人教版高中英语必修三Unit1 情态动词精品学案.docx

1、人教版高中英语必修三Unit1 情态动词精品学案2020年精编人教版英语资料情态动词精品学案一、情态助动词的词法和句法特征：1.情态动词只能接不带to的不定式：We used to grow beautiful roses.I asked if he would come and repair my television set.2.情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式：She dare not say what she thinks.3.情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式、-ing分词和-ed分词形式：Still, she neednt have run

2、 away.二.、情态助动词的意义和用法1.can和could的用法1).表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。如：Can you finish this work tonight?Man cannot live without air. Can I go now? Yes, you can.could也可表示请求，预期委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用can（即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。如： Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. （否定答语可用No, Im afraid not.）can表示能力时，还

3、可用be able to代替。如： Ill not be able to come this afternoon.2)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）Can this be true?How can you be so careless!This cannot be done by him.3)“can(could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。如：He cannot have been to that town.Can he have got the book?2.may和might的用法1)表示许可。表示请

4、求、允许时，might比many的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustnt表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。如：You may drive the car. Might I use your pen? No, you mustnt.用May I . 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中，用Can I . 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。2)用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：May you succeed!3)表示推测、可能（疑问句不能用于此意）。He may be very busy now.4)“may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为

5、的推测。如：He may not have finished the work.3.must和have to的用法1)表示必须、必要。如：You must come in time.回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustnt，而要用neednt或dont have to。Must we hand in our exercise books today?Yes, you must. (No, you dont have to.)2)“must be + 表语”的结构表示推测，它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。 This must be your pen.3)“must +

6、 have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。He must have been to Shanghai.4)have to的含义与must相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几点不同：must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。如：The play is not interesting. I really must go now.I had to work when I was your age.must一般只表现在，have则

7、有更多的时态形式。二者的否定意义不大相同。如：You mustnt go. 你可不要去。You dont have to go. 你不必去。询问对方的意愿时应用must。如：Must I clean all the room?4.dare和need的用法1)need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如：You neednt come so early.Need I finish the work today?Yes, you must.neednt + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做

8、某事而实际上做了某事”。如：You neednt have waited for me.2)Dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如：How dare you say Im unfair.He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?3)Dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。如：I dare to swim across this river.H

9、e does not dare (to) answer.Dont you dare (to) touch it!I wondered he dare (to) say that.He needs to finish it this evening.5.shall和should的用法1)Shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。如：What shall we do this evening?2)Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如：Shall we begin our lesson?When shall he be able to leave the

10、hospital?3)Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如：You shall fail if you dont work harder. （警告）He shall have the book when I finish reading. （允诺）He shall be punished. （威胁）4)Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to。如：You should go to class right away.Should I open the window?Should的含义较多，

11、用法较活，现介绍三种其特殊用法。请看下面的句子：I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看，你是搞错了。I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是劝你别这样做。This is something I should have liked to ask you. 这是我本来想问你的。从以上例句可以看出：情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。Should还可以用在if引导的

12、条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如：Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她，请让她给我打个电话。If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意，请通知我们。Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间，我就来。此外，Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人

13、对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。如：Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚？ Where is Betty living? 贝蒂住在哪里？ How should I know? 我怎么会知道呢？I dont know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。5)“should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务，表示应该做到而实际上没有做到，并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。如：She should have finished it.I should h

14、ave helped her, but I never could.You should have started earlier.6.will和would的用法1)表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。如：Would you pass me the book?2)表示意志、愿望和决心。如：I will never do that again.They asked if we would do that again.3)用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或

15、事态的推测。如：This will be the book you want.He will have arrived by now.The guests would have arrived by that time.I thought you would have finished this by now.4)Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某中倾向。Would表过去习惯时比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：The wound would not heal.During the vacation he would visit me every week.5)表料想或

16、猜想。如：It would be about ten when he left home.What would she be doing there?I thought he would have told you all about it.7.ought to的用法1)Ought to表示应该。如：You ought to take care of him.2)表示推测。注意与must表示推测时的区别：He must be at home by now. （断定他已到家）He ought to be home by now. （不十分肯定）This is where the oil must

17、 be. （比较直率）This is where the oil ought to be. （比较含蓄）3)“ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。如：You ought to have asked him (but you didnt).这时，ought to和should可以互相换用。在美国英语中，ought to用于否定句和疑问句时，to可以省略。如：Ought you smoke so much?You oughtnt smoke so much.8.used to，had better，would rather的用法1)Used to表示过去的习惯

18、动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。如：He told us he used to play football when he was young.在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式：疑问句Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?Used you to go to the same school as your brother?否定句I usednt to go there.I didnt use to go there.Usednt 亦可拼作usent，但发音皆为ju:znt。否定疑问句Us

19、ent you to be interested in the theatre?Didnt you use to be interested in the theatre?强调句I certainly used to smoke, but it was a long time ago.I certainly did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：She used to be very fat, didnt she? （正式）/ use(d)nt she? （口语）Did you use to play

20、chess? Yes, I did.Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did. (Yes, I used to.)2)Had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式。如：We had better go now.Yes, we had (wed better / we had better).Hadnt we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)I think Id better be going. （用于进行时态，表“最好立即”）You had better have

21、 done that. （用于完成时态，表未完成动作）had best与had better同意，但较少用。You had better 用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。3)Would rather意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带to的不定式。如：Id rather not say anything.Would you rather work on a farm?Wouldnt you rather stay here?No, I would not. Id rather go there.由于would rather表选择，因而后可接than。如：I would rather work on a

22、 farm than in a factory.I would rather watch TV than go to see the film.I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie.Id rather you didnt talk about this to anyone. （句中的d rather不是情态动词，would在此是表愿望的实义动词）三、强化练习 选择填空1. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next

23、week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not2. Where is my pen? I _ it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost3. I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see4. I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. s

24、hould be D. should have been5. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented6. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might have C. may have gi

25、ven D. may give7. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday. A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb8. Without electricity human life _ quite difficult today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be9. A

26、 computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not10. Jenny _ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. A. must B. should C. need D. would11. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. sho

27、uld have studied D. would study12. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should13. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told14. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital imm

28、ediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken15. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for h

29、er. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out17. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come18. Shall I tell John about it? No, you _. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken20. Its nearly seven ocl