1、语言学题目有答案资料范本 本资料为word版本,可以直接编辑和打印,感谢您的下载语言学题目有答案 地点:_时间:_说明:本资料适用于约定双方经过谈判,协商而共同承认,共同遵守的责任与义务,仅供参考,文档可直接下载或修改,不需要的部分可直接删除,使用时请详细阅读内容Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human _.A. contact B. communication C. relation D. community2. Which of
2、the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. tree B. typewriter C. crash D. bang3. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade.” is _.A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative4. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present
3、 are likely to say“碎碎(岁岁)平安”as a means of controlling the forces which they believes feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform?A. Interpersonal B. Emotive C. Performative D. Recreational5. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barrier
4、s caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation?A. Transferability B. Duality C. Displacement D. Arbitrariness6. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language? A nic
5、e day, isnt it? Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.A. Emotive B. Phatic C. Performative D. Interpersonal7. _ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language users knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances.A. Performance B. Competence C. Langue D. Parole8. When a dog is barking, you
6、 assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists hear and now. It couldnt be sorrowful for some lost love or lost bone. This indicates the design feature of _.A. cultural transmission B. productivity C. displacement D. duality9. _ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our
7、first language.A. Psycholinguistics B. Anthropological linguisticsC. Sociolinguistics D. Applied linguistics10. _ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. Linguistic theory B. Practical linguisticsC. Applied linguistics D. Comparative linguisticsII. Decide whether t
8、he following statements are true or false. (10%)11. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not language.12. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.13. Speaking is the quickest and most efficient way of the human communicati
9、on systems.14. Language is written because writing is the primary medium for all languages.15. We were all born with the ability to acquire language, which means the details of any language system can be genetically transmitted.16. Only human beings are able to communicate.17. F. de Saussure, who ma
10、de the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist.18. A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeares time is an example of the diachronic study of language.19. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.20. All t
11、he languages in the world today have both spoken and written forms.35. Why do people take duality as one of the important design features of human language? Can you tell us what language will be if it has no such design feature? (南开大学,2004)36. Why is it difficult to define language? (北京第二外国语大学,2004)
12、VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)37. How can a linguist make his analysis scientific? (青岛海洋大学,1999)15 BACCC 610 BACAC1115 FFTFF 1620 FFFFF31. Design feature: It refers to the defining properties of human language that tell the difference between human language and any system of animal commu
13、nication.32. Displacement: It means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts, which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication.33. Competence: It is an essential part of performance. It is the speakers knowledge of his or her language;
14、 that is, of its sound structure, its words, and its grammatical rules. Competence is, in a way, an encyclopedia of language. Moreover, the knowledge involved in competence is generally unconscious. A transformational-generative grammar is a model of competence.34. Synchronic linguistics: It refers
15、to the study of a language at a given point in time. The time studied may be either the present or a particular point in the past; synchronic analyses can also be made of dead languages, such as Latin. Synchronic linguistics is contrasted with diachronic linguistics, the study of a language over a p
16、eriod of time.35. Duality makes our language productive. A large number of different units can be formed out of a small number of elements for instance, tens of thousands of words out of a small set of sounds, around 48 in the case of the English language. And out of the huge number of words, there
17、can be astronomical number of possible sentences and phrases, which in turn can combine to form unlimited number of texts. Most animal communication systems do not have this design feature of human language.If language has no such design feature, then it will be like animal communicational system wh
18、ich will be highly limited. It cannot produce a very large number of sound combinations, e.g. words, which are distinct in meaning.36. It is difficult to define language, as it is such a general term that covers too many things. Thus, definitions for it all have their own special emphasis, and are n
19、ot totally free from limitations.37. It should be guided by the four principles of science: exhaustiveness, consistency, economy and objectivity and follow the scientific procedure: form hypothesis collect data check against the observable facts come to a conclusion.1. Pitch variation is known as _
20、when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A. intonation B. tone C. pronunciation D. voice2. Conventionally a _ is put in slashes (/ /).A. allophone B. phone C. phoneme D. morpheme3. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are _ of the p phoneme.A. analogues B. tagmemes C. morphemes D.
21、allophones4. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as _.A. glottis B. vocal cavity C. pharynx D. uvula5. The diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as _ diphthongs.A. wide B. closing C. narrow D. centering6. A phoneme is a group of
22、similar sounds called _.A. minimal pairs B. allomorphs C. phones D. allophones7. Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?A. Acoustic phonetics B. Articulatory phoneticsC. Auditory phonetics D. None of the above8. Which one is different from the others according to places o
23、f articulation?A. n B. m C. b D. p9. Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?A. i: B. u C. e D. i 10. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?A. Voiceless B. Voiced C. Glottal stop D. ConsonantII. Decide whether the following sta
24、tements are true or false. (10%)11. Suprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.12. The air stream provided by the lungs has to undergo a number of modification to acquire the quality of a speec
25、h sound.13. Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word, but merely a different pronunciation.14. p is a voiced bilabial stop.15. Acoustic phonetics is concerned with the
26、 perception of speech sounds.16. All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda.17. When pure vowels or monophthongs are pronounced, no vowel glides take place.18. According to the length or tenseness of the pronunciation, vowels can be divided into tense vs. lax
27、 or long vs. short.19. Received Pronunciation is the pronunciation accepted by most people.20. The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the coda rather than the onset.35. What is acoustic phonetics?(中国人民大学,2003)36. What are the differences bet
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