10Unit4DiogenesandAlexander教案讲义.docx

1、10Unit4DiogenesandAlexander教案讲义10-Unit-4-Diogenes-and-Alexander-教案讲义Unit 4一、授课时间：第8、9周二授课类型：理论课9课时；实践课3课时三授课题目：Diogenes and Alexander四授课时数：12五教学目的和要求：通过讲授课文使大学生了解有关犬儒哲学的有关知识，学会用英语解释句子以达到学以致用的目的。要求学生主动地预习课文，课前准备练习，学会分析文章体裁和进行段落划分。六教学重点和难点：1）背景知识的传授：Diogenes and Cynicism (doggishness)；2）文章的体裁分析及段落划分；3

2、）语言点的理解：Word study: account; possess; form; roll; elaborateGrammar Focus: The function of adverbial modifier in different sentences; Patterns: the first/second, ect./the next/last+to-infinitive; the first, ect. + who/that clause七教学基本内容和纲要Part One Warm up1.1 Warm-up Questions1.2 Define the following

3、words and phrasesPart Two Background Information2.1 Differences and similarities between Diogenes and AlexanderPart Three Text Appreciation3.1 Text Analysis3.1.1 Theme of the text 3.1.2 Structure of the text3.2 Writing Devices3.2.1 Contrast3.2.2 Developing paragraphs by examples3.2.3 Other ways of d

4、eveloping paragraphs?3.3 Sentence ParaphrasePart Four Language Study4.1 Phrases and Expressions 4.1.1 Word list:4.1.2 Phrases and expressions list: 4.1.3 Word Building4.2 Grammar 4.2.1 Object Part Five Extension5.1 Group discussion八、教学方法和措施本单元将运用黑板、粉笔、多媒体网络辅助教学设备等教学手段，主要采用以学生为主体、教师为主导的任务型、合作型等教学模式，具

5、体运用教师讲授法、师生讨论、生生讨论等方法进行教学。九作业，讨论题，思考题完成课后练习；多看英语报刊杂志及英语经典小说，扩大阅读量；精听与泛听相结合，逐步提高自己的听力水平；积极参加英语角等有助于提高英语口语的活动；坚持用英语写日记；做一些专四相关练习；十参考资料：1)杨立民主编,现代大学英语精读（3）第二版，学生用书。北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2012。2)杨立民主编,现代大学英语精读（3）第二版，教师用书。北京：外语教学与研究出版社,2012。Unit 4 Diogenes and AlexanderPart One Warm up1.1 Warm-up Questions1. What

6、 does the author tell us about Diogenes? Who was he? What was his philosophy? What did he think was the problem with people? How did he intend to help them? What were the key values he promoted? How, in his opinion, could we find true happiness?2. What does the author tell us about Alexander? What d

7、id this king have in common with Diogenes, the beggar? Why was Alexander considered a man of destiny?3. How would you contrast the two characters? Why did Alexander decide to visit Diogenes? What did Diogenes really mean when he said that Alexander was blocking the sunlight?1.2 Define the following

8、words and phrases 1. a mischievous pebble 2. elaborate3. by design 4. restrained5. chivalrousPart Two Background Information2.1 Differences and similarities between Diogenes and Alexander1. Who was Diogenes? A beggarA philosopherA missionary2. Doctrine: Cynicism the doctrine that scorned worldly nee

9、ds and pleasures and held that virtue was the key to the only good3. Cynicism in modern sense: the belief of a cynic, who maintains that people are all motivated by selfishness, that no one will help others for good and sincere reasons4. What are the major tenets (principles) of Cynicism? Do you fin

10、d any expressions of these principles in the text?self-sufficiencyshamelessnessoutspokennessperfection of virtue5. AlexanderMacedonian King: son of PhilipThe Thinker: student of AristotleThe Conqueror: Greece, Asia, EgyptWhy do you think he wanted to bring so many regions under his rule?the Great Em

11、pire Part Three Text Appreciation3.1 Text Analysis3.1.1 Character AnalysisDiogenes: the beggar (paras. 1-3)Diogenes: a free manOther people: half-menSheltercask, a storage jar made of earthenwarea house (big, with many rooms)Furniturenonebeds, chairs, etc. (elaborate)Dressblanket (half-naked)clothes

12、 (expensive)Foodbits of food begged from others, drinking from his hollowed handselaboratePossessionsnonehorses, servants, bank accounts (anxious)Nature of the lifea life by choice, out of principle natural, healthy, independent a life as slaves of their possessions artificial, anxious, loss of virt

13、ueThere are contrasts within the broad contrast. How did Diogenes contrast with ordinary homeless people?Diogenes: the philosopher (para. 4)“A Socrates gone mad”: repositioning of convention below nature and reasonThree key principles:living in accord with naturetotal disregard of conventionindepend

14、ence (freedom) being the only true, lasting goodDiogenes: the missionary (para. 5)Comparison with ordinary hermitsSimilarities: Both grew tired of human society with its complications and wanted to live simply.Differences:hermitswent away to live simplyon a small farm, in a quiet village or a caveDi

15、ogeneshad a sense of mission, deliberately chose to live in the busy streets in Athens or Corinth, in order to convert people What was his mission?“to restamp the currency”call people back to the natural way of lifetrue lifeDiogenes: ways of teaching (para. 6)How did Diogenes differ from other philo

16、sophers of his time?Plato: taught his private pupils in his Academy, which he founded as one of the earliest centers of advanced learning in the world. Aristotle: taught his own private pupils by the use of laboratory, instruments, and specimens.Diogenes: taught all those who would care to listen by

17、 his own example or by taking people around him for examples. He carried a lighted lamp in broad daylight and inspected the face of everyone he met.“When you are all so busy, I feel I ought to do something!”Alexander: citizen of the world (paras. 11-13)1. King: different from other Macedonians drink

18、ing?women?fighting?2. Thinker: Aristotles pupil, he learned culturephilosophyprinciples of scientific research3. Conquerortook command of the League of Greek Statescommander-in-chief of a new expedition against old, rich, corrupt AsiaThe Dramatic Encounter (paras. 14-17)The differences and similarit

19、ies between the two historical characters. DifferencesDiogenes Alexander Physical appearancelying on the bare earth, shoeless, bearded, half-naked, like a beggar, a doghandsome face, fiery glance, strong body, purple and gold cloak, air of destinyIdentificationphilosopher, missionarygreat monarch, c

20、onquerorStatuslow, treated with contempt and disapproval high, treated with respect, greeted with a bow and acclamationPossessions & Powernone, rejecting possession or powerland and absolute powerMission“restamp the currency”: to call people back to the simple and natural lifetrue valuebring people

21、of the whole world to the light of civilizationSimilarities 1.Both were great thinkers.2.Both had a sense of mission.3.Both were “citizens of the world,” admiring the heroic figure of Hercules, who labored for mankind.4.Both were free. 3.1.2 Structure of the textParas. 1-10Diogenes (life, philosophy

22、, mission, ways of teaching)Paras. 11-13Alexander (a philosopher king with an inquiring, noble mind)Paras. 14-17their dramatic encounterRelevant questions:1. Question: What do you know about the historical background of the people discussed in the essay?2. Question: What does the essay tell us about

23、 Diogenes and Alexander?3. Question: What is a possible reason for an author to take the time to write an essay like this describing people who are long dead and gone?4.Question: How is the essay structured?5. Question: Try to find more information about these two historical figures to share with yo

24、ur classmates.6. Question: Underline the parts of the text that you find particularly well-put and interesting.7. Question: Be ready to give comments on the essay.3.2 Writing Devices1 Comparison & Contrast examplesuse transitional words or expressions to make comparison and achieve unity: not so (pa

25、ra. 5), the otherbut for (para. 6)He was one, but not the other. (para.1)Not so Diogenes. (para. 5)But for Diogenes, (para.6)Alexander was far older and wiser than his years. (para. 12)Like all Macedonians he loved (para. 12)he was a magnificent commander, but he was not merely a military automaton.

26、 (para.12)Only Diogenes, although he lived in Corinth, did not visit the new monarch. (para.13)Diogenes merely sat upDiogenes said nothing. (para. 14)He understood Cynicism as the others could not. (para. 17)Like Diogenes, he admired (para. 17)who labored to help mankind while all others toiled (par

27、a.17)use transitional paragraph to achieve coherence2. Parallelism achieve increased strength, sounding more powerful, more effective, e.g. para. 143. Euphemism e.g. done his business, natural acts4. Transferred Epitheta figure of speech that carries the modifier across and puts it on to another wor

28、d which is not normally modified by it, so as to stress the emotions or feelingse.g. a mischievous pebble (para. 1) (It is Diogenes, not the pebble, that is mischievous.); amazed silence (para. 17) (It is the crowd, not the silence, that is amazed.)5. Analogye.g. drawing a parallel between “change t

29、he values” and “restamp the currency” (para. 5)3.3 Sentence Paraphrase1. Sometimes they threw bits of food, and got scant thanks; sometimes a mischievous pebble, and got a shower of stones and abuse. (para. 1)Sometimes people would throw bits of food to him, but he hardly thanked them at all. Someti

30、mes they would throw a pebble at him for fun, but get a shower of stones and a stream of abuse in return. 2. His lifes aim was clear to him: it was “to restamp the currency”: to take the clean metal of human life, to erase the old false conventional markings, and to imprint it with its true values.

31、(para. 5)His purpose in life was clear to him: it was “to reprint the coins.” Human life can be taken as the clean coins which are imprinted with false markings. He was to remove the false markings and print the true values on it. In other words, his aim in life was to call on people to reject the false, conventional way of life and return to the simple and natural life. 3. He had done his business like a dog at the roadside.He had emptied his bowels or passed water lik