforages. A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hadbeen22.ItisimportantthattheTOEFL_officeyourregistration. A.willconfirmB.confirmC.confirmsD.mustconfirm23.IfIhadseenthemovie,I_youallaboutitnow. A.wouldtellB.willtellC.havetoldD.wouldhavetold24.IhadhopedthatJohn_ayear

21、inAfrica,buthestayedthereonlyforthreemonths. A.spendsB.spentC.wouldspendD.willspend25.Idratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing. A.doB.didntdoC.dontD.didnt26.Everybodyhasarrived.Itstimewetheclass. A.shallstartB.wouldstartC.hadstartedD.shouldstart27.theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlast

22、Sunday A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor28.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater，itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken29.Shecouldnthaveansweredthequestionifshe_afewbooksonworldhistory. A.hadntreadB.hasntreadC.wouldntreadD.didntread30.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soit

23、seemsasifthesun_roundtheearth.A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling31._thefog,weshouldhavereachedourdestination.A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor32.Butfortheguidanceofourinstructor(导师),we_intheexperiment.A.shouldntsucceedB.couldnothavesucceedC.willnotsucceedD.shouldnothavesucceeded33.TheLawrequiresthateveryone_hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.hasB.hadCwillhaveD.have34.Irecommendedthatthestudent_hiscompositionassoonaspossible.A.finishingwritingB.shouldfinishthewritingC.