教研课题中考4种时态.docx

1、教研课题中考4种时态中考英语常考4种时态用法归纳及习题汇总概述： 英语中的时态千变万化，令人眼花缭乱，因此掌握各种时态的构成和用法是学好英语的关键。中考英语试题常对常见的七大时态进行考察，尤其是一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时和一般过去时更为重要，是考试的重点。下面分别介绍中考常考的4种时态的构成及用法，并对常考题，易错题，冲刺题进行汇总。1、一般现在时一般现在时是英语中最基本的时态，表示经常，反复发生的动作和行为，或者习惯性的动作或行为，或是普遍真理，而不强调动作在说话时正在发生。（1）构成一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，则在动词原形后加-s或-es。（2）用法1、表

2、示经常或习惯性的动作，常与often, always, sometimes, every day, on Sundays/Mondays等表示频率的时间状语连用。eg:I get up at six oclock every day.He often goes to school by bike.2、表示主语具备的性格，能力和特征。eg:He knows not only English, but also Japanese.She looks like her sister.3、表示现在的状态。Children love to play this game.He lives in the c

3、enter of the town.4、表示客观事实、普遍真理。eg:Light travels faster than sound.5、在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。eg:If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go for a picnic by the riverside.Please tell her about it as soon as she comes back.6、表示预先计划或安排好的将来行为。eg:The new semester starts on September 1st.When does the tra

4、in leave ?7、在小说或故事中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。eg:He runs faster and faster, but his father doesnt want to stop him. 8、有些表示状态和感觉的动词，如be, love, like, want, hope, need, know, understand, remember, feel, think, fit, look, see, hear, find, suggest, have 等，表示现在发生的具体行为时，只用一般现在时，而不用进行时态。eg:Do you know what I mean ?I sti

5、ll remember that day when you were here.9、表示现在发生的具体动作或存在的状态。eg:Here comes the bus. （3）专项突破练习题1、We will go for a picnic if it_tomorrow.A wasnt rain B doesnt rain C wont rain D wasnt raining 2-Can you tell me_?-He is in the library. A where Jack was B where is Jack C where Jack is D where was Jack 3.

6、I like soft and gentle music. It _nice. A is sounded B sounded C sounds D sounding 4.-_do you hang out with your friends? -Once a week. A How long B How many C How soon D How often 5/ Our teachers always give us good advice. We should follow_.A what they say B what they said C which they say D which

7、 they said 6.-Is there a flight to Moscow? -Yes. It_ at 11：30 am. A will leave B leaves C has left D left 7. -Do you often go to the gym? -No_.I dont like sports at all. A always B never C sometimes D usually 8.-What do you do? -I am an engineer. I _in a company in Wuhan. I like my job very much. A

8、will work B had worked C work D worked 9.-What about the pen you bought yesterday? -It _well, I like it very much. A was written B is written C wrote D writes 10. David often_ to the movies on weekends. He likes action movies. A went B will go C goes D was going 答案：BCCDA BBCDC2、现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生

9、的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。(1)构成谓语动词：be (am,is are)+ V-ing（2）用法1、正在发生或一直发生的动作。eg:He is watching TV all day. We are having class now. 2、表示一种感情色彩。eg:How are you doing today?3、瞬间动词（come, go, leave, arrive）用现在进行时表示将来。eg:Im coming. She is leaving for Shanghai.（3）句式结构1、肯定句：主语+be (am,is are)+ V-ing+其它eg

10、:Andy is watching TV now.2、否定句：主语+be (am,is are)+ not + V-ing +其它eg:Andy isnt watching TV now.3、一般疑问句：Be (am,is are)+主语+ V ing +其它？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+be 否定回答：No, 主语+be + not eg: Is Andy watching TV now ? Yes, he is. No, he isnt.4、特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be + 主语 + v-ing ?eg:What are you doing ?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词 + be +

11、v-ing ?eg:Who is singing over there? （4）V-ing 的变化规则1、一般情况下，直接加ingeg:cook-cooking2、以不发音的结尾，去e加ingeg:make-making, taste-tasting 3、如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing。eg:run-running, stop-stopping sit-sitting get-getti forget-forgetting begin-beginning 4、以ie结尾的动词，改ie为y加ingeg:die-dying lie-lying （5）时间标志词

12、now, at present, Look! Listen! Its oclock.（6）、专项突破练习题1. Dont make so much noise. The children _an English lesson.A. have B. are having C. were having 2. Listen! The phone . Please go to answer it. A. rings B. is ringing C. rang D. will ring 3.What are you doing? Im _ TVA. watching B. watches C. watc

13、hed 4. Alan, its late. Why not go to bed? Jenny hasnt come back yet. I _ for her. A. waited B. have waited C. am waiting D. was waiting 5. It _ hard outside. You have to stay at home. A. rain B. is raining C. rained 6. - What is Tom doing now? - He _ basketball over there. A. is playing B. will play

14、 C. has played D. was playing 7. Please turn off the TV. The baby _. OK. Ill go out for a walk. A. sleep B. slept C. is sleeping D. was sleeping 8. Look! Jack and his monkey _ flying disk together in the garden.A. is playing B play C. are playing D. were playing 9. Ive not finished my project yet. H

15、urry up! Our friends _ for us. A. wait B. are waiting C. will wait D. have waited 10. .Listen! Someone _ for help! . A called B. is calling C. has called 11. .-Where is Grace? -She _in the yard. A. reads B. read C.is reading D.was reading 12. Mr. Smith works with a mobile phone company, but he _ for

16、 this international meeting, since he is on holiday. A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked 13. The girl with her grandparents _for the moment because her parents are both very busy this month. A. lived B. is living C. live D. was living 14. Whats that noise?Oh, I forgot to tell you. The

17、 neighbors _ for a party. A. prepare B. are preparing C. will prepare D. have prepared 15. My sister wants a new dress. She _it to the party, A. wears B. has worn C. wore D.is going to wear .16. -Where is Michael? -He_TV at home ,I think. A.watches B.watched C.is watching D.was watching 17. May I sp

18、eak to Mr Morgan? Sorry. He_ on the farm. A. works. B. worked C. is working D. has worked 18. Mary isnt here at the moment. She _ later. A.comes B. came C. has come D. is coming 答案：BBACB ACCBB CBBBD CCD三、现在完成时现在完成时指的是过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。 （1）构成 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（

19、二）用法1 、现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。 eg:I have already posted the photo.我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响“照片不在这里”。 2、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示），常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.谓语动词必须是延续性动词。eg:He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年

20、，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) 注意：for和since的用法。 for+时段 为时间 since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来） since+时段+ago since+从句（过去时） It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） 注：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose）不能直接与for 或since 引导的时间段连用。要改变成延续性动词。 变化如下：come/arrive/reach/get to-be in go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead buy-have feel ill -be ill co

21、me back-be back put on -be on/wear worry-be worried catch a cold-have a cold3、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never等. eg:He has already finished the work. （3）句式结构 1、肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. 2、否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语. 3、一般疑问句：Have/Has+主

22、语+动词的过去分词+宾语. 4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） （四）过去分词变化规则1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： （1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 eg: live-lived-lived , (3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。 eg:study-studied-studie

23、d ,cry-cried-cried (4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 eg: stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2 、 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。 eg: cut- cut- cut,hit- hit- hit. （5）常见考法 对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查“瞬间动词”不能与表示一段时间的状语连用”这一知识点。 典型例题1：His father_the pa

24、rty since 1978 A.joined B.has joined C.was in D.has been in 解析：本题考查学生对现在完成时的熟练掌握。 since 1978表达“自从1978年一直到现在”，表示这件事情从过去一直持续到现在，应该用现在完成时，而且动词必须是延续性动词，AB均为瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，故排除；C为一般过去时，也不行。 答案；D. （6）误区提醒一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别是我们要注意的地方。要牢记： 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如： yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in

25、 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和 these days ,this week ,since ., for . 等表示一段时间的状语连用。现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。 典型例题1： _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ;D have finished 解

26、析：本题考查一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别。问句中的yet表明应该用现在完成时，而回答中的a moment ago 是一个表示过去的时间状语，应该用一般过去时。 答案： B （7）专项突破练习一 has gone to, has been to, has been in 的区别has been to,表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来了has gone to表示去了，但还没有回来，也许是在去的途中has been in指的是在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在 1 (11黑龙江绥化)- Where is Bob? - He _ to Harbin for a meeting. A went B

27、has been C has gone 2 (11南宁)She isnt at the cinema now because she _ the library. A. has been to B. have been to C. have gone to D. has gone to 3 (11烟台)I think the man over there must be Bob. - It_ be him. He has_ to Australia. A. cant, gone B. cant, been C. may not, been D. mustnt, gone 4【2011江苏徐州】

28、 Are you going to the bank, Laura? No, I _ to the bank already. A. have been B. have gone C. am going D. had been B. 5【2011呼和浩特】-Oh, you are here. Im looking for you all the morning._? -To the library. A. Where have you gone B. Where will you go C. Where are you going D. Where have you been? 6【2011四

29、川雅安】 They _ England and they will be back next week. A. have gone to B. have been to D. has been on 7【2011辽宁本溪】Is Mr. Smith still in Shanghai? Yes, he _ there for two months. A. has been B. has gone C. has been to D. has gone to 8【2011江苏泰州】How well do you know the Opera House? I know the place very

30、well. I _ Sydney many times. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have arrived in 答案：CDAADA AAB二 A 现在完成时 看关键词选答案 常见关键词有since+时间点、 for+时间段、already, yet, so far, once, twice, many times等 1【2011贵州毕节】I _many new friends since I came here Amake Bmade Cwill make Dhave made 2【2011福建莆田】Mrs. Wang came back from France