连词的用法与练习汇总.docx

1、连词的用法与练习汇总 连词的用法一、概说连词，是一种虚词，不能担任一个句子成分，但可以起连接的作用，即连接词与词或句与句。如：We may be leaving today or tomorrow. 我们可能今天或明天走。（连接词与词）Now I must go or I shall be late for the party. 我现在得走，否则晚会我就要迟到了。（连接句与句）主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。在句子中，连词起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。它本身在句子里不单独做句子成分。并列连词：是用来连接语法地位相同的结构、相同的单词、短语及句子。并列连词有：and, but, or

2、, nor, so, for yet, however, as well as, both.and, not only.but also, either.or, neither.nor, still, 从属连词：用来引导状语从句。从属连词有：after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, if, unless, lest, because, than, that, whether, so that, in order that, as if, as though, although, suppose that, provided, tha

3、t, as.as, now that, such.that, in case that, on condition that二、连词的种类连词有两类：1）从属连词：引导从句。随着从句作用不同，它们又可分为几类：从句种类主要从属连词时间从句when while as before after until till whenever条件从句if unless supposing provided(ing) suppose目的从句in order that so that that so lest结果从句sothat suchthat so that so原因从句because as since让步

4、从句although though even though(if) while方式从句as like the way as if as though地点从句where wherever比较从句than as此外还有 that, whether 等从属连词可引导名词从句，在句中担任主语、宾语等。2）并列连词：连接两个互不依从的次、短语或分句：Slow but sure. 要慢而稳。（连接单词）Shell be back either this week or next week. 她将在这周或下周回来。（连接短语）I went and she went also. 我去了，她也去了。（连接分句）

5、并列连词有下面几类：表示意思转折的连词but yet however nevertheless表示因果关系的连词for so therefore hence 其他并列连词and or eitheror neithernor not onlybut also bothand as well as三、从属连词1. 引导时间状语从句的连词这类连词主要有：when:Dont get excited when you talk. 讲话时别激动。When he got up he felt dizzy. 他站起身时感到头晕。while:We must strike while the iron is ho

6、t. 我们要趁热打铁。While she ate she grew more restless. 她一边吃一边变得更加忐忑不安。as:As he spoke two men came up. 在他讲话时两个人走了进来。He smiled as he passed. 他经过时笑了笑。before:Look before you leap. 三思而后行。It will be five years before we meet again. 要五年后咱们才能再相见。after:I arrived after he had left. 在他走后我到了。Ill tell them after you h

7、ave left. 你走后我在告诉他们。until, till :Ill take no steps until you arrive. 你来之前我不会采取什么行动。I propose waiting till the police get here. 我建议等警察来了再说。since:How long is it since you came to London? 你到伦敦有多久了？It was years since I had seen her. 我有好多年没见到她了。whenever:I go and visit him whenever Im in town. 我每次进城都去看他。W

8、henever possible, they play outside. 一有机会他们就到外面玩耍。2. 引导条件状语从句的连词1）条件状语从句主要由if, unless, supposing(suppose)引导：if:I must leave if thats the case. 如果情况如此我就得走了。He will come if asked. 如果邀请的话他会来的。unless:I wont write unless he writes first. 我不写信，除非他先给我写。Ill go there tomorrow unless it rains. 除非下雨，否则我明天去那里。s

9、upposing: Supposing that he asks you, will you go? 假定他请你去，你会去吗？Supposing his plan goes wrong, what will you do then? 如果他的计划出了问题，我们怎么办？suppose:Suppose she finds out, what shall we do then? 假如她发现了，我们怎么办？Suppose you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do? 假定你明天失业，你怎么办？provided:I will agree to go pro

10、vided(providing) (that) my expenses are paid. 如果有人给我掏路费我将同意去。 She agreed to go and work there provided that her family could go with her. providing:Ill dry the dishes, providing that you do the washing-up. 如果你刷盘子，我就将它们擦干。2）条件状语从句还有其他形式：You will always have a home as long as I have anything. 只要我有家产，你

11、就永远会有一个家。Theyll stand by you even if you dont succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。此外，as long as, so long as, in case, even if 都起连词作用。3. 引导目的状语从句的连词引导目的的状语从句的连词主要有下面这些：in order that:He left early in order that his children would not be alone in the house.他早早动身，以免孩子们单独待在家里。I lent him 50 in order(so )that he might

12、 go for a holiday. 我借给他50英镑，使他能去渡假。so that: Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them.让她快点把信打好，以便我能签字。Please interpret this Chinese womans remarks so that I can understand them.请翻译一下这位中国妇女的话以便我能听动。so: Cant you fix it somehow so you could stay longer?难道你不能作某种安排以便能多待些日子？Ill give him

13、 a map so he wont get lost. 我会给他一张地图免得他迷路。that:She did it that he might go free. 她这样做以便他能获得自由。I am anxious to get done that I may be back in Ireland. 我急于完成此事以便能返回爱尔兰。lest: He hurried on, lest she should meet him again. 他赶紧往前走，惟恐她再碰到他。He hid the money lest it should be stolen. 他把钱藏起来惟恐别人偷去4. 引导结果状语从句

14、的连词1）结果状语从句主要由sothat和suchthat 引导：sothat:He was so young that you must excuse him. 他那样年轻，你得原谅他。He was so fat that he couldnt get though the door. 他胖得连门都过不去了。suchthat:Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet.吉姆吵成那样，他姐姐让他安静点。He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.他关窗时

15、那样使劲，连玻璃都震碎了。They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house.他们的狗那样凶，谁也不敢走近他们家。that 有时可以省略，特别是在口语中。5. 引导原因状语从句的连词1）引导原因状语从句的连词主要有because, as, since:because:Because it was wet he took a taxi. 由于下雨他叫了一辆出租车。He was worried because he hadnt had any letter from her.他很担忧因为他没收到过她一封信。as:A

16、s David had a passion for walking, we started off on foot. 由于大卫喜欢走路，我们就步行出发了。As youre sorry, Ill forgive you. 既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。2）还有一些表示原因的状语从句由seeing（that）,considering(that)或now that等引导：Please dont try to back out now that everything has been arranged.现在一切都安排好了，请不要打退堂鼓。Now youre here, you may make yours

17、elf useful. 你已经来了，不妨帮帮忙。3）许多用在形容词后的that从句也起原因状语的作用（that 有时可省略）：She was glad that she had controlled herself. 她很高兴控制住了自己。Im disappointed that they cannot come. 他们不能来我很失望。6.引导让步状语从句的连词主要有下面这些：although:I didnt know that then, although I learned it later.那时我并不知道这事，尽管后来我知道了。Hes very lovable although not

18、at all tidy. 他很可爱，虽说我一点都不整洁。though:Though not large, the room was light and airy. 房间虽然不大，采光和通风却很好。The girl, though plain, had a kind face. 这姑娘虽然相貌平庸，却有一张善良的脸。even if:I wouldnt do it, even if you paid me a thousand pounds. 即使你付我一千英镑，我也不干。Im going to expose him even if hes brother of mine.尽管他是我的兄弟，我也要

19、揭露他。7. 引导方式状语从句的连词1） 引导方式状语从句的连词主要有 as ,like, as if, as though, however:as:You ought to do as I tell you. 你应当照我说的做。When at Rome, do as the Romans do. 入境随俗。like: She cant draw like her sister can. 她不能象她姐姐那样画画。Do it like I tell you. 照我告诉你的那样做。as if:He paused as if expecting her to speak. 他停了停，像是在期待她说话

20、。He glanced about as if in search of something. 他四处看了看，仿佛在找什么似的。as though:He shivered about as though with cold. 他颤抖了一下，好象受了寒气一样。When she had finished she waited as though for a reply.她讲完之后等了等，像是在等候回答。however:Arrange your hours however you like. 你的时间你可以随意安排。You may use it however you like. 你可以随意使用它。

21、In ones own home one can act however he wishes. 在家里你愿干什么就干什么。2）the way He doesnt speak the way I do. 他不像我这样说话。I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them. 他们从不让我按自己的意愿行事。8. 引导地点状语从句的连词1）引导地点状语从句的连词有where, where, everywhere:where:Ill drive you where youre going. 你到哪儿我都可以开车送你去。Please

22、keep sitting where you are. 请仍坐在原处。wherever:Wherever he is hell be thinking of you. 不管他在哪里，他总会想着你。Well go wherever you say. 你说哪里我们就到哪里。everywhere:Everywhere they appeared there were ovations. 他们所到之处都有人欢呼。Everywhere he went, he was introduced as the current US champion. 不管他到哪里，人们都介绍他是当前的美国冠军。2）no mat

23、ter where 也可以引导地点状语：Keep your mobile phone with you no matter where you are. 不管在哪里你都要带着手机。9. 引导比较状语从句的连词引导比较状语从句的连词是than和as:than:You sing better than I do. 你的歌唱的比我好。They work harder than we do. 他们比我们勤奋。as:You know as much about that as I do. 对这事你了解得和我一样多。Thats not so simple as it sounds. 那事并不像听起来那么简

24、单。10. 引导其他从句的连词1）引导主语从句和宾语的连词有that和whether, if 可以引导宾语从句：that:She always complains that he is down on her. 她老是抱怨他看不起她。Ill prove to the world that he was right. 我要向全世界证明他是对的。whether:I dont know whether you like flowers. 我不知道你喜不喜欢花。Ill see whether I can induce him to accept it. 我要看看我能否劝说他接受这东西。if:I won

25、der if Its large enough. 不知这够不够大。He asked if would show him the way. 他问我可否给他带路。2）that和whether 还可以引导标语从句或同位语从句：that:The fact is that he doesnt really try. 事实是他没有真正去努力。The reason was he was afraid. 原因是他害怕。whether:The point is whether we ought to recommend him. 问题是我们是否应当推荐他。3）that和whether还可以用在形容词之后：I a

26、m certain that I posted the letter. 我肯定这信我发了He wasnt sure whether he ought to laugh or cry. 他啼笑皆非。四、并列连词1. 并列连词and和or1) and 和or 是用得最多的并列连词，可以连接：a. 两个并列的动词：We were singing and dancing all evening. 整个晚上我们都在唱歌跳舞。He started to shout and swear. 他开始又喊又骂。b. 名词、形容词等：She was sweet and amiable. 她甜美和蔼。Would yo

27、u like fish or beef? 你要鱼还是牛肉？c. 两个并列的分句（句子）：I said it and I meant it. 我说话算数。2）and 可连接两个分句，表示“只要就”：Utter one word and you are a dead man! 说一句话就要你的命！Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他会得寸进尺。3）or可连接分句，表示“只要就”：Dont drive so fast or youll have an accident. 别开这么快，不然你会出车祸。2. 表示意思转折的连词表示意思转折的连词主要有bu

28、t, yet:1) but主要连接2个并列的分句：All this he did, but it had no effect at all. 这一切他都做了，但一点都不起作用。The weather will be sunny but cold. 天气会晴朗但很冷。He tried to save it, but in vain. 他努力想救活它，但没用。2）yet 主要连接两个分句：They are ugly and expensive, yet people buy them. 他们又丑又贵，但人们还是要买。It is strange, yet true. 这很奇怪，却是真的。Shes a

29、 funny girl, but yet you cant help liking her. 她是个奇怪的姑娘，但你禁不住会喜欢她。3）however, nevertheless, still 等为副词，但可起连接作用，表示意思的转折：however: His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.他的第一反应是不行，但后来他改变了主意。nevertheless:They hadnt trained hard, nevertheless (but) they won. 他们并没有努力训练，但还是打赢了

30、。 still:Its raining; still Id like to go. 天在下雨，但我还是要去。all the same:She is naughty, all the same we have to laugh at her jokes. 她很调皮，但对她的恶作剧我们还是要发笑。3. 表示因果的连词1）for可以表示“因为”但引导的不是从句，而是分句，对前面情况加以解释，常用逗号把它和前面的分句分开，这在书面语中计较多见（口语中多用because, as , since等）：The days were short, for it was now December. 白天很短，因为现在已经是十二月。它还可以表示为什么有前面的看法(此时不能用because, as, since):She must have gone out early, for she had not shown up at breakfast.她肯定一早出去了，因为她没来吃早饭。2）so 表示结果，可译为“因此”、“所以”：Our cases were heavy, so we took a taxi. 我们的箱子很重，因此我们坐了出租车。3）therefore 为副词，也表示同样的意思，可放句前：He had gon