动词ing用法归类总结.docx

1、动词ing用法归类总结英语动词ing用法归类总结动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。动词-ing 又分为present participle and gerund.动名词：由动词变化而来，一方面仍保留着动词的某些特征，具有动词的某些变化形势，用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念，另一方面动名词在句中用法及功能与名词类同，在句子中可以做主语、宾语。表语和定语，它可以被副词修饰或者用来支配宾语。 的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。及物动词的-ing还有主动式和被动式，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动式。现在以及物动

2、词make 和不及物动词go为例，将其-ing各种形式列表如下：动词 语态形式及物动词make不及物动词go主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式makingbeing madegoing完成式having madehaving been madehaving gonea. 一般式:V-ing1). 动词V-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。Swimming is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。Learning is important to modern life.学习对现代生活很重要。2). 动词V-ing形式的一般式可用来表示与谓语动词同

3、时发生的动作。They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。3). 动词V-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。b.完成式: having done1.动词V-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这

4、个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。一般在句中作时间或原因状语用。句中的主语是它的逻辑主语，并且是它所表示的动作的执行者，如：Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。注意：在现代英语中，作宾语的动

5、词V-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。(=I rally regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.)We remembered seeing the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。(=We remembered having seen the film.)c. V-ing的被动形式being done,表示它的逻辑主语是动词-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。被动语态-ing一般式所表示的

6、动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作，而且这个被动动作也是和句中谓语所表示的动作同时发生的。它一般在句中作定语或状语用。-ing完成被动式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用。如：The truck being repaired there is ours.The question being discussed is very important.正在讨论的问题很重要。I cant stand being kept waiting. 我不堪久等。 The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Ha

7、ving been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。 注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如： Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 This book is well worth readin

8、g. 这本书很值得一看。d. having done的被动形式having been done表示动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the school library.在被带去看了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观校图书馆。e. -ing否定形式: not+ V-ing His not coming made everyone present very disappointed. 他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。2. -ing形式的基本用法。 （1）作主语：动名词作主语与不定式作主语在语序位置方面较相似，但在

9、表达意思上有差异。动名词作主语时，它已经将动作名词化了，已把某个动作视为某种活动或是某件事情了，动作意义很弱，比较抽象。而不定式作主语的动作意义较强，多指要是去做某事，这种动作往往是要发生的一次性动作,比较具体。例如： Breathing became difficult at that altitude. 在那个海拔高度呼吸变得很困难。Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good .早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。Cheating on an exam ruins ones character .考试作弊毁坏人的

10、性格。It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office .我从办公室回家要花十分钟。It needs time to make three copies of it .把它复制三份需要时间。ing形式作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置。如：It isnt much good writing to them again. Its no use waiting here.动名词作主语时，也常用It is 和There is 两种句型。It is 的句型常用于说明某种活动或是某件事情是如何，如何。强调事物的性质、

11、特征等。常用于It is后面的词有：no good , no use , useless , a waste, worthwhile , dangerous等等。句型There is 往往用于说明不允许、禁止某种活动或是某件事情发生或存在。类似一种建议、命令等。例如：It is no use waiting for him any longer .等他是没有用的。It is no good learning without practice .学而不实践是没好处的。It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light .

12、 用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again .很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。There is no joking about such matters .这种事开不得玩笑。There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded .不能否认这个事实，中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。There is no littering ab

13、out . 不许乱扔杂物。注意以下几种结构：1Theres no telling what will happen .=Its impossible to tell what will happen . = No one can tell what will happen . 2Its no use talking with him . Its no good speaking to them like that . 3Theres some difficulty ( in ) doing 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换: trouble , problem , fun

14、, pleasure , a good time , a hard time（2）作表语：动词-ing作表语表示主语所处的状态。动名词作表语主要说明主语是做什么的、或是怎么回事， 动作意义弱，较抽象；而现在分词作表语则主要是表示主语的性质、特征等；不定式作表语却主要说明或解释主语（要去）做什么事，它比动名词更为具体，动作意义更强。例如：Her job is washing and cooking.=Washing and cooking is her job. My hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is my hobby.The re

15、al question is getting to know the needs of the people. 真正的问题是了解人民的需要。His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词） 他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent .（动名词）读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。Their task is exploring oil mines in

16、 the west . （动名词） 他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。The situation is very much encouraging .（现在分词） 形势非常令人鼓舞。The story is moving . 这个故事令人感动。His present job is not that stimulating as he expected. （现在分词） 他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。 动名词作表语可以与主语交换，而意思不改变，现在分词作表语时则不可以与主语交换，因为现在分词仍然表动作，所以在它前面仍然可以使用very 等副词修饰，现在分词有“令人”的意思。注意：动词-ing形式作表语

17、与进行时态的区别：动词-ing形式作表语表示主语的状态，特征；进行时态表示正在发生的动作。是比较：His job is teaching English. 他的工作是教英语。(说明工作的内容，表语) His job is interesting. 他的工作很有趣。(说明工作的特征，表语) He is teaching Japanese at that school. 他在那所学校教日语。(现在进行时) （3）作宾语：作及物动词的宾语。a. 常见的用动名词作宾语的及物动词：avoid (避免) , admit（承认），allow (允许)，cease (停止) , consider (考虑) ,

18、 deny (抵赖，否认) , keep, miss, consider, permit, forbid, appreciate（感激）,delay (拖延) , postpone (推迟) ,enjoy (喜欢) , endure (忍受) , escape (逃离) , excuse (原谅) , finish (完成) , imagine (想象) , mind (介意、反对) , miss (错过) , need (需要表被动时) , want (需要表被动时) require (需要表被动时) , practice (练习) , risk (冒险) , stop (停止做某事) ,

19、suggest (建议) , cant help (忍不住) , give up (放弃) , keep on (继续) , leave off (结束、省去) , put off (推迟) be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from),keep from, stop（from）,protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be used to（习惯于）, look forward to

20、, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like，get down to, lead to, be devoted to , devote oneself to, be dedicated to等。例如：She likes drawing very much.He managed to escape suffering from the disease .他设法避免患那种疾病。After hearing the funny story , all of us couldnt help laughing ear to ear. 听完了那个滑稽

21、故事，我们忍不住大笑了。Excuse my interrupting you for a while .请原谅我打扰你一会儿。Professor Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter.史密斯教授考虑在学生们学习下一章之前给他们一份读书清单。When he came back home from his night shift , Jason tried to avoid wakening his family当杰逊下夜班回到家时，他尽力不弄醒他的家人。Th

22、e suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.犯罪嫌疑人否认他那晚开过办公室的电脑。The office needs cleaning thoroughly . ( = to be cleaned thoroughly .) 这间办公室需要彻底打扫。The roses in your garden want watering .( = to be watered . ) 你花园里的玫瑰需要浇水。为了方便记忆，现总结一些技巧和口诀： 1通常只能接动词-ing 形式作宾语的动词(或动词短语)： 建议抵制享受(su

23、ggest， advise； resist； enjoy) 考虑承认冒险(consider； admit； risk) 避免推迟实践(avoid； delay； practise) 期待成功完成(look forward to； succeed in； finish)b. 有些及物动词后既可用动名词作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语，两种结构在意义上差别不大。常见的有：attempt (打算) , begin (开始) , cant afford (付不起) , cant bear (无法容忍) , continue (继续) , deserve (值得) ,hate (不喜欢) , intend (

24、打算) , like（喜欢） , love (爱) , neglect (忽略) , prefer (宁愿) , propose (提议) 等。例如：Do you prefer strolling outside or staying inside ( to stroll outside or to stay inside ) 你是想在外面散步，还是想呆在室内 I cant afford watching ( to watch ) the game through to the end because I should be at work in thirty minutes .这场比赛我是看

25、不完了，因为半小时后我要上班。I like playing ( to play ) chess with you , but not today .我喜欢和你下棋，但不是今天。When did you begin learning ( to learn ) English 你什么时候开始学英文的Maria intended visiting ( to visit ) her parents last weekend , but she caught by something else . 上周末，玛莉娅曾打算去看她的父母亲，但却因其他的事而脱不开身。C. 有些及物动词后也是既可用动名词作宾语，

26、也可用不定式作宾语，但是两种结构在意义上存在一定的差别：在like , love , hate , prefer等词后，若表示强调某种爱好、一般性的倾向，需用动名词作宾语；如指某次将发生的具体行为，则多用不定式作宾语。例如：She likes dancing more than singing .她喜欢跳舞胜过唱歌。She likes to go dancing with her colleagues this weekend.这个周末她想和同事一块儿去跳舞。Men often hate going window-shopping .男人通常不爱逛商店。Davis hates to talk

27、about that topic at next meeting .戴维斯不想在下次会议上谈那个话题。She prefers swimming to running . 她喜欢游泳而不喜欢跑步。She prefers to go swimming this afternoon .今天下午她要去游泳。在remember,forget, regret后面，接动名词表示已发生过的动作；接不定式表示现在发生或将要发生的动作 。例如：I remember having posted the letter today .我记得今天把那封信发出去了。Ill remember to post the lett

28、er for you .我会记得帮你将信发出去的。I regret not telling her the truth before she left .我后悔在她离开前告诉她实情。I regret to say I am not prepared well enough for the new post .很遗憾地说，我还没有为新的职位作好充分的准备。在begin , start , 和cease之后，接动名词表示强调有意识地开始或停止某动作；不定式则表示自然、突然地发生的动作。例如：She began learning to cook before her marriage .她是婚前开始

29、学烧饭的。It began to snow yesterday .昨天开始下雪了。They started developing the new product in 1999 .1999年他们开始研制那种新产品。 No sooner had we arrived home than it started to rain heavily. 我们刚一到家就下起大雨来了。He ceased smoking when he got something wrong with his lung .当他的肺部出了毛病时，他停止吸烟了。Electronic games ceased to intereste

30、d him after he began to work .他参加工作以后，电子游戏不再使他感兴趣了。 stop后接动名词表示要停止动名词表示的动作，而后接不定式则表示终止目前的动作去做不定式表示的动作 ；try后接动名词表示试着干某事，而后接不定式则表示尽力干某事 。例如：Stop talking please . (终止讲话的动作)请不要讲话了。Lets stop to take a break . （开始休息的动作）让我们停下来休息一会儿。The boy tried installing his computer and succeed at last . （试着安装 ）那个男孩试着安装

31、他的电脑，最后成功了。Ill try to finish the composition of the book by October .（尽力完成 ）我要尽力在十月以前完成这本书的写作。try to do something 与manage to do something 的区别， 前者表示尽力去做并不一定成功，而后者则表示成功了。d. 动名词作介词的宾语，并与介词一起构成介词短语在句子里担当定语、状语、表语，如：Im looking forward to your coming next time . （作状语） 我期待着您下一次的到来。On hearing our delegation in Sydney had won 28 gold medals , all the Chinese people cheered up with great joy and showed their great respects to our athletes . （作状语）当听到我国在悉尼的奥运代表团获得了28块金牌时，全中国人民都高兴地欢呼起来，并向我们的运动健儿们表示崇高的敬意。The si