初中语法宾语从句精讲精练.docx

1、初中语法宾语从句精讲精练宾语从句概述 用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。that引导词 if, whether特殊疑问词语序 一般语序语序不变主句为一般现在时时态 主句为一般过去时从句为客观真理主句为Could / Would / Will you 宾语从句在句中可作及物动词的宾语、介词的宾语或形容词的宾语。I know that he has returned. (动词的宾语)I am surprised that you didnt hear about it before. (形容词的宾语)I am curious that what he will say. (介词的宾语)一、 宾语从句的引导

2、词1. 宾语从句为陈述句时，引导词通常用that，无实在意义，一般情况下可省略。e.g. I dont know (that) he is leaving for the US.以下情况that 不可省略：1） and 连接两个或多个宾从，第二个以及后面的宾从中that不可省略。e.g. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.2) that 引导的宾从做except，in, but, besides 等少数介词的宾语时，that 不可省略。e.g. I know nothing about him excep

3、t that he is from the south.3) that 从句位于句首时，that 不可省略。e.g. That he ever said such a thing I didnt believe.4) 主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that 不可省略。e.g. He told me, believe it or not, that he would buy a car.5) that 引导的宾语从句中又含有从句时，that 一般不可省略。e.g. I think that if you study hard, you will pass the test.2. 从句为

4、一般疑问句时，引导词用if 或whether，意为 “是否”。一般情况下if 和whether 可互换.但以下几种情况只能用whether，1） 当从句中有or / or not时，只能用whether。2） 引导词后为动词不定式时，只能用whether。3） 从句作介词的宾语时，只能用whether。e.g. Sorry, I dont know whether to hold the autumn sports meet next week.I want to know whether we are going to hold the sports meet or not.I havent

5、 settled the question of whether Ill go back home.真题1. We dont know_ it next. Lets go and ask Mr. Li.【11重庆】A. what to do B. to do what C. whether to do D. to do whether2. Well plant trees tomorrow, and I dont know_ Tom will come and join us. 【11天津】A. whether B. which C. what D. where3. Is Tom still

6、in New York or already back at home? 【12十堰】 Im not sure _. Ill call to make sure. A. how he will be back B. that he has come backC. why he has come back D. if he has been back 4. What about going to the South Lake for a picnic next weekend? OK. But Im not sure_ it will rain. 【12绵阳】A. why B. where C.

7、 when D. whether5. Do you know _ Zunyi or not tomorrow? 【12黔西南】A. whether are they leaving for B. whether they are leaving forC. if they are leaving for D. if are they leaving for【答案】1-5 CABDB【解析】1. B和C选项的形式不对，因为句子中有it故A选项是错误的，只能用whether to do。2. 从句为一般疑问句时，引导词用whether/if。3. 从句为一般疑问句时，引导词用whether/if。

8、4. 从句为一般疑问句时，引导词用whether/if。5. 从句中有or not时，只能用whether，且从句语序要用陈述语序。3. 从句为特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词，经常有 who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whoever, whatever, wherever, whenever. e.g. I want to know why you dont like studying.I want to know what you like to do.I dont care wherever you will go

9、.真题1. Could you tell me_ he came here? He drove here himself. 【12.安徽】A. how B. why C. when D. whether2. I cant remember_ I put the book, and I need it for my homework now. 【11广州】A. where B. how C. what D. why3.Do you know_ Emma is? I met her on the playground just now.【11丽水】 Awhat Bhow Cwhere Dwho 4

10、. Do you know _the girl in white is? Im not sure. Maybe she is a doctor.【11绥化】A. how B. where C. what D. who 5. Could you tell me _? Hes a bank clerk. 【11成都】A. who your father is B. what your father does C. where your father works6. Do you know_fom Yiyang to Changsha?【11益阳】A. how far it is B. how fa

11、r is it C. how long is it7. I wonder_like to be an astronaut(宇航员). I dont know, but I imagine its exciting.【11沈阳】A. what is it B. what it is C. whether is it D. whether it is.【答案】1-5 AACCB 6-7 AB【解析】1. 由答语判断，提问方式，引导词用特殊疑问词how。2. 由答语判断，引导词用特殊疑问词where。3. 由答语判断，提问地点，引导词用特殊疑问词where。4. 由答语判断，提问职业，引导词用特殊疑

12、问词what。5. 由答语判断，提问职业，引导词用特殊疑问词what。6. 由答语判断，提问距离，引导词用特殊疑问词how far, 宾语从句中语序为陈述语序。7. 由答语判断，引导词用特殊疑问词what，宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。二、 宾语从句的语序1. 宾语从句的语序一般为陈述语序，即主语 + 谓语 + e.g. Do you know when we are going to hold the Christmas party?Could you tell me what you are going to be when you grow up?真题1. I hear well have

13、a new foreign teacher soon. Do you know when _? Sorry, I have no idea.【09朝阳】A. he will come B. will he come C. is he coming D. he was coming 2. Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _? 【09广州】A. where is the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bankC. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is wher

14、e 3. Do you know _tomorrow? Sorry, I dont know. You may surf the internet.【11湘潭】A. whether will it rain B. if it will rain C. whether does it rain4. Do you know _? Yes. She is doing her homework.【11广西】A. what is your sister doing B. what your sister is doingC. when your sister is doing homework D. w

15、here is your sister doing homework5. Could you tell me _ the party? Next Friday.【11柳州】A. where we are going to haveB. when we are going to haveC. when we were going to have【答案】1-5 ACBBB 【解析】1. 宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。根据语境判断，时态应选用一般将来时。2. 宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。3. 宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。4. 宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。由答语判断，连接词应用what引导。5. 宾语从

16、句的语序要用陈述语序, 由答语可知需用when提问。2. 从句为疑问句，但语序保持不变的有：1）whats wrong / the matter (with sb.)e.g. Do you know whats the matter with Mr. Zi?The teacher asked me what was wrong with Jenny.真题Can you tell me_?I lost my MP3 player.【11铜仁】A. Whats the matter with you B. what the matter is with you C. what the matter

17、 you is D. what the matter with you are.【答案】A【解析】宾语从句为whats wrong / the matter (with sb.)类的疑问句，故语序不变。 2）what happened (to sb.) / what has happenede.g. The teacher asked me what happened to Jenny.Do you know what happened on the street?3）which is the way to e.g. Could you tell me which is the way to

18、the Nanhu Park?Sorry, I dont know which is the way to the Nanhu Park.4) Whos on duty?/ What is in the box?e.g. The teacher asked who was on duty. My mother wondered what was in the box.3. 当主句是一般现在时，主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think， consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等表达个人观点的动词时，如果宾从中含有not 时，需要把not

19、提到主句谓语上，即主句动词变为否定。e.g. I dont think he can do it better than I.注意：当谓语动词为hope，宾语从句中的否定不能前移。e.g. I hope he wont suffer so much.三、宾语从句的时态1. 若主句的时态是一般现在时，则宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。e.g. I dont believe you wont learn English well.Harry Potter knows what has happened to Hogwarts.真题1. I dont know_ the charity show

20、tomorrow. Can you tell me?【09宿迁】 A. when we start B. when did we start C. when we will start D. when will we start2. I dont remember_the book yesterday.【13北京】A. where I put B. where did I putC. where will I put D. where l will put3. Do you know _ this afternoon? Im not sure, but Ill tell you as soon

21、 as she _.【13 江苏连云港】A. how will Betty arrive; startsB. how Betty will arrive; will startC. what time will Betty arrive; will startD. what time Betty will arrive; starts4. I want to know.Sorry. Ive no idea. But she was here just now.【13广东湛江】A. where is Ann B. where Ann is C. where was Ann D. where An

22、n was5. Hi, Bruce. Here is a letter for you. Thanks. I wonder_.【13山东滨州】A. who the letter was from B. who was from the letter C. who was the letter from D. who from the letter was 【答案】1-5 CADBA【解析】1. 主句为一般现在时，从句中有时间状语tomorrow，所以用一般将来时。2. 主句为一般现在时，从句中有时间状语yesterday，所以用一般过去时。3. 第一问题目问下午什么时候到，为一般将来时，因为主

23、句为一般现在时故从句仍用一般将来时；第二问是主将从现。4. 根据题意是问Ann现在在哪儿因此从句要用一般现在时。5. 根据题意信从哪儿来是发生在过去，主句为一般现在时因此从句仍然要用一般过去时并且语序为陈述语序。2. 若主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句则必须以过去时为基点进行时态呼应，从句时态需要倒推主句从句一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变过去进行时不变e.g. Miss Ben told us that we would finish the work on Monday.Miss Li said that s

24、he had been to many places of interest.真题1. Miss Green didnt tell us_ in 2002, but now she lives in our school.【09阜康】A. where does she live B. where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived2. Sorry, what did you say just now? I asked _.【09德州】A. when did he leave B. where you have beenC. wh

25、om will you go with D. how I could get to the station3. The policewoman asked the little boy _.【12湖北】A. where did he live B. where he lived C. where he lives D. where does he lives 4. The woman asked the policeman where_.【13山东潍坊】A. the post office is B. was the post officeC. is he post office D. the

26、 post office was5. Tom asked whether_after he finished his project.【13黑龙江齐齐哈尔】 A. can he go to the cinemaB. he can go to the cinemaC. he could go to the cinema【答案】1-5 DDBDC【解析】1. 主句中动词didnt为一般过去时，从句时态需与其相呼应。2. 主句中动词asked为一般过去时，从句时态需与其相呼应。3. 主句中动词asked为一般过去时，从句时态需与其相呼应。4. 主句为一般过去时，从句需要与其相呼应。5. 主句为一般过

27、去时，从句需要与其相呼应。3. 特殊情况下，可以不用倒推：1）主句为Could / Would / Will you ? 等表客气请求的语句，则从句的时态保持不变。e.g. Could you tell me what grade you can get in next test?Would you please tell me what you are going to order?真题1. Could you tell me _? Yes, it will start at ten.【09湛江】 A. when will the meeting begin B. when the meet

28、ing will begin C. where the meeting begins D. where does the meeting begin 2. Could you tell me_? Certainly. In half an hour.【12广东】A. when will the high speed train arrive B. when the high speed train will arrive C. when would the high speed train arrive D. when the high speed train would arrive3. C

29、ould you please tell me _ a great actress? 【13四川内江】 A. how Zhao Wei has become B. haw did Zhao Wei becomeC. how became Zhao Wei D. how does Zhao Wei became4. Could you tell me _?【13山东青岛】At the end of July.A. how often he heard from his pen pal B. how soon he will be hereC. that he went on vacation D. when you will start your vacation5. Could you tell me _? Im going to pick you up at the airport. At 15:45 this Friday.【13浙江宁波】A. where you met me B. who you are coming withC. when you came here D. what time you are arriving【答案】1-5 BBADD【解析】1. could表委婉语气，不是can的过去式，因此从句仍然用原来时态。2. 主句中could表委婉语气，根据答