英语代词的用法.docx

1、英语代词的用法一. 代词: 代换名词、形容词等词语的词，一般分为人称代词，不定代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，相互代词，和疑问代词。二人称代词 1. 形式 人称代词的五种基本形式：人称单复数主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单 数Imemyminemyself复 数weusouroursourselves第二人称单 数youyouyouryoursyourself复 数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单 数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复 数theythemthe

2、irtheirsthemselves2. 人称代词的基本用法：考点要求 1. 人称代词填空时的方法（步骤）-四步推断法确定应用形式 第一步：看其后是否有名词，如有则用形容词性物主代词，如无则考虑其余形式； e.g Where does _B_ friend come from? A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours 注意：如其后的名词为双宾语中的间接宾语，名词前用宾格。 e.g Mr. Smith teaches us English. 第二步：看其是否代换了名词词组，如是则用名词性物主代词，如不是则考虑其余三个； e.g This isnt my pen.

3、_D_ is in my pencil case.A. I B. Me C. My D. Mine 第三步：看其是否在动词前，如在动词前，则用主格，如在动词后，则考虑剩下的两个； e.g Nancy is mach fatter than A_ am. A. I B. me C. my D. myself 第四步：如在动词后，应考虑其是否同主语人称一致，如一致则用反身代词，如不一致则用宾格。 e.g Nobody teaches _C_ English. She teaches _. A. her; her B. herself; herself C. her; herself D. hers

4、elf; her 2. 几个人称代词连用时的位置关系：几个人称代词同时作某一成分时，应将第二人称放在最前面，而将第一人称放最后。 e.g You , he and I are good friends. These books are for you and me. 3. 名词性物主代词作主语时，主谓一致关系：名词性物主代词作主语时，其后的谓语动词形式应同它所代换的名词形式保持一致。 e.g My shoes are cheap. But his _ expensive. A. is B. are C. be D. am 答案为B。因为此时的his代换了his shoes，其代换的名词为复数，

5、be用are。 4. 反身代词的正确写法（单复数的判断）以及所属关系的表示：（1）在使用反身代词时，应注意根据句中的某些词语推断其单复数形式，并注意其正确写法。 e.g Please help _ to some cakes, children. A. you B. yourself C. yourselves D. your 答案为C。因为“help yourself to some”是一个固定句式（意为“请随便吃点”），我们可根据children认定对象为复数。 （2）在说明“某人自己的”时，不能用反身代词加所有格符号表示，而应用“形容词性物主代词+own+名词”表示。 e.g 错：He

6、drove himselfs car to go camping last Sunday. 对：He drove his own car to go camping last Sunday. 5. 双重所有格的使用：在“数词+名词+of+人称代词”这样的词组中，人称代词应使用名词性物主代词，同of一起构成双重所有格形式。 e.g 错：Lucy is a good friend of me. 对：Lucy is a good friend of mine.注：（1）在强调句中，如果人称代词做主语，用主格; 如果人称代词做宾语，用宾格。It is she that is singing in th

7、e room.It was him that she saw in the classroom just now.(2)做表语，一般用主格，在口语中，常用宾格人称代词做表语。Who is there? It is me. 三、不定代词：不是指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词主要的不定代词one一个 both 两个都 some 一些 any 任何一个Other 别的，其他的 another 另一个 each 各个 every 每一个all都 either 两者之一 neither两者都不 none 没有人，没有任何东西Few少 little 少 many 许多 much 很多Someone某人

8、somebody 某人 something某事 anything任何事Anyone 任何人 anybody任何人 everyone 没人 everybody没人Everything 一切 nothing没什么 nobody没有人 1.复合不定代词：由some; any; no; every和body; thing; one构成的合成词 考点要求（1）. 自身的意义以及对句式的要求：构成复合不定代词的两个部分分别表示不同的意义和对句式的要求以及考虑其表人还是表物。 body用来表人；thing用来表物；one既可表人也可表物。 some表示“某”，用于肯定陈述句或用情态动词引导的问句中； any

9、表示“某”，用于否定句或问句； no表示“没有”，用于肯定句说明否定意义； every表示“每一”，用于肯定句或问句。 （2）. 主谓一致性关系：复合不定代词任何时候都看为单数，作主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。 e.g 对：Everybody in our class is interested in English. （3）. 定语后置关系：对复合不定代词进行修饰的词语必须后置放在它的后面。 e.g 对：I have something important to tell you. （4）. none和其它复合不定代词的用法区别：none在句中不能单独作主语，但可同of连用带名词一起

10、作主语；其它复合不定代词可单独作主语，但不能同of连用。 e.g 错：He is new here, so none knows him. 对：He is new here, so no one knows him. 错：Nobody of them has been to England before. 对：None of them has been to England before. （5）. 代换复合不定代词的人称代词：在使用人称代词代换复合不定代词时，应考虑其表人还是表物，表人时，用they代换，表物时，用it代换。 e.g Something is wrong with your

11、computer, isnt it? Nobody has been there before, have they?注：a. Someone， somebody ， Anyone ， anybody指人，可用作主语或宾语Someone， somebody 某人 用于肯定句，也用于期望给予肯定回答的疑问句中Anyone ， anybody任何人，无论谁 用于否定句，疑问句，条件句，也用于肯定句everyone ，everybody 每个人 用于肯定句will someone go and get some water?Anybody can do it.Does anyone lived on

12、 this island、 Somebody is waiting outside.B. something, anything, Everything, nothing指物Something 某事 用于肯定句，也用于表示请求，建议，和期望得到肯定回答的疑问句Everything一切事物，每一件事 用于肯定句Anything 任何事 什么事 用于疑问句，否定句，条件句Nothing 没有东西 有否定意义There is something wrong with the bike.He could not see anything. There is nothing serious.Is the

13、re anything/something to eat?Nothing is wrong with the car. (there is not anything wrong with the car.)c. no one, nobody, none, nothingno one 没有人 只用于指人，可接of短语，但不可以说no one of sthnobody 没有人 只用于指人，后不可接of短语none没有人、物 （+复数名词，做主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，强调整体时谓语动词用复数，强调个体时，谓语动词用单数）none of us are for the plan. None of t

14、hem has passed the exam.nothing 什么也没有 只用于物no one/nobody /no one of us/none can work out the hard problem.None of us the money is mine.Are there any pens in the box？none.None of the ships is new.d. everyone, everybody, every one, each (one)everyone, everybody 每个人 后不可接of短语every one 每一个 可指人，物，后可接of短语ea

15、ch one 每一个 可指人，物，后可接of短语，one有时可以省略everyone、everybody knows it. Every one of us sang a song.each (one) of them had something to say.2不定代词 用于代换上文中可数名词的all, both, each, either, none, neither ( every)等表示不定概念的词语One(s) 单数 复数物主代词 反身代词One onesones oneself a. 可以指人或物，表示一个人或某个人，可以做主语，表语，定语，宾语等，泛指人，表示人，人人。One m

16、ust do ones duty. One should be strict with oneself.b. One, ones 代词上文已经出现过名词，避免重复he likes green shirts. she likes white ones.C. one前可以用the, this, that, either, another, which等修饰 Which pen is yours, this one or that one?Which one? I want the one on your desk.d. one 前可以加形容词修饰there are five cats in the

17、 picture, two black ones and three white ones.e. One, ones是泛指，表示同类中的一个，或几个；it 是特指，指代上文提到的带冠词的名词。He had a recorder and she also wanted to buy one.Some, any一些，用作代词，可以做主语，宾语。也可以做形容词，修饰可数名词或不可数名词。Some用于肯定句，也可以用于表示请求，建议，劝告的疑问句中，期望得到肯定回答 any通常用于否定句，疑问句，和条件句，有时也用于肯定句，表示任何，任何的。Some of the tools are very use

18、ful. There is some milk in the bottle. Would you have some coffee? Why do you buy some bananas?I do not have any friends here. Did you give her any？Come and see me if you have any time.Come any day you like.Many, much 用作代词，前者指代可数名词复数，后者指代不可数名词，可以用作主语或宾语。也可以作为形容词，分别修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。Many think he will w

19、in.Many of my classmates come from the south.We had much rain here last month.Much of the money has been spent.注：plenty of, lots of, a lot of也表示许多，可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词I have plenty of/ lots of/a lot of housework/things to do today.Few, a few, a little, littleFew, a few用于代词和形容词，指代或修饰可数名词复数。前者表示很少，几乎没有，有否定意

20、义；后者表示一些，有肯定意义。可以做主语，宾语，定语。little, a little用于代词和形容词，指代或修饰不可数名词。前者表示不多，很少，有否定意义；后者表示一些，有肯定意义。He has a lot, but she has little to say.There is a little time left.Few people can climb up to the top of the mountain.He say a few words in the meeting.Any one of, any of 中的任何一个 可以指人或物You may read Any one of

21、/any of these books.Every, each 每一个Everyeachexamples侧重从整体考虑侧重从个体考虑Every student(all the students) in the class has read the book. Each student may try twice.在数量方面，指三个或三个以上的人或物中的每个指两个或两个以上的人或人物中的每个Each of her parents has a bike.There is a chair in every/each corner of the room.在语法功能方面，只能作定语可作主语，宾语，同位

22、语，定语，或状语They each have two tickets.Each has a bed in it. every room has a telephone in it.Every+基数词+复数名词或Every+序数词，other+单数名词 每，每隔不可She came here every five days.He does shopping every other day.可用almost, nearly等副词修饰不可Almost every student knows the answer.All 全体，全部 用于指三者或三者以上的人和物，可用于主语，宾语，表语，同位语，状语。

23、All of them/us All (of) the +可数名词复数All of this/that/these/those+All 指代名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数；指代事物或一个整体作主语时，谓语动词用单词All 作同位语时，要放在be动词，情态动词，和助动词后，行为动词前All the people there know a little French.All are here.大家都来了。All is ready.一切都准备好了。We are all middle school students. She ate all of it.All of these students a

24、re fond of music.They all come by plane.注：也可以修饰不可数名词，也可以同表示时间的名词使用All hope has gone. All that money is lost.All day all the year all the time Both用于指两者，与复数名词连用，可作主语，宾语，同位语，定语。作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。作形容词，要放在定冠词，指示代词，或物主代词的前面。Both of us/them Both of the +复数名词Both of A and B Both 作同位语时，放在be动词，情态动词，和助动词后，行为动词前Bo

25、th are right.We have both studied here for several years.They both lent me some money.Jim wrote to us both. (both of us)Both windows are open. Both lily and lucy like singing.Both the children are good at math. Both of my parents are doctors.Either, neithereitherneither两者中的任何一个两者都不表示肯定意义表示否定意义作主语，宾语

26、，定语作主语，宾语，定语作主语，谓语用单数作主语，谓语用单数Either of us either of the/my/+复数名词 的任何一个Neither of the +复数名词中没有一个作定语，与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数Either shirt fits me well.Do you know either of the two ladies？ Either (of them) can do it.Neither room is big enough for us.Neither is good. Neither of these answers is correct.注：a. ei

27、theror 要么要么，也也Neither nor 既不也不用作并列连词，可以接单数名词，复数名词或其他词You can buy eggs or meat.Neither Tom or Jane can swim.b.注意与both的区别c. either两者中的任何一个, any三者或三者以上任何一个There are many trees on the either side of the river.You can take any you like.d. neither 两者都不, none 三者或三者以上都不None of the nine hats are the right si

28、ze.Either of the two answers are right.Another, other, others, the othersother：形容词，表示另外的，其他的，其后可带复数名词，如带单数可数名词，表示另一个，泛指；特指两个中的另一个或其他的人或物，用the other，后也可跟复数名词或可数名词; have you got any other questions?Please, close your other eye.Her parents died one after the other.注：a.one the other 一个另一个使用该句式时，其前应出现说明具

29、体数量的数词two；如出现的数词大于two，one可以根据实际情况调整成其它数词；如出现的数词减去one或调整后的数词后仍大于“1”时，the other应变为the others或“the other + 数词”（两个数词相加应等于所给数词）。 e.g There are two apples here. One is for you, the other is for your sister. There are five apples here. Two are for you, the others are for your sister. There are five apples

30、here. Two are for you, the other three are for your sister.The other 构成的惯用语： the other day 不久前的一天，前几天 every other day 每隔一天another：不定数目中的另一个，又一个，别的一个 限定词，其后带单数可数名词,但当其后有数词或few时，要用复数名词；代词，代换上文中提及的可数名词（单数，泛指），作主语或宾语；one after another 一个接着一个，至少三个或三个以上的人或物This one is not enough, take another.I will give you another hundred dollars.I need another few days before I finish the work.They go out one after another.One another 一个另一个 表示泛指If you do not this one, I will show you another.如果表示三个人或物，用One