遗传育种相关名词中英文对照.docx

1、遗传育种相关名词中英文对照中英文对照的分子育种相关名词3untranslated region (3UTR) 3非翻译区5untranslated region (5; UTR) 5非翻译区A chromosome A 染色体AATAAA 多腺苷酸化信号aberration 崎变abiogenesis 非生源说accessory chromosome 副染色体accessory nucleus 副核accessory protein 辅助蛋白accident variance 偶然变异Ac-Ds system Ac-Ds 系统acentric chromosome 无着丝粒染色体acentri

2、c fragment 无着丝粒片段acentric ring 无着丝粒环achromatin 非染色质acquired character 获得性状acrocentric chromosome 近端着丝粒染色体acrosyndesis 端部联会activating transcription factor 转录激活因子activator 激活剂activator element 激活单元activator protein( AP)激活蛋白activator-dissociation system Ac-Ds 激活解离系统active chromatin 活性染色质active site 活性部

3、位adaptation 适应adaptive peak 适应高峰adaptive surface 适应面addition 附加物addition haploid 附加单倍体addition line 附加系additive effect 加性效应additive gene 加性基因additive genetic variance 加性遗传方差additive recombination 插人重组 additive resistance 累加抗性adenosine 腺昔adenosine diphosphate (ADP )腺昔二鱗酸 adenosine triphosphate( ATP)腺

4、昔三憐酸 adjacent segregation 相邻分离 A- form DNA A 型 DNA akinetic chromosome 无着丝粒染色体akinetic fragment 无着丝粒片断 alien addition monosomic 外源单体生物 alien chromosome substitution 外源染色体代换 alien species 外源种alien-addition cell hybrid 异源附加细胞杂种alkylating agent 焼化剂allele 等位基因allele center 等位基因中心allele linkage analysis

5、等位基因连锁分析allele specific oligonucleotide(ASO)等位基因特异的寡核苷酸allelic complement 等位（基因）互补allelic diversity 等位（基因）多样化allelic exclusion 等位基因排斥allelic inactivation 等位（基因）失活allelic interaction 等位（基因）相互作用allelic recombination 等位（基因）重组allelic replacement 等位（基因）置换allelic series 等位（基因）系列allelic variation 等位（基因）变异a

6、llelism 等位性allelotype 等位（基因）型allodiploid 异源二倍体allohaploid 异源单倍体allopatric speciation 异域种alloploidy 异源倍性allopolyhaploid 异源多倍单倍体allopolyploid 异源多倍体allosyndesis 异源联会allotetraploid 异源四倍体alloheteroploid 异源异倍体alternation of generation 世代交替alternative transcription 可变转录alternative transcription initiation

7、可变转录起始Alu repetitive sequence, Alu family Alu 重复序列，Alu 家族 ambiguous codon 多义密码子ambisense genome 双义基因组ambisense RNA 双义 RNAaminoacyl-tRNA binding site氨酰基tRNA接合位点aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase 氨酰基tRNA连接酶amixis 无融合 amorph 无效等位基因amphidiploid 双二倍体 amphipolyploid 双多倍体 amplicon 扩增子 amplification 扩增amplification

8、primer 扩增引物analysis of variance 方差分析anaphase (分裂）后期 anaphase bridge (分裂）后期桥 anchor cell 锚状细胞androgamete 雄配子 aneuhaploid 非整倍单倍体 aneuploid 非整倍体animal genetics 动物遗传学annealing 复性antibody 抗体 anticoding strand 反编码链 anticodon 反密码子 anticodon arm 反密码子臂 anticodon loop 反密码子环antiparallel 反向平行 antirepressor 抗阻抑物

9、 antisense RNA 反义 RNA antisense strand 反义链apogamogony 无融合结实apogamy 无配子生殖 apomixis 无融合生殖arm ratio (染色体)臂比artificial gene人工基因artificial selection 人工选择asexual hybridization 无性杂交asexual propagation 无性繁殖asexual reproduction 无性生殖assortative mating 选型交配asynapsis 不联会asynaptic gene 不联会基因 atavism 返祖atelocentr

10、ic chromosome 非端着丝粒染色体attached X chromosome 并连 X 染色体attachment site 附着位点attenuation 衰减attenuator 衰减子autarchic gene 自效基因auto-alloploid 同源异源体autoallopolyploid 同源异源多倍体autobivalent 同源二阶染色体auto-diploid 同源二倍体；自体融合二倍体autodiploidization 同源 二倍化autoduplication 自体复制autogenesis自然发生autogenomatic 同源染色体组autohetero

11、ploidy 同源异倍性autonomous transposable element 自主转座单元autonomously replicating sequence(ARS)自主复制序列autoparthenogenesis 自发单性生殖autopolyhaploid 同源多倍单倍体autopolyploid 同源多倍体autoradiogram 放射自显影图autosyndetic pairing 同源配对autotetraploid 同源四倍体autozygote 同合子auxotroph 营养缺陷体B chromosome B 染色体B1，first backcross generat

12、ion 回交第一代B2，second backcross generation 回交第二代back mutation 回复突变backcross 回交 backcross hybrid 回交杂种backcross parent 回交亲本backcross ratio 回交比率background genotype 背景基因型bacterial artification chromosome( BAC )细菌人工染色体 Bacterial genetics 细菌遗传学Bacteriophage 噬菌体 balanced lethal 平衡致死balanced lethal gene 平衡致死基因

13、balanced linkage 平衡连锁balanced load 平衡负荷 balanced polymorphism 平衡多态现象balanced rearrangements 平衡重组 balanced tertiary trisomic 平衡三级三体 balanced translocation 平衡异位 balancing selection 平衡选择 band analysis 谱带分析banding pattern (染色体)带型 basal transcription apparatus 基础转录装置base analog 碱基类似物 base analogue 类減基 ba

14、se content 减基含量 base exchange 碱基交换base pairing mistake 碱基配对错误base pairing rules 碱基配对法则base substitution 减基置换base transition 减基转换base transversion 减基颠换base-pair region 碱基配对区base-pair substitution 碱基配对替换basic number of chromosome 染色体基数behavioral genetics 行为遗传学behavioral isolation 行为隔离bidirectional rep

15、lication 双向复制bimodal distribution 双峰分布 binary fission 二分裂 binding protein 结合蛋白binding site 结合部位binucleate phase 双核期 biochemical genetics 生化遗传学biochemical mutant 生化突变体 biochemical polymorphism 生化多态性bioethics 生物伦理学biogenesis 生源说 bioinformatics 生物信息学biological diversity 生物多样性biometrical genetics 生物统计遗传

16、学（简称生统遗传学)bisexual reproduction 两性生殖bisexuality 两性现象bivalent 二价体blending inheritance 混合遗传blot transfer apparatus 印迹转移装置blotting membrane 印迹膜bottle neck effect 瓶颈效应branch migration 分支迁移breed variety 品种breeding 育种，培育;繁殖，生育breeding by crossing 杂交育种法breeding by separation 分隔育种法breeding coefficient 繁殖率br

17、eeding habit 繁殖习性breeding migration 生殖回游，繁殖回游breeding period 生殖期breeding place 繁殖地breeding population 繁殖种群breeding potential繁殖能力，育种潜能breeding range 繁殖幅度breeding season 繁殖季节breeding size 繁殖个体数breeding system 繁殖系统breeding true 纯育breeding value 育种值broad heritability 广义遗传率bulk selection 集团选择C0，acentric

18、无着丝粒的Cl,monocentric 单着丝粒C2, dicentric双着丝粒的C3,tricentric 三着丝粒的candidate gene 候选基因candidate-gene approach 候选基因法Canpbenmodel坎贝尔模型 carytype染色体组型，核型catabolite activator protein 分解活化蛋白catabolite repression 分解代谢产物阻遏catastrophism 灾变说cell clone 细胞克隆cell cycle 细胞周期cell determination 细胞决定cell division 细胞分裂cell

19、 division cycle gene(CDC gene) 细胞分裂周期基因ceU division lag细胞分裂延迟cell fate 细胞命运cell fusion 细胞融合cell genetics 细胞的遗传学cell hybridization 细胞杂交cell sorter细胞分类器cell strain 细胞株cell-cell communication 细胞间通信center of variation 变异中心centimorgan(cM) 厘摩central dogma 中心法则central tendency 集中趋势centromere DNA 着丝粒 DNAcen

20、tromere interference 着丝粒干扰centromere 着丝粒centromeric exchange ( CME)着丝粒交换 centromeric inactivation 着丝粒失活centromeric sequence( CEN sequence)中心粒序列character divergence 性状趋异 chemical genetics 化学遗传学 chemigenomics 化学基因组学 chiasma centralization 交叉中化 chiasma terminalization 交叉端化chimera异源嵌合体 Chi-square (x2) t

21、est 卡方检验chondriogene 线粒体基因chorionic villus sampling 绒毛膜取样chromatid abemition染色单体畸变 chromatid break染色单体断裂 chromatid bridge 染色单体桥 chromatid interchange 染色单体互换chromatid interference 染色单体干涉chromatid segregation 染色单体分离 chromatid tetrad 四分染色单体 chromatid translocation 染色单体异位 chromatin agglutination 染色质凝聚 c

22、hromosomal aberration 染色体崎变 chromosomal assignment 染色体定位 chromosomal banding 染色体显带 chromosomal disorder 染色体病 chromosomal elimination 染色体消减chromosomal inheritance 染色体遗传 chromosomal interference 染色体干扰 chromosomal location 染色体定位 chromosomal locus 染色体位点chromosomal mutation 染色体突变 chromosomal pattern 染色体型

23、 chromosomal polymorphism 染色体多态性chromosomal rearrangement 染色体质量排 chromosomal reproduction 染色体增殖 chromosomal RNA 染色体 RNA chromosomal shift 染色体变迁，染色体移位 chromosome aberration 染色体畸变chromosome arm 染色体臂chromosome association 染色体联合 chromosome banding pattern 染色体带型 chromosome behavior 染色体动态 chromosome blott

24、ing 染色体印迹 chromosome breakage 染色体断裂 chromosome bridge 染色体桥chromosome coiling 染色体螺旋chromosome condensation 染色体浓缩 chromosome constriction 染色体缢痕 chromosome cycle 染色体周期 chromosome damage 染色体损伤 chromosome deletion 染色体缺失 chromosome disjunction 染色体分离 chromosome doubling 染色体加倍 chromosome duplication 染色体复制 c

25、hromosome elimination染色体丢失chromosome engineering 染色体工程 chromosome evolution 染色体进化chromosome exchange 染色体交换 chromosome fusion 染色体融合chromosome gap 染色体间隙 chromosome hopping 染色体跳移 chromosome interchange 染色体交换 chromosome interference 染色体干涉 chromosome jumping 染色体跳查 chromosome knob 染色体结chromosome loop 染色体环

26、chromosome lose染色体丢失 chromosome map 染色体图chromosome mapping 染色体作图 chromosome matrix 染色体基质 chromosome mutation染色体突变chromosome non-disjunction染色体不分离chromosome paring染色体配对chromosome polymorphism 染色体多态性chromosome puff染色体疏松chromosome rearrangement染色体质量排chromosome reduplication 染色体再加倍chromosome repeat染色体质量

27、叠chromosome scaffold 染色体支架chromosome segregation 染色体分离chromosome set 染色体组chromosome stickiness染色体粘性 chromosome theory of heredity 染色体遗传学说chromosome theory of inheritance 染色体遗传学说chromosome thread 染色体丝 chromosome walking 染色体步查 chromosome-mediated gene transfer 染色体中介基因转移chromosomology 染色体学CIB method CI

28、B法;性连锁致死突变出现频率检测法circular DNA 环林 DNAcis conformation 顺式构象cis dominance 顺式显性cis-heterogenote顺式杂基因子cis-regulatory element 顺式调节兀件cis-trans test 顺反测验 cladogram 进化树cloning vector 克隆载体C-meiosis C减数分裂 C-metaphase C 中期 C-mitosis C有丝分裂code degeneracy 密码简并coding capacity 编码容量coding ratio 密码比coding recognition

29、 site 密码识别位置coding region 编码区coding sequence 编码序列coding site 编码位置coding strand 密码链coding triplet 编码三联体codominance 共显性codon bias 密码子偏倚codon type 密码子型coefficient of consanguinity 近亲系数coefficient of genetic determination 遗传决定系数coefficient of hybridity 杂种系数coefficient of inbreeding 近交系数coefficient of mi

30、gration 迁移系数coefficient of relationship 亲缘系数coefficient of variability 变异系数coevolution 协同进化coinducer 协诱导物cold sensitive mutant 冷敏感突变体colineartiy 共线性 combining ability 配合力 comparative genomics 比较基因组学 competence 感受态 competent cell感受态细胞 competing groups 竞争类群competition advantage 竞争优势 competitive exclusion principle 竞争排斥原理complementary DNA (cDNA)互补 DNA complementary gene 互补基因complementation test 互补测验 complete linkage 完全连锁complete selection 完全选择complotype 补体单元型composite transposon 复合转座子con