1、that引导的定语从句的用法that引导的定语从句的用法篇一:高一英语知识点:that引导的定语从句的用法高一英语知识点:that引导的定语从句的用法关系代词that可以引导限定性定语从句,修饰代表人或事物的先行词,但不能用于引导非限定性定语从句。that可以充当从句的主语、宾语、表语。例如:Thebagthatliesonthegroundishers.地上的那个包是她的。(关系代词that修饰bag的定语从句中充当主语)TheoldmanthatIvisitedyesterdayismyteacher.我昨天拜访的那个老人是我的老师。(关系代词that在修饰man的定语从句中充当宾语)在先
2、行词是事物的限定性定语从句中,that和which一般可互换,但在下列情况下不可以互换:1.只能用that,不能用which作先行词的情况(1)先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时,关系代词通常只用that,不用which。例如:ThatisallthatIknow.我知道的就这些。Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintown?你有什么东西要在城里买吗?nothingthattheteacherdoesdoesntinfluencehisstudents.老师所做的事情没有不影响到学生的。(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、theonly,thevery,
3、thelast等修饰时,关系代词通常只用that,不用which。例如:ThefirstenglishnovelthatIreadwascities.我读的第一本英文小说是城市。ThisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgamesthatIhaveeverseen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。Thisistheonlythingthatwecandonow.这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。(3)先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词只用that,不用which。例如:Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutarea
4、dmiredbyusall.我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。Theforeignvisitorsspokehighlyofthepioneersandtheirperformancesthattheysawatthechildrenspalace.外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。(4)关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时,通常只用that,不用which。例如:heisnolongerthestarthathewas.他不再是过去的那位明星了。ourschoolisnolongertheschoolthatitusedtobe.我
5、们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。(5)句中其他位置已出现which,为避免重复,不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。例如:whichisthecarthathasovertakenus?超过我们的是哪辆车?2.只用which,不能用that作先行词的情况(1)在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词+关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时,关系代词必须用which。例如:Thehouseinwhichweliveisverylarge.我们住的房子非常大。Thisisthereferencebookofwhichtheteacherisspeaking.这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。注意:
6、如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首,which就可换为that,例如:Thisisthequestionwhich/thatwevehadsomuchdiscussionabout.=Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwevehadsomuchdiscussion.这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。(2)先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时,关系代词通常只用which而不用that。例如:studentsshouldkeepinmindthoseregulationswhichrestricttheirbehavior.学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。Abo
7、okshopshoulddealwithavarietyofthosebestsellerswhicharenewlypublished.书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。考题1All_isneededisasupplyofoil.(1989)A.thethingb.thatc.whatD.which答案b解析先行词是不定代词all,其限定性定语从句应由关系代词that引导,在该定语从句中充当主语。考点72:who/whom引导的定语从句的用法篇二:浅谈that在从句中的用法浅谈that在从句中的用法摘要:that在英语中是一个非常常见的单词,它之所以常见,不仅仅是因为它是一个在生活中常常要用到
8、它,更因为它的用法相当的多。因此,同学们在使用that这个单词时,总会出现这样那样的问题,特别是that在从句中的使用,更是令同学们常常模棱两可,分辨不清。关键词:that用法1.主语从句2.宾语从句3.表语从句4.同位语从句5.目的状语从句6.定语从句that在英语中是一个非常常见的单词,它之所以常见,不仅仅是因为它是一个在生活中常常要用到的字,更因为它的用法相当的多。因此,同学们在使用that这个单词时,总会出现这样那样的问题,特别是that在从句中的使用,更是令同学们常常模棱两可,分辨不清。但考试中又常出现,让我们和学生都比较头痛。我觉得要解决这个问题,首先要让学生弄清that在所引导的
9、从句中它的词性,然后结合实例分析,这样学生就可一目了然了。具体来说,that可作连词或关系代词。具体的作用如下:一that引导主语从句(subjectclauses),在句中充当主语的成分。that在句中无实义,但放在句首时不能省略:athattheattempttosaveherhadsucceededbecamewidelyknown.bthattheydidnottellusabouttheirproblemsisapity.这种结构主要是对that从句的内容进行强调,属正式文体,thattheattempttosaveherhadsucceeded和thattheydidnottell
10、usabouttheirproblems在句中都分别作了主语。但为了避免显得头重脚轻,常把that从句移到句子后面,而把it放在句首,作形式主语,此时that可以省。上面两个句子就可改为:a.itiswidelyknown(that)theattempttosaveherhadsucceededb.itisapity(that)theydidnottellusabouttheirproblems.如果整个句子是疑问形式,就只能用先行it结构,例如:a.isittruethathewouldtaketherisk?b.isitpossiblethattheywillcometomorrow?在主
11、语从句中,常使用先行it结构,用that从句作主语的句子主要有下列几个句型:(1)、it+be+形容词+that从句:itisnecessarythatyoucometoschooleverysunday.itsstrangethatsheshouldgainthefullmarks.(2)、it+be+名词词组+that从句:itsagreatpitythatyousuchastupidideathatday.(3)、it+及物动词+宾语+that从句:itworriedherabitthatshebecamefatterandfatter.itshockedmethatpeterdidnt
12、tellanybodywherehewas.(4)、it+be+过去分词+that从句:itissaidthathehasbeentheremanytimes.(5)、:在一些谓语动词为不及物动词(如:appear,happen,seem,turnout等)的句子中,主语从句也后置,而把it放在句首,作形式主语。ithappenedthatisawyourbrotheryesterday。itseemsthathehaslostsomething.注意:在上述第(1)和第(2)两种句型中,that从句前置与使用先行it,that从句后置在意义上没有什么差异;但使用先行it结构较为常见。二。th
13、at引导宾语从句(objectclauses),放在动词、介词和一些表示人的感情或情绪的形容词后面,在句中充当宾语的成分,口语中that常省略。这类动词常为及物动词如say,tell,ask,think,declare,reply,require,etc;形容词如afraid,certain,glad,angry,aware,grateful,anxious,delighted,pleased,satisfied,surprised,sad,etc。a.shesaid(that)shewouldcome。b.doyouremember(that)hehasevertoldusaninteres
14、tingstory?c.imsorry(that)icandonothingforyou。三.that引导表语从句(predicativeclauses),放在联系动词后,在句中充当表语的成分。此时that也无实义,但不可省。例如:a.ourwisheswerethatyouleavehereatonce.b.mysuggestionisthatafewmorepeoplebesenttheretohelpthem.要注意的是,当主语是thereason、thecause时,为了避免含义上的重复,其后的表语从句一般也不再使用because引导,而用that。a.thetroubleisthat
15、weareshortofmoney。b.thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathemissedtheearlybus。四that引导同位语从句(appositiveclauses),放在名词的后面,补充说明名词的内容等。这种名词有fact,idea,belief,conclusion,confidence,doubt,duty,evidence,feeling,hope,idea,impression,information,knowledge,law,news,notion,opinion,order,proof,proposal,rule,suggestion,theory
16、,thought,truth,view,etc。此时that也无实义,但也不可省。a.thefactthathefailedintheexammadeussurprised。b.wearedelightedatthenewsthatourdelegatewonthefirstprizeinthespeechcontest。五that引导目的状语从句(clausesofpurpose),如sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat等;结果状语从句(clausesofresult),如so(such)that,(so)that等;条件状语从句(clausesofcondition
17、),如:providedthat,onconditionthat,supposingthat等;原因状语从句(clausesofreasonorcause),如:nowthat等。要区别sothat引导的从句到底是表结果的还是表目的的状语从句,一般情况可以看从句中是否有这样一些词:may,might,shall,should,can,could,will,would等情态动词。如果有,该从句可判定为目的状语从句。abringitnearer(so)thatimayseeitbetter(clauseofpurpose)。b.hisbehaviorwassobadthatweallrefused
18、toreceivehiminourhomes(clauseofresult)。c.nowthattheweatherhasimproved,wewillbeabletoenjoythegame(clauseofreason)。d.hewilllendyouthemoneyonconditionthatyoureturnitin6months(clauseofcondition)。六引导名词性从句中的定语从句,而且只能是限定性定语从句。(1)可指代人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语。指物时可换为which,指人时可换为who(作主语,但who更常用)或whom(作宾语,在日常口语中常用that)。作宾
19、语时可省略。a.theletterthat/whichcamethismorningisfrommyfather。b.herearethebooks(that)iborrowedlastweek.c.thewoman(whom/that)spoketomeinthebookstoreusedtolivenextdoor.但如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物),定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不可以,只能用that。a.weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitalsthatyouaretalkingabout.b.th
20、erearesheepandmenthatcanbeseenonthehill.(2)当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,somebody,thelittle,thefew,much,all等不定代词时,定语从句由that引导。a.anyonethatwantstosucceedmustworkhard。b.thebookcontainsagooddealthatisboringandunnecessary。(3)当先行词被形容词的最高级,序数词或theonly,last,every,some,any,very,next,等修饰时,定语从句由that引导。先行词表
21、人时,也可用who,但更常用that。a.hewasoneofthestrongestmenthatwehaveeverseen。b.youaretheonlypersonthatcanhelpme。c.thefirstbookthathewroteisnotverypopular。(4)可引导强调句型,即itis/was+强调部分+that从句。当强调部分表人时,也可用who,但更常用that.itsyouthatiwanttotalkto。从上面可以看出,在同位语从句和定语从句中,that都可放在名词后面。怎样区分一个名词后的从句是定语从句还是宾语从句?我们先来看两个句子:a.ihadno
22、ideathatyouwerehere。b.theidea(that)hegaveusisverygood。在句子a中,从句thatyouwerehere补充说明名词idea的内容,that作连篇三:定语从句引导词which和that的区别1当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等代词时,或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。如:haveyoutakendowneverythingthatmr.Lisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗
23、?Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做好了。ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.我不能为你干什么。hestayedinthelibraryandlookedupanyinformationthattheyneeded.他呆在图书馆查找所需的资料。注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who,如:Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywontdosuchathing.任何有责
24、任感的人都不会做这样的事。Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.所有应邀来参加她婚礼的客人都是重要人物。2当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwasthebigben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。3当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如:ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最好的电影。4当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。如:ThisistheverydictionarythatIwa
25、nttobuy.这正是我要买的词典。Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.家里发生了火灾过后,那辆旧车成了他的唯一拥有。注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。如:wanghuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.王华是我校唯一出席会议的人。5当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如:whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?站在门口的那个人是谁?whichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?哪
26、件T恤衫最合我的身?6当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如:Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool他们谈论着他们所能记起的在校时的人和事。Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.瞧瞧那个沿街走来的人和他的毛驴which引导的定语从句在语法和语用功能有利于区别于that引导的定语从句的鲜明特色。一、语法要点。有宽阔的指代范围。不仅可措代主句中某一先行词_名词(A),还可以指代主句中某些句子成分,如不定式宾补,不定式宾语,动宾结构等(b),甚至整个主句(c)。后
27、两项功能是that所没有的。(A)Thecomputerwhich(=that)Iboughtyesterdayishomemade.(b)YesterdayIaskedhimtogotothecinemawithme,whichagreed(昨天我要他同我一道去看电影,他同意了)。hewishestogetquickrichwithoutanylabour,whichwethinkonlywishfulthinking(他想不劳而获,迅速致富,我们认为这是想入非非)。(c)Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttolivingthings(太阳晒热地
28、球,这对于万物是十分重要的)。非限定性定语从句中,无论主语还是宾语,关系代词用which不用that;即使which作宾语也不省去。Football,whichisveryinteresting,isplayedallovertheworld.Inevergiveuplearningforeignlanguages.whichIfinktodeabridgedtotheworld(我从没有放弃过外语学习,因为我发现外语是通向世界的桥梁)。(比较下一句关系代词作宾语可省去的限定性定语从句。二者在这一点上的区别一目了然:Itisthecomputer(that/which)Iboughtlastw
29、eek.)“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句有一下四点值得注意。A:当介词前置时,关系代词用which而非that;而且which不省去。Thepencilwithhewaswritingbroke.无Thepencilwiththathewaswritingbroke;也无Thepencilwithhewaswritingbroke.(注:当介词后置于定语从句动词后面,并且从句是定性的,关系代词which,that可互换,能省略。Thisistheroomwhich/thatthegreatmanonceworkedin.)b:先行词表示时间,定语从句可用关系副词(when;先行词表示地点,定语
30、从句可用关系副词where:wellneverforgetthedayonwhich(-when)wevisitedthegreatwall.Theywenttothevillagewhere(-atwhich)theoilwellwaslocated定位)。c:此结构再延伸,出现“名词/代词+of/among+关系代词”的格局,名词又有数量意义,如“许多,一些,大部分,20个等”,则整个短语译作“其中许多;其中一些”:onthecrowdedbuswereschoolchildren,manyofwhomwerefrombeijing.也可以把名词/代词称到关系代词后面,整个短语的功能不变:
31、heborrowedfromthelibrarynovelsandmagazines,amongwhichsomeareinenglish.D:此延伸结构若是“名词+介词of+关系代词”的格局,名词无数量意义,则同于whose+名词:helivesinthehousethedoorsofwhichfacethesouth,=helivesinthehousewhosedoorsfacethesouth.二、语用功能。which定语从句(尤其是非限定性的)主要还是在语用功能上呈现that定语从句所没有的亮点。表达主从句因果关系。AJew.Alberteinsteinhadtofleegerman
32、y.whichthenwasruledbyhitler(爱因斯坦只得逃离德国,因为当时的德国是在希特勒的统治之下)。nmeT99:coryLuxmoorearrivedfromenglandtodeliverthediaryofhisancestertotheLibrarycompany,_heandhiswifeconsideredtobethebesthomeforthediary(coryLuxmoore(千里迢迢)从英国赶来把祖先的日记交给(费城)图收馆公司,是因为他和妻子认为该图书馆才是此日记最好的归宿处)。表达主从句目的关系。Thesouthernstatessetupaseparatestateoftheirown,inwhichthe
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