托业句型.docx

1、托业句型1. 直接问句： 疑问词 + 助V + S .？ 问句动词要移到主词前 间接问句：S + V + 疑问词 + S + (助V) + V. 间接问句不是问句 * 他什么时候要走？ 我不知道他什么时候要走。 When will he go? I dont know when he will go. 2. 直接问句： 助V + S + .？ 也就是要用Yes或No回答的问句 间接问句：S + V + whether + S + (助V) + V. if *你能不能来呢？ 你能不能来没关系。 Can you come (or not)? It makes no difference wheth

2、er you can come (or not). 3. Do + S + V + 疑问字 + S + V ? 询问重点为”Do + S + V” 疑问字+ do + S + V + 疑问字 + S + V ? 询问重点为” 疑问字” * A: Did you tell me who she was? B: Yes, I did. A: 你有没有告诉过我她是谁？ B: 有啊，我告诉过你了。 * A: Who did you tell me she was? B: She is my sister. A: 你告诉过我她是谁来着？ B:她是我妹妹。 4. 你认为.如何？ .如何？ .好不好？ (建

3、议去做某事) How about + O ? What about + O ? What do you say to + O ? O 要用名词或Ving. What do you think of + O ? Lets + V , shall we? * 去散散步好不好？ How about (taking) a walk? = What about (taking) a walk? = What do you say to (taking) a walk? = What do you think of (taking) a walk? = Lets take a walk , shall w

4、e? 5. 一.就.；如果.就. 命令句 and S + V. = If S + V , S + V. * 一动你就没命。 Stir and you will be a dead man. = If you stir , you will be a dead man. 6. .否则.；如果不.就. 命令句 or S + V. = If S . not + V , S + V. = Unless S + V , S + V. * 穿上外衣，否则你会着凉的。 Put on a coat, or youll take cold. = If you dont put on a coat, youll

5、catch cold. = Unless you put on a coat, youll get a cold. 7. 多么.啊！(感叹句) How + 形 + ( a + n.) 副 ( S + V ). 感叹句不是问句 What + (a) + (形) + n. * 多么美的夜色啊！ * 这些男孩好丑啊！ How beautiful a night (it is)! How ugly the boys are! = What a beautiful night (this is)! = What ugly boys (they are)! 8. 与现在事实相反的假设 If S + wer

6、e . , S + would, could + V 过去式V might, should * 要是我现在有翅膀，我要飞到美国。 If I had wings, I would fly to you. 9. 与过去事实相反的假设 If S + had + pp . , S + would, could + have + pp. might, should * 要是那时这鞋子我合穿的话，我就买了。 If these shoes had fitted me, I would have bought them. 10. 与未来事实相反的假设 If S + were to + V . , S + wo

7、uld, could + V. might, should * 即使明天太阳从西边升上来，我也不会做这样的事。 Even if the sun were to rise in the west tomorrow, I would not do such a thing. 11. 未来表万一 If S + should + V . , S + would, should . + V. will, shall . *万一这次失败了，我会再试一次。 If I should fail this time, I will(would) try again. 12. 不确定的未来 If S + V现在式

8、. , S + shall, will + V can , may *如果明天天气好，我们就去野餐。 If it is fine tomorrow, we will go on a picnic. 13. 不能实现的愿望 + S + 过去式V 现在不可能的希望 I wish + S + had + pp 过去已不可能的希望 Would that should If only + S + would + V 未来不可能的希望 could * 我要是一只鸟该多好。 I wish I were a bird. 我真希望你那时告诉我真相就好了。 If only you had told me the

9、truth. 但愿明天我能跟你一起去就好了。 Would that I could go with you tomorrow. * I hope you can help me. 我希望你能帮我。 可能实现 I wish you could help me. 要是你能帮我就好了。 不可能实现 14. 祝福.的用法 I wish + S + may + V May + S + V I wish + 人 + 事物 (I wish) + 事物 + to + 人 * 祝你成功。 I wish you may succeed. = May you succeed. = I wish you succes

10、s. = (I wish) success to you. 15. 假设法if的省略 were Were If S + had + . Had + S + . should Should * 我们不会失败的，要是失败，后果将如何呢？ Were we to fail, what would happen? (= If we were to fail, .) 要不是我早知道她的名字，当时我就糗了。 Had I not known her name, I would have been embarrassed. (If I had not known .) 万一下雨，我们就不去了。 Should i

11、t rain, we would not go. (If it should rain, .) 16. 要不是.，. But for + O Without + O , S + V假设法. If S + not + V假设法 * 要不是有太阳，我们根本就无法生存。 But for the sun, we couldnt live at all. = Without the sun, we couldnt live at all. = If it were not for the sun, we couldnt live at all. = Were it not for the sun, we

12、 couldnt live at all. 17. 该是.的时候了。 It is (high) time + S + 过去式V was should + V * 该是我们上床睡觉的时候了。 事实上还没睡 It is (high) time we went to bed. = It is time we should go to bed. = It is time for us to go to bed. 18. .好像是.(其实不是) S + V as if S + V假设法 as though * 你看起来好像死了。 You look as if you were dead. 19. n.

13、命令、建议、要求、坚持 的 adj. + that S + (should) + 原形V v. * 她父亲坚持她要跟那人结婚。 Her father insisted that she (should) marry that man. *此类V.如：suggest, order, demand, command, insist, propose, . *其实只要有命令、建议、要求、坚持意味的字，不论是名词、动词、形容词，其所接子句中的动词都该用原形、或 ”should + 原形V”。 It is necessary that he take the exam. 他必须参加考试不可。 20. c

14、annot . too 越越好；再也不为过 * 交友要越小心越好。 We cannot be too careful in choosing friends. = You can never be over careful in choosing friends. = One can hardly be careful enough in choosing friends. 21. all all both not = not both 不都(部分否定) every every * 人不都诚实。 比较：* 人都不诚实。 All men are not honest. No man is hon

15、est. = Not all men are honest. = All men are dishonest. 22. that .not + V 否定字 + but .+ V 没有不 without + O. * 没有人不爱自己的孩子。 There is no one but loves his own child. = There is no one that does not love his own child. = There is no one without loving his own child. = Everyone loves his own child. 23. to

16、+ V not + Ving 不 (不定词、分词、动名词的否定都是在前面加not) pp. * 他试着不再想她。 * 没办法帮他忙，我就离开了。 He tried not to think of her. Not being able to help him, I just left. 24. No + n. 禁止；反对；不准 Ving * 非公莫入。 *禁止停车。 No admittance except on business.No parking. 25. There is no + Ving 不可能；没有人能 = It is impossible to + V * 简直不知道会发生什么

17、事。 There is no telling what may happen. = There is no way of telling what may happen. = It is impossible to tell what may happen. = No one can tell what may happen. 26. not only A but (also) B 不但A而且B B才是重点，所以动词与B一致 = B as well as A * 不但怪你，也怪你的朋友。 Not only you but also your friend is to blame. = Your

18、 friend as well as you is to blame. 27. not A but B 不是A而是B = B not A * 我感兴趣的不是化学，而是物理。 What I am interested in is not chemistry, but physics. = What I am interested in is physics, not chemistry. 28. 人 + be above + Ving 耻于；不屑 n. * 她不屑发问。 She is above asking questions. 29. the last + n. 最不可能的；再怎么说也不会的

19、 *他是最不可能出卖你的人。(他再怎么说也不会出卖你) He will be the last person to betray you. 30. fail to + V 未能 never fail to + V 一定；务必 = be unable to + V = V + without fail * 他未能实时到达。 *我一定会守信。 He failed to arrive in time. I never fail to keep my word. = He was unable to arrive in time. = I keep my word without fail. 31.

20、一点也不；绝不 not at all = in no way = by no means = not in the least = far from = anything but * 那男孩一点也不用功。 The boy is not diligent at all. = The boy is far from diligent. 32. 很多. Much + 不可数名词 many + 可数名词 not a little Not a few no little no few quite a little quite a few a great deal of a great number of

21、 * 他有很多钱，但我有很多书。 He has much money, but I have many books. = He has not a little money, but I have not a few books. = He has no little money, but I have no few books. = He has quite a little money, but I have quite a few books. = He has a great deal of money, but I have a great number of books. 33.

22、It goes without saying that . 不用说都知道. Needless to say, * 不用说都知道诚实是最上策。 It goes without saying that honesty is the best policy. = Needless to say, honesty is the best policy. 34. 否定字词放句首的倒装句。应按问句形式，倒装助动词。 Never, No, Seldom, Little, Not, Nothing + 助V + S + V . be + S . Hardly, Rarely, Scarcely, By no

23、means, Under no circumstances, * 我将永远忘不了那一段美好的求学时代。 I shall never forget the beautiful school days. = Never shall I forget the beautiful school days. 他很少迟到。 我绝不会原谅他。 He is hardly late. I will forgive him by no means. = Hardly is he late. = By no means will I forgive him. 35. Only词组放句首的倒装句 Only . + 助

24、V + S + V . be + S . * 我们只有靠着努力工作才能成功。 We can succeed only by working hard. = Only by working hard can we succeed. 36. 地方副词放句首的倒装句 地方副词 + V + S(名词) V需为不及物动词 S(代名词) + V * 乞丐在大门口等。 * 她坐在柜台后面。 The beggar waited at the gate. She sat behind the counter. = At the gate waited the beggar. = Behind the counter she sat. 36. 主词补词放句首的倒装句 主词补词 + V + S V需为不及物动词(所以后面才有主词补语) * 我的生活很空虚。 My life is empty.= Empty is my life. 37. So(也) 的倒装句 So + 助V + S 也是。 So + S + 助V 的确。 Be Be = S + 助V , too = Yes, S + 助V Be Be * 你年轻，我也是。 *A：听说你做得很好。 B：的