新外研版初三下讲义重要知识点.docx

1、新外研版初三下讲义重要知识点Module 1：Travel 重点单词/短语direct, succeed, exactly, because of, as long as, take care, take off重点句型1. The train was full of people, and I had to stand for over three hours.2. Its the busiest season in China because of the Spring Festival.3. But the pilot succeeded in landing on time.语法复习名

2、词；冠词；数词Unit 11. flight 航班。E.g. Flight No. CA169 will take off. Please go to Gate 10. 2. We toured the city by bus and by taxi.【tour旅行；tourism侧重指旅游业；tourist游客。】-journey主要指单程较远距离的海、陆、空“旅行”，表示“去旅行”时，英语该说go on a journey，而不说go to a journey。I am planning go on a journey. A pleasant journey to you.祝你一路平安。-

3、travel一般指到国外或远方旅行，它同journey不同之处，在于不着重某一目的地，有到各地“游历”的意思，作名词时常用复数形式。He has just returned from his travels.他刚刚旅行回来。-trip常指短距离的，直达目的地的旅行，在日常用语中，trip可与journey通用。He went on a trip journey to Paris. -tour“旅行，周游，观光”，主要目的地是游览或视察，距离可长可短，常带有“最后回到出发地”的含义。He is making a tour of the world.3. 表示“到达”get to = reach

4、= arrive in/at后面接表示地点的名词。arrive表示到达城市、国家等大地方时，其后用介词in；表示到达村庄等小地方时，用介词at。reach可以接表示地点的副词。get to后面接这些副词，要去掉to。arrive in/at后面接地点副词，应去掉in/at。【地点副词：home, here, there】He reached home at half past eight last night. =He got/arrived there at half past eight last night. 注意：如果动词之后不指到达什么地方时,一般只用arrive, 不用reach和

5、get to。When we arrived, it was raining hard. 4. The train was full of people, and I had to stand for over three hours!火车里挤满了人，我不得不站了3个多小时！1) *be filled with 意为“装满，充满”，是“fillwith的被动结构，相当于be full of. fillwith“意为“用把装满”。The schoolbag is filled with books.= The schoolbag is full of books.2) have to意为“不得不

6、，必须“。have to侧重客观上的“必须，不得不”有的时态变化否定形式是havent to或dont have to/doesnt have to, 表示“不必”。He had to give up the plan.must侧重主观上的“必须”可用来表示现在，无时态变化直接在其后加not变为否定形式，表示“禁止”。I must go to school now.5. Well, its the busiest season in China because of the Spring Festival. 哦，因为春节，它是中国最繁忙的季节。because of介词短语其后接名词、代词、名词

7、性短语等He cant go to school because he is ill today. =He cant go to school because his being ill. =He cant go to school because his illness. *because连词后跟句子，是主句的直接原因6. But the pilot succeeded in landing on time. 不过飞行员成功地按时着陆了。【*succeed动词，意为“成功”。succeed in doing sth.意为“成功做成某事”。The boy succeeded in workin

8、g out the maths problem. 这个男孩成功地解出了这道数学题。1) success用作可数名词时，意为“成功的人或事”；用作不可数名词时，意为“成功”，其反义词为failure.The meeting is a success. Failure is the mother of success.2) successful形容词，意为“成功的”。My uncle is a successful business man.3) successfully作副词，意为“成功地”. He successfully solved the problem.】7. Then we took

9、 a boat to Lantau Island. It was great fun.【take a /the boat to 坐船去.。fun n. 乐趣；娱乐活动；嬉闹；有趣的事；adj. 使人愉快的；开心的。用法详解：1. Its fun后接不定式或动名词均可，意思基本相同。如：Its great fun sailing a boat.= Its great fun to sail a boat. 2.表示做某事很开心，可用have (there is) fun (in) doing sth。如：We had fun riding our bicycles to the beach to

10、day. 我们今天骑自行车去海滨玩得很开心。3.*以下各例中的fun虽用作表语，但仍为不可数名词，而非形容词，故可用great, much, a lot of等形容词修饰，而不用very等副词修饰。如：Why not come with us? Itll be great fun. 拓展：fun和funny区别：funny表示“有趣的，滑稽的”，它指的是一种滑稽可笑的“有趣”，侧重点是让人觉得好玩或发笑。而 fun 则主要指“有趣，好玩”，不像funny 那样强调“滑稽”。例句：We had a fun night in the club. Thats the funniest joke Iv

11、e ever heard.】8. Last weekend, we took a tour by coach to the Summer Palace, and went for a long walk around the lake.【take a tour旅行；by coach乘客车；the Summer Palace 颐和园；go for a long walk去散步】9. *Wed better get back to work. 但现在，我们最好回去学习。d better是had better的缩略形式，had better意为“最好”，后跟动词原形。用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示

12、一种愿望。had better的否定式是将not直接放在had better的后面。Youd better not play football every day.】10. *at the end of 在末/尽头(一般过去式或一般将来时)区别by the end of 到为止 (过去完成时或将来完成时)。-by the end到/在最后，表示到那时候，常常可以根据语境、时态看出。by the end of后一般跟完成时态。E.g. By the end of last month, I had learned 200 English words. -in the end在最后，一般表示结果，

13、强调的就是结果。E.g. I was saved in the end.。 -finally指一系列事物或论点的顺序，用来引出最后一项内容。finally既可指时间位置（相当于at last和in the end），也可指时间的先后顺序。E.g. Finally, Id like to thank you all for your coming.（不能用at last） -at the end of用于表示在时间或地点的尽头。E.g. The school is situated at the end of the street. Well have an exam in English at

14、 the end of January. -on the end of表示在某个物品的端头，如说在桌子的另一端头。11. Theres nothing to worry about as long as you work hard. 只要你努力学习，没什么好担心的。【as long as意为“只要”，与so long as同义，用于引导条件状语从句。As long as you need me, Ill stay. as long as还可以意为“与一样长久”，在否定句中，也可说成(not)so long as. He didnt stay there as/so long as sth.】1

15、2. And after the exam, theres the school-leavers party.考试过后，有毕业典礼。【school-leaver毕业生*注意：用连字符作定语，以及名词所有格“s”。】13. Were all looking forward to it!我们都期盼着它！【look forward to 意为“期待，盼望”，其中to是介词，其后跟名词、代词或ving做宾语，不跟动词原形。】14. When do you think the conversation takes place?你认为对话发生在什么时候？【do you think为插入语，在考虑句子结构时

16、，插入语可忽略。】15. According to Lingling, why is travel so difficult in winter?据玲玲说，在冬季旅行为什么如此困难？【according to意为“根据，按照”。According to the weather report, we shall have cold weather next week.】16. fly direct = go without stopping at a place去没有停在一个地方【without介词，意为“没有；不用”，反义词是with. without之后出现动词时要用其动名词形式。She e

17、ntered the room without knocking.】17. *manage动词，意为“经营；应付；管理”。常用短语：manage to do sth.“设法做成某事”。She managed to make herself understood in English. 她努力用英语表达自己的意思。1) manage后接名词或动词不定式作宾语，不接动名词。manage to do sth.暗含succeed in doing sth.之意， 指“（经过努力和克服困难之后）将某事坐成”，即经过努力达到了目的，重点在于结果。He managed to finish the work

18、on time.2) try后接动词不定式或动名词作宾语。其后接动词不定式，表示“努力做某事”强调尽力做某事（但不一定成功）；后接动名词时，表示“试着做某事”。She will try to learn English. We shall try using another method.Unit 218. say goodbye to each other相互道别19. take care.此处意为“保重”，为道别时的用语。还意为“注意；当心”。20. Ill miss them.【拓展：miss sth.或miss doing sth.错过做某事，没能做某事】21. Youve taken

19、 the wrong seat.你坐错了座位。22. Oh, I see the problem.哦，我看出问题了。23. Thats very good of you 你太好了。24. Li Lin goes past people standing in the train to Car 9.【现在分词短语standing in the train作后置定语，修饰前面的名词people。现在分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语；也可以放在被修饰的名词之后，成为后置定语。Make less noise. Theres a sleeping child. 不要制造太多

20、噪音，有个孩子在睡觉。I know a person working in that factory.我认识一个在那家工厂干活的人。】25. He is surprised to see Li Lin. 看到李林他非常惊讶。【surprised形容词，意为“感到惊讶的，出人意料的”。 be surprised 后接从句或不定式。be surprised at意为“对感到惊讶”。】surprised形容词在句中多作表语，其后常接动词不定式或从句，主语一般是人I was surprised at your words.surprising形容词意为“令人吃惊的”，在句中多作定语，后接名词，也可作表

21、语，主语一般是物He told me some surprising news.surprise名词意为“使（某人）惊奇或吃惊”To their surprise, the boy won.动词意为“惊奇；意外”The bad news didnt surprise them.26. Its great to see you. 此句结构是“It is+形容词+to do sth.”,意为“做某事是的”。动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将动词不定式放在谓语或表语之后。如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可在动词不定式前加一个for/of引起的短语，作动词不定式的逻辑主语。for sb.

22、：常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, important。of sb.：一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。*简单一句话说就是：说人的用of sb.说事的用for sb.。27. *And so am I !我也是！【so am I是倒装句。“so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”这一倒装结构用来表示前面所陈述的情况也适用于后者，意为“也一样”。He is tall. So am I. Lucy like

23、s to listen to music. So do I. 1) 当后者和前者都表达否定的观点时，用“either/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”结构，意为“也不”。Tom never goes to concerts, and neither does his wife.2) “so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”用来表示赞成前一说话者所说的内容，可译为“是的/对/的确如此”。-It was very cold yesterday. - So it was.28. Now, take off your jacket. Sit down and make yourself c

24、omfortable.【take off意为“脱掉；起飞；模仿；突然成功”。 make用作及物动词，意为“使；让”，在主动语态中其后要跟不带to的动词不定式宾语补足语，而在被动语态中，to不能省去。Dont make the baby cry anymore. She was made to wait for over an hour.】29. Because he is too tired to move. 1) tooto结构可用enough to句式改写。enough前的形容词或副词须是too后面形容词或副词的反义词；enough to句式须用否定句。 She is too young

25、to do the work.-She isnt old enough to do the work. 2) tooto结构可用sothat句式改写。sothat结构是复合句，so后接形容词或副词，that后接从句，且要用否定形式。She is too young to go to school. = She is so young that she cant go to school.30. When Li Lin gets on the train, he sees an elderly man sitting in his seat.当李林上了火车时，他看到一位老人坐在他的座位上。【*s

26、ee V12 +宾语+v/ving/done】see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事强调动作正在进行I saw him repairing his bike.see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事强调看见动作的全过程I saw him repair his bike.31. Li Lin kindly offers to change seats with the elderly man, and goes to Car 9.李林友好地主动与老人换座，去了9车厢。【*offer动词，意为“（主动）提出（愿意做某事）”。offer to do sth.意为“主动提出做某事

27、”。The kids offered to do the dishes after supper. 1) offer sth.提出，提供 Johnson offered a new suggestion. 约翰逊提出了一个新建议。2) offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth. 向某人提供某物 They decided to offer the job to Mike. = They decided to offer Mike the job.3) offer也可作名词，意为“主动提议， 建议”。You ought to accept the offer. 你应该接受这

28、个提议。】Unit 332. Make sure you get to the airport in time for your plane.确保你几时到达机场赶上你的航班。【make sure + of/that。in time及时；on time准时】33. Please take your seat.请就座。34. *Sam went with Jane to railway station to see her off.【see sb. off送行= send off】35. Please have your tickets ready.请准备好你们的票。36. They cannot

29、 arrive there on time because of the bad weather.因为糟糕的天气，他们不能按时到达那里。37. Everyone in China is looking forward to seeing their family members during the Spring Festival.春节期间，在中国人人都盼望看到他们的家人。38. The journey was full of exciting experiences.旅行充满了令人兴奋的经历。39. You will be safe as long as you drive carefull

30、y.只要你小心驾驶，你将会是安全的。40. For twenty-seven years, passengers travelled across the Atlantic Ocean on this plane.1) across介词，表示动作是在物体的表面上或沿着某一条线的方向进行的， 从一端到另一端， 如过河、过桥、过马路等。Go across the bridge, and youll find the park. 2) through介词，表示从某一范围的一端到另一端，动作是在立体空间进行，常指穿过沙漠、森林、窗户等。 The river runs through the city.

31、 3) cross动词，意为“穿过，横过”，相当于go across. The old man is crossing the road.41. It flew faster than the speed at which the earth goes around. 句式分析步骤：先将定语从句还原成两个简单句子为：It flew faster than the speed. The earth goes around at the speed.、然后合并两个简单句子为：It flew faster than the speed which the earth goes around at.最后将介词at放置于先行词和引导词之间，就是原文的句子了。42. However, the plane had many problems.however副词可位于句首、句末或句中用逗号与句子隔开but连词位于句首或句中后面连接一个句子时无需用逗号43. be bad for对有害；stop doing停止做某事；decide to do决定做某事；try to do设法做某事；freezing weather极冷的天气Module 2 Education重点单词/短语absent, socia