上海中考英语介词讲解和练习一对一教案.docx

1、上海中考英语介词讲解和练习一对一教案上海中考英语介词讲解和练习-一对一教案介 词别看介词是一种虚词，它在句中的作用却非常重要。它用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系，介词不能单独使用。常考点包括一些固定搭配和一些近义词。固定搭配如：on ones way home,help.with,send for,be interested in., be late for, be angry with, be good at等。当然这需要你好好记忆了。一.表示时间的介词1. in, on, at在(之时) in与年、季节、月、年代、世纪及一般(泛指)的早、中、晚等较长时间的词连用eg： in summer在夏

2、天； in January在1月；in 2012 在2012年； in the morning在早上 in the 21st century on用于具体的某日或某特定日期的早、中、晚。 如：on August 8th在8月8日； on Monday在星期一； on New Years Day；on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早晨；on Sunday afternoon在星期天下午。 at表示某一时刻。 如：at 510pm 在下午510; at the beginning of在开始时； at last 最后 at the end of.在的末尾；at the age of.在

3、岁时； at noon在中午；at the same time在同时。at night在晚上；2. in, after 在之后 “in 时间段”用于将来时之中；“after时间段”用于过去时态之中；“after时间点”既可用于将来时也可用于过去时。如： Jim will go to Beijing in five days. 吉姆五天后会去北京。Jim went to Beijing after five days. 五天后，吉姆去了北京。Jim will go to Beijing after five oclock. 吉姆会在五点钟后去北京。3. for, since for可以指过去、现

4、在或将来，着重说明“多久”， 后面接时间段。since意为“自从起”，多与完成时连用，后面接时间点或从句。since引导的从句通常为一般过去时。如：He has lived here for 2 weeks. / He has lived here since 2 weeks ago. Its five years since he left school. 4. after, behind 在之后 after主要用于表示时间；behind主要用于表示位置。如：You should take a walk after dinner. /The picture is behind the doo

5、r. 5.for和of：of之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏，人自身的特点，如聪明与否，细心与粗心等；for之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点，如可能性，必然性，难易程度等。试比较：Its impossible for me to watch TV after eleven oclock. Its kind of you to help me.二.表示地理位置的介词1. in, on, to1).in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系) 2).on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系) 3).to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系) Shanghai is in the east of Chi

6、na. 上海在中国东部Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国东面。in front of 表示在外部的前面in the front of 表示在里面的前面2.at/in/on1)at 接小地点或较具体的位置”。at home/ at the station 如：He arrived at school at 8 oclock. 2)in 接在大地点 in China; in the world ; He arrived in Wenzhou yesterday. （较大地点）3)on 表在一个平面上 on the farm3. above, over,

7、on 在上above 指在上方，表相对高度，不强调是否垂直，与 below相对；The bird is flying above my head. 鸟在我的头上飞。over指在正上方，表垂直的高度，与under相对；There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。on表示某物体上面并与之接触。如：There is a book on the desk. 4. below, under 在下面 ； under表示“在正下方”； below表示“在下，不一定在正下方”。如： There is a dog under the desk./ Please write

8、your name below the line. 5in front of / in the front of （1）.in the front of 表示在.内部的前面 ；（2）.in front of 表示在外面的前面 There is a desk in _ front of our classroom . There is a big tree in _ front of our classroom.三.表运动方向和位置的介词 1. across / through / over / by 经过across 指横穿,穿过. 表示动作从某一物体表面上经过.through 指穿过,透过,

9、表示从某一物体空间内通过.over 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触. by/past 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.Can you swim _ the river ? / The elephant is so big that it cant go _ the gate . I dont think anyone can jump _ the fence. / I walked _ the bank of China yesterday .2. between, among between指在两个人或两个事物之间；There is a bank between the post

10、 office and the police station. among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间eg:The teacher is standing among the students. 3 . in, into, out of1in：在里面，用于表示静止的位置。Her mother works in the hospital. into：进入，用于表示有特定终点的运动方向，经常与表示动作的动词连用如,come, go, run, rush等。The child ran into his mothers arms. 这小孩跑进了它妈妈的怀里 out of：从里出来，与into一样，

11、也表示有一定的运动方向。如： All the children rushed out of the classroom when the bell rang. 四.表示方式的介词 with / in / by 表示 “用”1.with 表示 “用” 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人体器官. He cut the apple into halves _ a knife . He came in _ a big smile on his face . 注: with 表伴随, “带有,含有” A man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks2.in a)表

12、示用某种语言,方式,途径. 或书写/绘画所用的材料. Can you say it _English ? / He wrote a letter _ blue ink b)以方式in this way 用这种方法 behave in a polite way c)也可表交通方式 travel in a car d)“穿着” in red穿红色的衣服3.by a)表示乘坐交通工具 travel by bus b)以方式、方法或手段 I study for a test _ working with a group . 4. on a)通过 study on the air/radio通过广播学习

13、 b)乘坐on a bus/ on a bike注意: 1).by phone = on the phone 2).by car = in a car 3).in pen = with a pen 目的介词 for , to for表示“为了.” to 表示动作对象, “对, 向.” 如: He would do anything for his motherland. Did you mention this to my father? for 表示“就某情况而说 ”, to 表示一“对某对象而言”如：Its quite warm today for February.就二月的天气，今天够暖

14、和的。What he told you just now was not new to me五范围介词in 在里边 in our class between 在两者之间 between usamong 在三者或三者以上的中间 among students六介词词组辨析1. on the tree /in the tree on the tree 表示树上长的东西. in the tree 表示人或物在树上. There are some apples _ the tree ./ There is a boy _ the tree.2in the wall /on the wall in the

15、 wall 表示“嵌在墙上” on the wall 表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上” a picture the wall the window the wall 3. .except / besides / except for/ but besides 除了。之外还有（包括后者，常与other、also等词连用。）look for look after run after send for enter for pay for showaround listen to arrive in / at get to, agree with succeed in think of (about),.

16、八.不用介词的情况:1.当时间状为: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等时,不用介词. What are you going to do tonight ?2.含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等时间状语. He went to Wuhan last week .3.以all 开头的时间状语前面不用介词. He has worked all day .4.以some ,any, one 等构成的时间状语前不用介词. He met a bad man one cold morning .=

17、 He met a bad man a cold morning .实战练习： 1On my visit to Australia, I feel Australians are similar _ us in many ways.A.with B.in C.to D.at2Sydney Opera House _ a usual theatre and it symbolizes Australia.A.likes B.doesnt like C.isnt like D.looks like3 Kelly, whos the girl _ glasses in the photo? Its

18、me. I used to wear glasses and have long hair.A. by B. of C. on D. with4Michael would like to travel _ the world instead of staying _ home during the winter holiday.A. to; at B. around; for C. in; at D. around; at5I couldnt do it _ your great help. Thanks a lot!A. with B. without C. for D. to6It is

19、reported that a lot of adults take lessons online _further education.A. after B. to C. with D. for7- Where are Diaoyu Islands?- Look, they are here, in the east of China, Taiwan Province.A. in B. near C. before D. aroun8My sister has learnt English .A. for twelve years ago B. since she was four C. t

20、welve years ago D. at the age of four9The workers will build a new railroad_ the two cities.A. since B. between C. as D. during10Is your father _ home?No，hes working late _ the office.A. on B. at C. of D. to11Was Kevin born_October, 1999?No, he wasnt. He was bom_November 3rd, 1998.A. in; in B. in; o

21、n C. on; on D. on; in12. Why do you always go to Lanzhou University on weekends? Because therere lots of great speakers I can practice English _ in the English Corner there.A. with B. to C. on D. about13.The 20th World Cup will be held in Brazil _ June 12 _ July 13, 2018. A. in; to B. in; to C. at;

22、from D. from; to14. Thats too dear. Have you got_? A. cheaper something B. everything cheaper C. cheaper anything D. anything cheaper15.The boy is very strong. He can swim _ the wide river several times.A. over B. across C. along D. between16The Great Wall _ all over the world . A. is being known B.

23、 was known C. has known D. is known 17Its reported that the Chinese government provides free milk powder (奶粉) children in poor areas.A.with B. for C. to D. By18.Why _ shopping at once? A. dont go B. not go to C. didint go D. not go 19.Its dangerous a close look at the tiger in the zoo.A. for us taki

24、ng B. of us to take C. of us taking D. for us to take20. Do you usually come to school _ foot or _- bike? A. by . by B. on. on C. on . by D. by . on 21. -when was Jim born? -_July, 18,1978. A.on B.at C. in D.to 22. WeiFang bought a new pen at a shop _ her way home. A. on B. at C. in D. to 23. Dont t

25、ell anybody about it. Keep it a secret _ you and me. A. among B. between C. in D. with 24. The teacher will be back _ an hour. A. in B. after C. of D. at 25. - How long have you been in Beijing ? -Ive been here _ 1989. A. in B.since C.on D.for 26. The twins are _ interested in Chinese food. A. all B

26、. both C. neither D. each27. Here is a letter _ you. Its _your aunt. A. to. for B. for. to C. from . to D. for . from28They arrived Shanghai a cold morning.A. in: in B. in: on C. at: on D. at: in29 - Will they send their homework _ the teacher _ e-mail ?- -Yes , they will. A. to , by. B. at,with C.

27、for ,by D. by , to30 Was your daughter born _ Beijing ? Yes , she was born there _ the morning of June 2 nd .A. in, in B. at , on C. at, in D. in , on.31There is a garden _ the house _ the playground . A. both and B. between from C. Between and32-Why do you always sleep _?-Because Im afraid of the d

28、ark. A. by yourself B. with the door open C. with the window open D. with the light on33She has many nice dresses. She wears a different one every day _ the week. A. of B. from C. at D. for 34Sandy is a real book lover and she often brings home many books to read the libraryA.in B.for C.by D.from35T

29、he chemicals in the vegetables and fruit are bad_ our healthA. from B.with C.of D.for36Wow! Ten students in our class will celebrate their fourteenth birthdays_ October!A.in B.on C.at D.to37Can you help me _ my homework?A. of B.with C. to D. for38When were you born?I was born _ April 23, 1979.A. on B. in C. at D. to39-How long have you lived in the new flat?-_ 2010.A. In B. After C. Since D. Before40. It is _ hot in Nanjing in summer. A. too much B. much too C. much more D. so much41