中考常考的英语介词归类和练习.docx

1、中考常考的英语介词归类和练习中考常考介词表示地点、方位的介词常用的有：in, at, on, to, across, through, around, before, in front of, between, among, behind, beside, near, under, above, below, next to, over等。 1) at ,in, at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近，旁边”in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在范围之内”。He arrived at the station at ten.他十点钟到达车站。He arrived in Shangh

2、ai yesterday.他昨天到达上海。2) above, below, over, under, on above 指在上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对；over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。on表示在某个物体的表面上，两者是接触的。 The kite is flying above my head.风筝在我的上空飞翔。There is a bridge over the river.河面上有一座桥。I put my books on my desk.我把书放桌上。There is a cat under the table.一只猫在桌子

3、底下。Please write your name below the line. 请在此行下方写下你的名字。3) in front of, in the front of在前面in front of=before意思是“在前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在的后面）。in the front of 意思是“在.的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of（在范围内的后部）。There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。)There is a blackboard in the

4、front of our classroom.我们的教室前边有一块黑板。4) between, among between指两者或两两之间，among表示三者或三者以上之间。We must have a rest between classes.课间时间我们必须休息一下。Our teacher is standing among us.我们老师正站在我们中间。5）in/on/to + the + 方位词（east/south/west/north）+ of in表示两地有包含关系；on表示两地毗邻，接壤；to表示两地相隔的关系。 Shanghai lies in the east of Chi

5、na.上海位于中国的东方。 North Korea is on the north of China.朝鲜在中国的北方。 Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东方。表示时间的介词常用的有：in, at, on, between, since, for, during, until, till, by, fromto, after, before, past, to等。 1)in , on，at 在时in表示较长时间，如世纪、 年代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。如：in the 20th century, in the 1950s, i

6、n 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in ones life , in ones thirties等。on表示具体某一天。如：星期、日期、节日及其早、中、晚。如：on May 1st, on Monday, on April Day, on a cold night，on Sunday afternoon等。at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。如： at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of , at night, at noon

7、, at the age of , at Christmas， at this moment等。【注意】在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一般不用介词。 We must study harder next year.明年我们必须更加努力学习。2)in, after 在之后“in +时间段”表示将来的一段时间以后，常用于将来时。“after+时间段”表示过去的一段时间以后，常用于过去时态；“after+将来时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后，常用于将来时态。My mother will come back in three or four days.我

8、妈妈三四天之后会回来。He arrived after five months. 他在五个月后到达的。 She will appear after five oclock this afternoon. 她将在今天下午五点之后过来。 3)from, since, forfrom仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；since后跟具体的过去时间，for后跟一段时间，通常与完成时连用，谓语动词需要用延续性动词。 He studied the piano from the age of three.他从三岁开始学弹钢琴。They have lived here since 1978.从19

9、78年以来，他们一直住在这里。They have lived here for thirty years. 他们住在这儿三十年了。4) by, before, until by + 时间点, 到之前为止“by + 将来时间点”，常用一般将来时；“by + 过去时间点”，常用于过去完成时。 before 在之前,后接时间点，不能接时间段。 until + 时间点，意为“直到”,主句应该用延续性动词；如果是短暂性动词，用否定式“notuntil”句型，意为“直到才” The work will be completed by the end of next month.这项工作到下个月底将会被完成

10、。We must leave before 6:oo, or we may miss the early bus. 我们必须在6：00之前出发，否则会错过早班车。They worked until 2 a.m. yesterday.他们昨天工作到凌晨两点。They didnt stop working until 2a.m.他们直到凌晨两点才停止工作。 5）since, after不要将since与after混淆。比较： He has worked here since 1965自从1965年以来，他一直在这儿工作。(指一段时间，强调时间段） He began to work here aft

11、er 1965 从1965年以后，他开始在这儿工作。（指一点时间，强调时间点）表示方式、手段或工具的介词1）表示交通方式：by + 交通工具；on/in + 限定词 + 交通工具by bus=on the bus; by car=in a car2) with后接具体的交通工具； in表示使用某种语言，用墨水、颜色、颜料等“原料”名词前不加冠词；by表示用某种方式或手段，名词前不加冠词。on 表示“以的方式”I often write a letter with a pen.我经常用钢笔写信。Whats this in English? 这个用英语怎么说？This work is made b

12、y hand.这个作品是纯手工制作的。He called the police on the mobile phone.他用了手机报警。表示往返方向的介词 to, towards, round, around, through, across, out of, into, off, fromto,along等。through, across, over through指空间内“穿过，通过”。 across指从平面上“穿过，通过；在另一边”。 over指从上方“越过；从一边到另一边”。Two friends are going through the forest.两个好朋友正在穿过森林。Don

13、t go across the road when the light is red.红灯时不能过马路。Dont turn over the wall. Its very dangerous. 别爬围墙，那是非常危险的。常见成语介词搭配归纳1. 其他词+ofahead of 在之前，比强 cause of 因为inside of 在以内，少于 instead of 代替，而不outside of 在外面，除外 regardless of 不顾，不管2. 其他词+toaccording to 根据 as to 至于，关于contrary to 违反 due to 由于，由于的原因 near to

14、 在的附近 next to 紧挨着，紧次于owing to 因为，由于 thanks to 多亏，由于 3. in+其他词+ofin advance of 在前面 in aid of 帮助in behalf of 为了(的利益) in case of 如果，万一，以防in celebration of 庆祝 in charge of 负责，管理 in defence of 保卫 in explanation of 解释in face of 面对 in favour of 赞成，主张in front of 在前面 in honor of 纪念，祝贺，欢迎in memory of 纪念 in ne

15、ed of 需要in place of 代替 in possession of 拥有in praise of 称赞 in respect of 关于，就而言in search of 寻找，搜找 in sight of 在看见的地方in spite of 虽然，尽管 in support of 为了支持(拥护)in view of 鉴于，考虑到4. in+其他词+for(from in exchange for 作为对的交换 in preparation for 为作准备in return for 作为的报答 in reward for 作为的报酬5. in+其他词+to(from in add

16、ition to 加之，除之外 in answer to 回答，响应in reply to 对的回答(答复) in response to 回答，响应in with reference to 关于 in with regard to 关于常用介词用法练习1. The play begins at 6: 40 pm. So we have to be at the theatre _ 6:30 pm at the latest. A. after B. around C. until D. by2. They held a ceremony _ those killed in the battl

17、e. A. in honor of B. instead of C. in favor of D. by means of3. After finishing middle school, my sister did nothing _ at home. A. but to read B. but read C. besides reading D. except to read4. Write your name and address on your bag _ you lose it. A. in any case B. in case C. in no case D. in that

18、case5. _ did the professor give you much advice? The choice of a career. A. On what B. In what C. What D. For what 6. I made coat _ my own hands. It was made _ hand not with a machine. A. in; in B. in; with C. with; by D. with; with 7. He is running _ the wind towards the east of the station _ Tom r

19、unning _ the right. A. down; and; on B. against; with; onC. for; with; in D. with; while; to8. Not all of us know the difference _ wheat, oats and barley. A. among B. between C. from D. in 9. The young singer is quite popular _ the public. Shes made a remarkable achievement _ a girl of her age. A. w

20、ith; to B. to; for C. with; for D. for; to10. The apple trees have lots of big apples _ them. And some birds are singing _ the trees. A. in; on B. at; in C. on; in D. with; through11. That woman will quarrel _ everybody _ anything. A. about; about B. about; with C. with; about D. with; with 12. The

21、weather this month has been good _ . A. on the whole B. generally speakingC. above all D. on one hand13. We should divide all the potatoes _ two piles and separated the good ones _ the bad ones. A. from; by B. into; from C. into; into D. from; into14. They said the building would be completed _ a ye

22、ar.A. after B. for C. in D. about15. These boxes are too heavy for me to carry. Here, Ill give you a hand _ them. A. for B. to C. with D. by答案解析1. D。从“戏剧在下午6:40开始”可知到达剧院的时间最迟不应晚于6:30。A项表示“下午6:30后到剧院”，C项表示“在剧院呆到下午6:30为止”，均不合题意。B项干扰性最强，around意为“左右，大约”, 但在6:30 pm后有at the latest“最晚”,二者相矛盾。C项by是not later

23、 than(不迟于)之意，整合题意。2. A。in honour of意为“为庆祝(为向. . . 表示敬意,为纪念”；instead of意为“代替; 而不是”；in favor of意为“赞成；支持”；by means of意为“通过; 用; 借助于”。根据句意“他们举行了纪念阵亡战士的仪式”可知答案为A(from 3. B。but, except 和besides都有“除之外”的意思，但没有”，相当于not including. 另外，but后面可接不定式to do,但如果but前面有实义动词dbesides是“除之外，还”的意思，等于in addition to; 而except, b

24、ut 是“除之外， o的任何形式，不定式省略to。4. B。in any case意为“在任何情况下”；in case意为“以防万一，如果”；in no case意为“决不”；in that case意为“如果那样的话”。句意为“在你的包上写上名字和地址以防丢失”。5. A。“教授给你提的什么建议?”“择业”。“关于的建议”应用介词on。6. C。by hand意为“用手工”；with“用”, 表示使用的工具, 手段，如He hit it with a hammer. 7. B。against the wind“逆风”；on the right意为“在后边”；介词with与一个复合结构构成短语

25、，用作状语，说明状态、方式等。8. B。一般说来，between用于两者之间，among表示三者和三者以上之间。但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间的关系，适用于between. 如：The soldier is hidden between the trees. 在谈论事物间的差别时总是用between. 9. C。词组be popular with意为“受欢迎”，for“就而论，比较而言”。10. C。介词on意为“在之上，依附于”；in意为“(表场所，位置)在之内 / 上”in the tree 译为“在树上”。11. C。quarrel with sb. abou

26、t / over意为“和某人争论某事”。句意为“那个女人无论碰到什么事儿, 总是和别人争吵不休”。12. A。on the whole意为“总的来说；从总体上看”；generally speaking“一般说来”；above all意为“首先，最重要的”；on one hand意为“一方面”。句意为“这个月的天气基本上是好的” (from 13. B。divideinto和separatefrom都有“把分开”的意思。但前者指“把整体分成若干部分”，后者指“把连在一起的分开”。14. C。in, after这两个介词都可以用来表达“在若干时间之后”。in 可以用于将来时态或一般过去时态的句子中

27、；after 用于一般过去时，如果表示某时刻之后或某件事之后，则不受时态的限制。15. C。答语中的them指前一句的boxes。Give sb. a hand with sth. / in(at) doing sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”。英语介词专项练习题1( ) 1 Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays.A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on( ) 2 -There is nothing _tomorrow afternoon, is there?-No. We can hav

28、e a game of table tennis.A. on B. in C. out D. up( ) 3 A lot of students in our school were born_March, 1981.A. in B. at C. on D. since( ) 4 Tim suddenly returned_ a rainy night.A. on B. at C. in D. during( ) 5 My grandfather was born_Oct. 10, 1935.A. on B. in C. at D. of( ) 6 The train is starting_

29、five minutes.A. in B. at C. for D.still( ) 7 Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening.A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on2( ) 1 The population of the world has grown very fast _ four hundred years.A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past( ) 2 We returned to our hometown_.A.

30、 next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week( ) 3 Great changes have taken place_.A. in the last few year B. in the last few yearsC. last year D. on the last year3( ) 1 Children wake up very early_the morning of Christmas Day.A. in B. on C. for D. at( ) 2 _ a cold winter morning, I met her in the stfeet.A. In B. On C. At D. For( ) 3 It happened to be very cold_ the morning of our sports meet.A. at B. on C. with D. of( ) 4 Why did you get up so early _ this morning.A. on B. / C. at D. in4( ) 1 He we