1819 Unit1 Section Ⅲ Grammer动词不定式和动名词.docx

1、1819 Unit 1 Section Grammer动词不定式和动名词Section Grammer动词不定式和动名词语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句后自主感悟1.To live in China is Mr.Smiths dream.Smoking is not allowed here.2.Its very difficult to drive in the mountains.It is no use crying over spilt milk.3.His job is to teach English.My job is taking care of the garden.4.I

2、 didnt expect to see you here.Im sorry I missed seeing you while I was in Beijing.5.She was the first girl to come to the party.He is reading in a reading room.6.Please allow me to stay for a while.7.I got up early to catch the 6：30 train.1.例句1中的动词不定式和动名词作主语；例句2中动词不定式和动名词后置，用it作形式主语。2.例句3中的动词不定式和动名词

3、作表语。3.例句4中的动词不定式和动名词作宾语。4.例句5中的动词不定式和动名词作定语。5.例句6中动词不定式作宾语补足语；例句7中动词不定式作状语。语 法 精 要 点 拨.动词不定式一、动词不定式的时态和语态带to的动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式四种形式，一般式和完成式有被动语态。其具体形式见下表：时态形式用法主动语态被动语态一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生to doto be done进行式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生to be doing完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前to have doneto have been done完成进行式表示动作

4、发生在谓语动词的动作之前且一直进行着to have been doingHe promised to give me a helping hand.(give在promised之后发生)他答应帮助我。We hoped to have finished the work earlier.(finish这一动作发生在hoped之前)我们本希望早点儿完成这项工作。He pretended to be sleeping when I went in.(sleep在pretended发生的时候，正在进行)我进去时，他假装正在睡觉。The book to be published soon is very

5、 interesting.(The book是publish的承受者)即将出版的这本书很有趣。She is known to have been dealing with the problem for many years.(deal这一动作发生在is known之前且一直进行着)大家知道她处理这个难题已经有很多年了。即时训练1用所给词的适当形式填空Dont wait for him.He is said to have gone(go) to Shanghai.You are supposed to be sleeping(sleep)now.Why are you still in th

6、e office?In order to be chosen(choose)in the first round，the girl made careful preparations for the singing competition.二、动词不定式的句法功能1不定式作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。To be here with all of you is a pleasure for me.与你们所有人在这儿，我很

7、高兴。It is important to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语很重要。How to make requests politely is important.如何有礼貌地提出请求很重要。即时训练2句型转换/完成句子To give up smoking is right.It is right to give up smoking.做早操有利于我们的健康。To do morning exercises is useful for our health.对我们来说，很难在一刻钟内写完这篇作文。It is difficult for us to finis

8、h writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. 【导学号：45062019】2不定式作宾语不定式可以放在及物动词或及物动词短语的后面作宾语。常见的这类动词及短语有：三个希望(hope，wish，want)两答应(agree，promise)；两个要求(demand，ask)莫拒绝(refuse)；设法(manage)学会(learn)做决定(decide)；不要假装(pretend)在选择(choose)。I hope to have my own bike.我希望有辆我自己的自行车。My father came down and dema

9、nded to know what was going on.我父亲从楼上下来要求知道正在发生什么事情。名师点津如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。常用it作形式宾语的动词有：believe，consider，feel，find，know，make等。I know it impossible to finish so much homework in one day.我知道在一天内完成这么多的作业是不可能的。即时训练3单句语法填空I decided to go (go)to the countryside on vacation.We have plan

10、ned to make (make)a school radio program.Would you like to go (go)with me or would you rather stay (stay)at home?3不定式作宾语补足语常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，beg，cause，help，force，allow，permit，advise，order，get，want，wish，tell等。有时，作宾语补足语的不定式用于被动语态中时也可称为主语补足语。He asked me to do the work with him.(宾补)他要我与他一起工作。The docto

11、r warned you not to eat too much meat.(宾补)医生告诫你不要吃太多的肉。Passengers are permitted to carry only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.(主补)乘客只被允许携带一件行李乘机。名师点津在think，consider，suppose，believe，imagine，prove，find等动词后常用“to be表语”结构作宾语补足语。此时to be常省略。Imagine yourself(to be)in his place.设想你处于他的位置。即时训练4完成句子/一

12、句多译下课后他们被允许在教室里讲话。They are allowedto talk in the classroomafter class.他们告诉他不要再迟到了。They told him not to be late again.He was told not to be late again.4不定式作表语动词不定式放在be，seem，remain等动词的后面作表语，表示将来的情况或说明主语的内容。His job is to teach English.他的工作是教英语。The problems remain to be unsettled.问题还没有解决。即时训练5完成句子现在我们有聊

13、天室，能发短信、电子邮件等等，但是我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的艺术。Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing and so on，but we seem to be losing the art of communicating face to face.下一步要确保你确切知道需要的是什么。The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what it requires.5不定式作定语不定式作定语要注意以下几点：(1)放在被修饰词的后面；(2)在时间上表示将来；(3)不定式所修饰的名

14、词是不定式所表示动作的承受者；(4)当名词被序数词及next，last，only等词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语；(5)被修饰词是抽象名词如ability，desire，chance等时，也常用不定式作后置定语。The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng.我们制定了一个向雷锋学习的计划。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一位在奥运会上赢得金牌的女

15、性。I have a chance to go sightseeing to America.我有一个去美国观光的机会。名师点津如果不定式由不及物动词构成，那么不定式后面要加上相应的介词。Pass me a piece of paper to write on，please.请递给我一张可以写字的纸。即时训练6用所给词的适当形式填空The decision to be made (make)at the afternoon meeting will influence the future of our company.She was the best woman to do(do)the j

16、ob.He is always the first student to enter(enter) the classroom.6不定式作状语不定式作状语常表示目的、原因或结果。目的状语常置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。与in order或so as连用时旨在加强语气，但so as to do结构一般不置于句首原因状语置于句尾的不定式有时表示原因；另外，某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词作表语，后跟不定式也表示原因结果状语多用于“too.to；enough to.；only to.；just to.”等结构中A group of young people got together to

17、discuss this question.(目的状语)一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。I was very sad to hear the news.(原因状语)听到这个消息我感到很伤心。Many reporters hurried to the airport，only to be told that the superstar had already left.(结果状语)很多记者匆忙赶到机场，结果却被告知那个超级明星已经离开了。即时训练7完成句子/同义替换看见这恐怖的场面这个人吓得要死。The man was frightened to death to see the terrify

18、ing scene.He went to the dormitory to visit her but he found(only to find)that she had left school yesterday.三、不带to的动词不定式1let/make/have sb.do在let，make，have等使役动词之后的“宾语作宾语补足语的动词不定式”结构中，不定式符号to须省略。但当make，let，have用于被动语态的时候，后面的to要还原。She avoids making you feel stupid.她避免让你感觉自己很愚蠢。The teacher has us write

19、a composition every week.老师让我们每周写一篇作文。2hear/see/feel/watch.sb.do在hear，see，feel，watch，observe，notice，listen to等感官动词(词组)后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但是当这些词(词组)用于被动语态时，后面的动词不定式不能省略to。I never saw him dress out of place.我从未看到过他着装不得体。The person was seen to enter the shop by us.我们看见那个人进了那家商店。(不能省略to)3would rather/had

20、 better/why not do在would rather/had better/why not等结构中通常省略to。We would rather rent the house than buy it outright.我们宁可租这幢房子，也不愿一次付清款项买下它。You had better go there at once.你最好立即去那里。Now that you are moving into a new apartment，why not buy some new furniture?既然你要搬新居了，为什么不买些新家具呢？4由and/or/except/but/rather

21、than连接的第二个动词不定式常省略to由and/or/except/but/rather than连接两个及两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的动词不定式时，第二个动词不定式不带to。但是如果两个动词不定式表示对照或对比时，则不能省略to。Id like to stay with you，help you and learn from you.我想留下和你在一起，帮助你并且向你学习。She told us to stay at home and wait till she came back.她告诉我们待在家里一直等到她回来。To try and fail is better than not t

22、o try at all.尝试后失败也比不尝试好。He hasnt decided whether to go or to stay.他还没有决定是去还是留。即时训练8单句语法填空/单句改错Let those in need understand (understand)that we will go all out to help them.Sandy could do nothing but admit (admit)to his teacher that he was wrong.He is often seen take exercise in the morning.seen后加to

23、.动名词一、动名词的句法功能1作主语动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。Laying eggs is the ant queens fulltime job.产卵是蚁后的专职工作。Collecting stamps is very interesting.集邮很有趣。名师点津当use，good，fun，useless等名词或形容词作表语时，作主语的动名词常后置，而用it作形式主语。It is useless arguing with him.和他争论是没用的。即时训练9用所给词的适当形式填空Learning (learn)from others is important.It

24、s no good making(make)friends with such people.Knowing (know)basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.2作动词宾语Do you mind my opening the windows?你介意我打开窗户吗？Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the old during the vacation.比尔建议假期期间开一个为老人做些什么的会议。3作介词宾语My parents

25、 objected to my marrying him.我父母反对我嫁给他。即时训练10用所给词的适当形式填空I had great difficulty finding (find)the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.Im looking forward to seeing (see)the film again. 【导学号：45062019】I often practise listening (listen)and speaking (speak)4作表语动名词作表语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验，或说明主语的内容。My du

26、ty is teaching you how to study.我的职责是教你如何学习。Their task is exploring oil mines in the west.他们的任务是在西部勘探油矿。即时训练11完成句子/翻译句子我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。What I hate most is being laughed at.我的任务就是当他们的领导。My task is being their leader.眼见为实。Seeing is believing.5作定语动名词(短语)作定语修饰名词，表示该名词的性质、功能、用途等。He cant walk without a walki

27、ng stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。Is there a swimming pool in your school?你们学校有游泳池吗？即时训练12完成句子/句型转换阅览室既明亮又宽敞。The reading room is bright and large.他们搭起一个手术台。They set up an operating table.There is a room for smoking in our school.There is a smoking room in our school.6只能接动名词不接动词不定式作宾语的动词英语中有些动词只能接动名词不能接动词不定式作宾语。常见的

28、有：admit，dislike，imagine，delay，consider(考虑)，mind，avoid，enjoy，practise，miss，finish，keep，suggest，recommend等。You should now practise speaking English as much as possible.你现在应该尽可能多地练习说英语。7只能接动名词不接动词不定式作宾语的动词短语英语中有些动词短语只能接动名词或名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。常见的有：cannot help，look forward to，feel like，cannot stand，put off，i

29、nsist on等。We look forward to seeing you there.我们期望在那儿见到你。I cannot stand being with her any longer.我再也不能容忍和她在一起。即时训练13完成句子这位教授坚持要自己批改学生的论文。This professor insists on correcting his students essays himself.他们还没有建好大坝。They havent finished building the dam.你介意把那本词典递给我吗？Do you mind passing me that dictiona

30、ry?8接动词不定式和动名词作宾语区别不大的动词英语中有些动词接动词不定式和动名词作宾语区别不大，用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而用动词不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。常见的有：continue，prefer，begin，hate，like，start，love等。When I cant fall asleep，I dont take pills.I prefer to read a book.It helps me.我睡不着时不会吃药，而是喜欢读书，这对我有帮助。I prefer living in the east coast rather than the west coast of the country.我更喜欢住在这个国家的东海岸而不是西海岸。9接动词不定式和动名词作宾语区别较大的动词英语中有些动词接动词不定式和动名词作宾语区别较大，常见的有：(1)forget to do sth.表示“忘记做某事(未做)”；forget doing sth.表示“忘记做过某事(已做过或已发生)”。Dont forget to remind your brother of his homework before you leave home.你离开家之前别忘了提醒你弟弟做家庭作业。He forgot telling me